The democratic elections in 1994 marked the formal end of apartheid. During apartheid 'race' was, for the most part, a somewhat rigid construct which, despite many nuances and complexities, typically seemed to frame whiteness as dominant, normative and largely invisible, and blackness as subordinate and marginalised. The transformations brought about in post-apartheid South Africa have heralded many positive reformations, such as macrolevel institutional changes. However, many of apartheid's racialised patterns of privilege and deprivation persist and 'race' continues to influence the identities of South Africans. Furthermore, an inherent tension exists in South Africa's social fabric, where ‘race’ and racism are often juxtaposed against narratives of the Rainbow Nation and colourblindness. This study, which is framed by critical 'race' theory and social constructionism, aims to explore the extent of the fluidity and rigidity of 'race', racialisation and racialised identities in post-apartheid South Africa by exploring the narratives of black and white first year students. This study collected the narratives of seven black and seven white first year South African university students. It was found that South African youth identities can be seen to be functioning in relation to and reaction against both South Africa’s racialised past as well as its present socio-cultural context. It was found that the racialised patterns which characterised apartheid still impact on black and white youth identity in contemporary South Africa. For instance, despite the many disruptions to whiteness post-1994, it was noted as still being a normative and dominant construct to some extent. Similarly, despite attempts to rectify power imbalances in the new South Africa, blackness is still constructed as being somewhat other and inferior. However, many alternative voices emerged which subverted these narratives, suggesting that identity is in a state of flux. Thus, despite the continued influence of apartheid’s racialised patterns of identity, shifts and schisms are appearing in post-apartheid racialised identity, where issues of racialised dominance and power relations are no longer as clear cut as they once were.

Este trabalho objetiva analisar representações e sentidos políticos acerca do Apartheid - regime de segregação racial da África do Sul entre os anos de 1948 a 1990 -, através de discursos, interpretações e imagens presentes em notícias impressas nas páginas da Revista Veja que circularam durante 1968 a 1985, período marcado por intensas mudanças político-culturais no Brasil sob regime civil-militar, em África recorrente aos processos de descolonização e independências, e em África do Sul pelos eventos decorrentes do emprego do regime do Apartheid. Nesse momento no Brasil, os meios de comunicação em massa, em especial a imprensa, foram fundamentais na construção e difusão de um repertório discursivo atuante na fabricação de um projeto de país. Veja, publicada a partir de 1968 pela Editora Abril, tornou-se um importante veículo de produção de informação no mercado editorial na década de 1970, difundindo em suas páginas temas relacionados aos universos da política, da economia e do social, em âmbito nacional e internacional. Deste modo, por meio da análise de seus materiais, pretende-se compreender de que forma este periódico interpretou os acontecimentos relacionados a política de segregação sul africana e entender qual o papel da veiculação dessas imagens na construção desse novo projeto de Brasil adotado pelos governos militares. / This work aims to analyze the representations and his political senses about Apartheid - South African racial segregation scheme between the years 1948 to 1990 - , through the speeches, interpretations and images present in printed news in the pages of Veja Magazine which circulated during 1968 to 1985 between the years 1948 to 1990, period marked by intense political-cultural changes in Brazil under the civil-military regime, in Africa recurrent to the processes of decolonization and independence, and in South Africa by the events resulting of the Apartheid regime. At this moment in Brazil, the mass media, in particular the press, were fundamental in the construction and diffusion of a discursive repertoire active in the manufacture of a country project. Veja, published since 1968 by Editora Abril, has become an important vehicle for producing information in the publishing market on 1970s, spreading on your pages themes related to the universes of politics, economy and social, at national and international levels. That way, through the analysis of its materials, it is intended to understand how does this newspaper interpreted the events related to South African segregation policy and understand the role of the placement of these images in construction of this new project in Brazil adopted by the military governments.

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Limpopo, 2008. / The Black youth struggled against the apartheid regime as the title indicates because as Blacks the policy made them to suffer. They were oppressed in the country of their birth. Before the militant youth involvement in the liberation struggle in the 1970s there were a few Black youths who tried to force the government to relinquish its policy. They were unsuccessful. This was because they were opposed to the government as members of the various Black organisations. They were not united. SASO with its Black Consciousness philosophy brought unity amongst all the Black youth and put them on the vanguard of the struggle. These youth did not just mobilize and unite Blacks (organisation and non organisation members) through public criticism of the apartheid system. They also mounted physical attacks on enemy targets such as police stations etc. South Africa became ungovernable. This resistance compelled the government to release political prisoners and to relinquish power in 1994.

Este trabalho objetiva analisar representações e sentidos políticos acerca do Apartheid - regime de segregação racial da África do Sul entre os anos de 1948 a 1990 -, através de discursos, interpretações e imagens presentes em notícias impressas nas páginas da Revista Veja que circularam durante 1968 a 1985, período marcado por intensas mudanças político-culturais no Brasil sob regime civil-militar, em África recorrente aos processos de descolonização e independências, e em África do Sul pelos eventos decorrentes do emprego do regime do Apartheid. Nesse momento no Brasil, os meios de comunicação em massa, em especial a imprensa, foram fundamentais na construção e difusão de um repertório discursivo atuante na fabricação de um projeto de país. Veja, publicada a partir de 1968 pela Editora Abril, tornou-se um importante veículo de produção de informação no mercado editorial na década de 1970, difundindo em suas páginas temas relacionados aos universos da política, da economia e do social, em âmbito nacional e internacional. Deste modo, por meio da análise de seus materiais, pretende-se compreender de que forma este periódico interpretou os acontecimentos relacionados a política de segregação sul africana e entender qual o papel da veiculação dessas imagens na construção desse novo projeto de Brasil adotado pelos governos militares. / This work aims to analyze the representations and his political senses about Apartheid - South African racial segregation scheme between the years 1948 to 1990 - , through the speeches, interpretations and images present in printed news in the pages of Veja Magazine which circulated during 1968 to 1985 between the years 1948 to 1990, period marked by intense political-cultural changes in Brazil under the civil-military regime, in Africa recurrent to the processes of decolonization and independence, and in South Africa by the events resulting of the Apartheid regime. At this moment in Brazil, the mass media, in particular the press, were fundamental in the construction and diffusion of a discursive repertoire active in the manufacture of a country project. Veja, published since 1968 by Editora Abril, has become an important vehicle for producing information in the publishing market on 1970s, spreading on your pages themes related to the universes of politics, economy and social, at national and international levels. That way, through the analysis of its materials, it is intended to understand how does this newspaper interpreted the events related to South African segregation policy and understand the role of the placement of these images in construction of this new project in Brazil adopted by the military governments.

Apartheid betyder åtskildhet på Afrikaans och är namnet på den rasåtskillnadspolitik som genomfördes av Apartheidregimen i Sydafrika mellan 1948-1994. Syftet med detta är att granska hur religion användes för att legitimera det förtryck som apartheidsystemet innebar för många människor i Sydafrika. Detta undersöks genom en litteraturöversikt där ett brett forskningsmaterial om apartheid bearbetas för att kunna granska religionens roll i apartheid. En teologisk analys kommer att genomföras på det forskningsmaterial som framtagits där en argumentationsanalys kommer att användas.  Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) är den största afrikanderkyrkan i Sydafrika och hade ett nära förhållande till apartheidregimen. DRC lade en teologiskgrund för apartheid där ett av argumenten för afrikandernas särställning var att afrikanderna var Guds utvalda folk. Man hade även som uppgift att plocka fram bibliska argument som stödjer apartheidpolitiken. Religionen användes framförallt genom att man presenterade teologisk grund med bibliska argument som utgångspunkt för att rättfärdiga apartheidpolitiken och framställa den som Guds vilja.  Nyckelord: Afrikander, Apartheid, Dutch Reformed Church (DRC), Kristendom, Nationalism / Apartheid is an Afrikaans word meaning separateness and is the name of the system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race carried out by the apartheid regime in South Africa between the years 1948-1994. The objective with this research is to examine how religion was used in justifying apartheid, which was a political system carried out by the apartheid regime when implemented resulted in an unjust existence for many people in South Africa. This will be examined through a literature study where a wide selection of research material will be reviewed to ensure the quality of my research. An argumentation analysis will be used to review the theological arguments used by Afrikaner theologies in justifying apartheid.  Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) is the largest Afrikaner church in South Africa and the church had a close relationship to the apartheid regime. DRC developed a theological foundation to support the apartheid regime and its policy. One of the arguments that DRC used to ensure the Afrikaner peoples special position was that the Afrikaner people was the chosen people of God and therefor special. DRC also had the task of presenting scriptural evidence that supported the policy of apartheid. Religion was primarily used to create a theological foundation with the support of scripture to justify the policy of apartheid and create an image of the policy as Gods intention. Keywords: Afrikaner, Apartheid, Dutch Reformed Church (DRC), Christianity, Nationalism

The primary aim of the study is to make a contribution to the discipline of myth theory, or mythology, within the academic field of enquiry of media studies. To this end, the first part of the study comprises a literature review of relevant myth theory, during which the quantitative disparity on myth theory, between myth literature describing dominant myth and that dealing with counter myth, is highlighted. In order to address the comparatively smaller amount of theory concerned with counter myth, the study proceeds to theorise the semiotic technical functions of counter myth, the socio-political functions of counter myth and examines the social values and dangers of counter myth in society. Furthermore, counter myth is considered with regard to media framing, the relationship between counter myth and political myth is addressed, and the characteristics and criteria of counter myth are outlined. In keeping with the main purpose of the study, which is to provide a new contribution to myth theory, the theoretical problematics of the definition and classification of both myth and counter myth is confronted, and mechanisms for contending with these theoretical difficulties are suggested. A theoretical framework for the analysis of myth and counter myth on film is developed, which is based on the theorisation of counter myth performed in the literature study. In the second part of the study this theoretical framework is applied to a sample of purposefully selected post apartheid South African history films as a case study. The primary purpose of this case study is to serve as a demonstration of how the theoretical framework for the analysis of myth and counter myth can be put to use in the critical analysis of media texts, in this study applied to film (as a mediated text). The secondary purpose of the case study is to examine a selection of post apartheid South African counter myths, which explicitly work to remythologise the collective social identity construction of the white South African, in the post 1994 socio-political environment. In this way, the study demonstrates how myth and counter myth may facilitate identity (re)construction during and after a period of societal upheaval or transformation. / Communication Science / (D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication Science))

This thesis is concerned with recovering the literary history of Daphne Rooke, who experienced short-lived international fame as a South African novelist during the 1950s and 1960s. The value of this undertaking is predicated upon the fact that the author is currently enjoying something of a 'literary revival' within South Africa. with scholars persuasively arguing for Rooke's relevance within a post-apartheid literary culture. This obviously begs the question of why she was 'forgotten' in the first place; a question which is addressed within this, the first full-length literary history of the author. My thesis adopts an original methodological approach, as the lack of existing research into Rooke's original standing necessitates the use of analytical tools which open up alternative avenues of historical investigation. Accordingly, this thesis treats the cultural 'organs' attached to Rooke's novels in their capacity as published books - the imprints; dust-covers; sales figures; reviews; paperback reprints; ect. - as 'texts' which say something concrete about the contemporary value granted these works and their author. In the case of Rooke, a publishing-centred literary historiography is invaluable because it also exposes the degree to which the author's literary standing as a South African writer has been largely, and often negatively, influenced by forces emanating from the world of metropolitan and South African publishing. Furthermore, this thesis argues that a theoretical perspective which grants primacy to publishing practices is not only pertinent to a literary history of Rooke but to postapartheid literary studies in general. This is because the inherent weakness of South African publishing and, conversely, the strength of the metropolitan book industry, continues to determine what South Africans can make of their own literature.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / This research places in context a proposed case study of land and property rights of a dispossessed Stockenström (Eastern Cape) community forcibly removed to Friemersheim (Western Cape) during the apartheid era, between 1985 and 1986. This dispossessed community has yet to receive appropriate compensation for that expropriation in the form of restoration of their property rights. This study examines the specifics of the legislative framework, which underpinned the circumstances of their land expropriation, as well as the pattern of land dispossession in South Africa during this era. To this end, it examines the impact of land-related apartheid legislation, which directly and indirectly influenced this community. It focuses on discussions, many of the parliamentary proclamations and statutes such as those passed in 1913, and beyond, which provided the legal context for large-scale land grabs, and contrasts these with the post-1994 land reformation programme. Finally, this research examines the practical implementation of the 1994 land reform programme, especially the component of restitution, with particular reference to the displaced Stockenström community who find themselves facing huge challenges in a democratic South Africa, even after they applied the new rights accorded to them in the land reform programme. It outlines the significance of the new legislative rights conferred on those dispossessed and tracks their land claims successes and failures.