A responsividade aglutina princípios calcados em produtividade, flexibilidade e uso intensivo de tecnologia, capacitando empresas de manufatura a lidar com incertezas e operar de forma rentável no mercado globalizado. A manufatura busca na responsividade meios para sobreviver e crescer num ambiente de contínua mudança e incerteza, norteado pela concorrência global, exigências crescentes dos consumidores e avanço da tecnologia. O ciclo de expansão da indústria ainda tem fôlego para crescimento. O setor automotivo tem participação considerável na economia e gera efeito em cadeia na atividade industrial mundial. A indústria automotiva historicamente é uma precursora na reformulação de estratégias e no aprimoramento da eficácia operacional, através da adoção de tecnologias cada vez mais flexíveis e adaptáveis às oscilações do mercado competitivo. Este setor é um dos mais importantes do Rio Grande do Sul e do Brasil e sua dinâmica impõe condições responsivas às empresas. Ao assumirmos que a responsividade é o fator chave para alcançar e manter a vantagem competitiva no ambiente de manufatura, verificar como ela é utilizada, principalmente em empresas do setor automotivo, torna-se uma importante questão a ser tratada. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o conjunto de dimensões que representam a responsividade nas empresas de manufatura do setor automotivo. A pesquisa é qualitativa descritiva e aplicou o método de estudo de caso, através de uma investigação de casos múltiplos, realizada em quatro empresas com representatividade na cadeia automotiva do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa utilizou como fontes de evidências: entrevistas, observações diretas e análise de documentos. Nas entrevistas, por se tratarem de perguntas abertas, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. As observações diretas, assim como a análise de documentos, ajudaram a complementar as informações obtidas nas entrevistas. Para interpretação do material obtido, foi utilizada a técnica de triangulação de dados. Inicialmente, cada empresa foi analisada individualmente, e depois houve a comparação dos casos para verificar similaridades ou diferenças para posterior produção de resultados mais confiáveis e generalizáveis. Através dos casos estudados constata-se que, apesar das diferenças de porte, nicho de atuação, valores e qualificação, entre outros, as empresas de manufatura do setor automotivo se valem de princípios comuns que resultam em ações e práticas responsivas. / The responsiveness merges principles based on productivity, flexibility and intensive use of technology, enabling manufacturing companies to deal with uncertainties and operate profitable in the global market. The manufacturing identifies in responsiveness ways to survive and grow in an environment of continuous change and uncertainty, guided by global competition, increasing on consumer demands and technology dissemination. The industry expansion cycle has yet impetus for growth. The automotive sector has considerable involvement in the economy and generates a chain effect on the global industrial activity. Historically, the automotive industry is a pioneer in strategies reformulation and operational efficiency improvement, through adoption of technologies more flexible and adaptable to fluctuations in competitive market. This sector is one of the most important for the Brazilian state, Rio Grande do Sul, and its dynamics imposes responsive conditions to the companies. We believe that the responsiveness is the key factor to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage in the manufacturing environment, therefore identify how it is used, mainly in automotive sector companies, is an important issue to be addressed. The objective of the present research is to analyze the set of dimensions that represent the responsiveness in manufacturing companies in the automotive industry. The qualitative descriptive research had used the “case study method” through a multiple-case study investigation, applied to four important companies of the Rio Grande do Sul automotive supply chain. This research used as evidence sources: semi-structured interviews, direct observation and documentation analysis. Open questions were applied in the interviews and the “content analysis technique” to support the interpretation. The direct observations, as well as the document analysis, helped to supplement information obtained in interviews. The data triangulation technique was used for material interpretation. Initially, each company was examined individually, and then the cases comparison to check similarities or differences to obtain more reliable and generalized results. Despite differences in organization size, performance niche, values and skills and others, the studies proved that manufacturing companies in the automotive sector have use common principles which result in responsive actions and practices.

O processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP) é reconhecido por influenciar diretamente a competitividade das empresas. O sucesso do desenvolvimento pode contribuir, entre outros resultados, no aumento da participação de mercado, conquista de novos clientes, redução de custos e melhora da qualidade. O PDP realizado entre montadora de veículos e fornecedor requer atenção especial no que diz respeito à gestão do processo e à interação entre as empresas. Isso porque, em muitos casos, fornecedores detêm o conhecimento tecnológico do produto e processo de produção do mesmo e a montadora detém o conhecimento das necessidades de performance do projeto. Dentro destas duas instituições, montadora e fornecedor, ocorre um movimento que envolve competências, responsabilidades e a atuação de diversas áreas funcionais. Todo este processo requer integração, comunicação e estrutura, para que possa ocorrer de maneira organizada. Montadoras americanas desenvolveram uma metodologia que busca suprir algumas das necessidades de integração no PDP, o Planejamento Avançado da Qualidade do Produto (APQP). O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir esta metodologia, identificando condições em que o APQP contribui para a gestão do processo de desenvolvimento do produto. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de estudos de casos da indústria automotiva, entre os quais dois estudos com maior profundidade. Em um segundo momento, foi pesquisado um grupo maior, de 20 fornecedores de um mesmo projeto, para avaliar se as conclusões obtidas nos dois casos mais aprofundados eram representativas para um grupo amplo. Nos casos estudados, foi possível identificar que atrasos por parte da montadora dificultam a gestão do processo. O fornecedor, ao trabalhar próximo do cliente, obtém informações que possibilitam administrar atrasos e prazos comprimidos, muitas vezes antecipando-se a formalizações da montadora. Isso tem custos adicionais, mas revela que o APQP pode contribuir positivamente na interação, fornecendo subsídios para um alinhamento constante. Porém, não impede que falhas internas na montadora sejam evitadas. / The product development process (PDP) is recognized for having direct influence on companys competitiveness. The success of PDP can influence other objectives, some of them: market share increasing, new customers, cost reduction and quality improvement. The OEMs (Original Equipments Manufactures) and automotive parts manufacturers PDP require special attention on the process management and interaction between the companies. These because, in many cases, suppliers hold the technical knowledge of the product and production process and the OEMs hold the requirements and project performance knowledge. Inside those companies, OEMs and auto parts suppliers there is a process which involves competencies, responsibilities and work from several functional areas. The success of those projects requires integration, communication and a well organized structure to make it happen on an organized way. Auto makers have developed a methodology to supply some integration requirements between the players on the PDP and the Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP). The objective of this paper is to discuss the methodology, indentifying conditions which will contribute for new product development management. This paper was developed on case studies from automotive industry. First, two deep studies cases was made. In a second moment, a more extensive study was done with 20 suppliers of the same project, to evaluate if the conclusion on the primary study were representatives into a large group. On the two moments, it was possible to indentify that delays on car manufacturer make more difficult to manage the process. However, the supplier can work closely to client and make possible to have an easier communication process. This communication enables to track the delays and deadlines, and sometimes work in advanced. This have additional costs, but shows that the APQP can contribute on the interaction, giving assistance for supplies have a constant alignment, on the other hand cannot guarantee to avoid errors and internal failures on the car makers.

A responsividade aglutina princípios calcados em produtividade, flexibilidade e uso intensivo de tecnologia, capacitando empresas de manufatura a lidar com incertezas e operar de forma rentável no mercado globalizado. A manufatura busca na responsividade meios para sobreviver e crescer num ambiente de contínua mudança e incerteza, norteado pela concorrência global, exigências crescentes dos consumidores e avanço da tecnologia. O ciclo de expansão da indústria ainda tem fôlego para crescimento. O setor automotivo tem participação considerável na economia e gera efeito em cadeia na atividade industrial mundial. A indústria automotiva historicamente é uma precursora na reformulação de estratégias e no aprimoramento da eficácia operacional, através da adoção de tecnologias cada vez mais flexíveis e adaptáveis às oscilações do mercado competitivo. Este setor é um dos mais importantes do Rio Grande do Sul e do Brasil e sua dinâmica impõe condições responsivas às empresas. Ao assumirmos que a responsividade é o fator chave para alcançar e manter a vantagem competitiva no ambiente de manufatura, verificar como ela é utilizada, principalmente em empresas do setor automotivo, torna-se uma importante questão a ser tratada. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o conjunto de dimensões que representam a responsividade nas empresas de manufatura do setor automotivo. A pesquisa é qualitativa descritiva e aplicou o método de estudo de caso, através de uma investigação de casos múltiplos, realizada em quatro empresas com representatividade na cadeia automotiva do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa utilizou como fontes de evidências: entrevistas, observações diretas e análise de documentos. Nas entrevistas, por se tratarem de perguntas abertas, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. As observações diretas, assim como a análise de documentos, ajudaram a complementar as informações obtidas nas entrevistas. Para interpretação do material obtido, foi utilizada a técnica de triangulação de dados. Inicialmente, cada empresa foi analisada individualmente, e depois houve a comparação dos casos para verificar similaridades ou diferenças para posterior produção de resultados mais confiáveis e generalizáveis. Através dos casos estudados constata-se que, apesar das diferenças de porte, nicho de atuação, valores e qualificação, entre outros, as empresas de manufatura do setor automotivo se valem de princípios comuns que resultam em ações e práticas responsivas. / The responsiveness merges principles based on productivity, flexibility and intensive use of technology, enabling manufacturing companies to deal with uncertainties and operate profitable in the global market. The manufacturing identifies in responsiveness ways to survive and grow in an environment of continuous change and uncertainty, guided by global competition, increasing on consumer demands and technology dissemination. The industry expansion cycle has yet impetus for growth. The automotive sector has considerable involvement in the economy and generates a chain effect on the global industrial activity. Historically, the automotive industry is a pioneer in strategies reformulation and operational efficiency improvement, through adoption of technologies more flexible and adaptable to fluctuations in competitive market. This sector is one of the most important for the Brazilian state, Rio Grande do Sul, and its dynamics imposes responsive conditions to the companies. We believe that the responsiveness is the key factor to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage in the manufacturing environment, therefore identify how it is used, mainly in automotive sector companies, is an important issue to be addressed. The objective of the present research is to analyze the set of dimensions that represent the responsiveness in manufacturing companies in the automotive industry. The qualitative descriptive research had used the “case study method” through a multiple-case study investigation, applied to four important companies of the Rio Grande do Sul automotive supply chain. This research used as evidence sources: semi-structured interviews, direct observation and documentation analysis. Open questions were applied in the interviews and the “content analysis technique” to support the interpretation. The direct observations, as well as the document analysis, helped to supplement information obtained in interviews. The data triangulation technique was used for material interpretation. Initially, each company was examined individually, and then the cases comparison to check similarities or differences to obtain more reliable and generalized results. Despite differences in organization size, performance niche, values and skills and others, the studies proved that manufacturing companies in the automotive sector have use common principles which result in responsive actions and practices.

This research focuses on the degree of implementation of modularity and module supply by the automobile manufacturers in South Africa and the benefits they experience. Special attention was paid to the effect the modularity has on the local supplier base and the ability of small South African companies to support this supply concept. Lastly the factors influencing the car manufacturers’ outsourcing decision process was uncovered. The semi-structured face to face interviews with representatives of all light vehicle manufacturing companies operating in South Africa provided rich data for setting the background for further quantitative researches. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

This master thesis deals with increasing importance of Chinese and Indian car manufacturers. The aim is to present possible ways how European manufacturers would respond to new competition from China and India. The first chapter defines theoretical basis of the thesis. The second chapter analyses in detail current situation of the European automotive industry. The third chapter focuses on development of the industry in China and similarly, there is India analysed in the fourth chapter. The last chapter presents alternative approaches of European manufacturers and their prospective adaptation to the new competition.

The aim of this thesis is the exterior design of an urban electric vehicle and the implementation of technologies into the proposed design, which is promising for future applications in the automotive industry. The analytical part of this work is concerned with the history of electric vehicles, the available contemporary technologies and further analyses the visual properties of electric vehicles. The design of the electric vehicle is presented in the practical part. The shape and the composition of the vehicle is described in detail, and further the applied technologies, ergonomics and design elements of the electric car are presented.

No description available.

El respeto al medioambiente está calando en la sociedad moderna a todos los niveles. Los ciudadanos, las instituciones públicas y también las empresas son conscientes del papel que desempeñan en la protección del entorno. Este trabajo busca profundizar en los conceptos relacionados con el medioambiente que afectan a las decisiones que las empresas toman en el día a día. Por la relación de la autora con el sector del automóvil, en el que he desarrollado mi actividad profesional desde el año 1999, la aplicación empírica se ha realizado en esta industria, con el objetivo principal de identificar los aspectos sobre los que se debe indicir para potenciar las actuaciones mediomentalmente proactivas. Como actividades clave para el sector se ha analizado en profundidad el diseño y la innovación, que, al incluir el enfoque sostenible, se estudian en la tesis como ecodiseño y ecoinnovación. Así, en primer lugar se realiza una revision bibliográfica sobre el ecodiseño, los beneficios que se derivan para las empresas al considerar la mejora medioambiental a través del mismo, los que se derivan de la actitud proactiva y de su implementación también se identifican, como, por ejemplo, la mejora de la posición competitiva, la reducción de costes, la mejora de la imagen de la empresa o el desarrollo de nuevos productos En esta primera parte se identifica también el principal obstáculo que las empresas encuentran, que se resume en la falta de incentivos y de apoyo para que las empresas puedan potenciar e implementar las actuaciones de ecodiseño. En el segundo estudio, se analizaron las acciones concretas que una empresa automotriz líder como Faurecia ha desarrollado en los últimos años. A través del estudio de este caso de manera profunda, se presenta la información recogida mediante entrevistas con expertos en ecodiseño del grupo Faurecia. Los resultados observados a nivel particular en Faurecia se refuerzan por los resultados empíricos realizados sobre empresas pertenecientes al sector que muestran que la orientación ambiental está influenciada, principalmente, por las características de la empresa. Para las empresas de automoción españolas, el estudio detectó que la proactividad ambiental al innovar viene determinada, principalmente, por el tamaño de las empresas, medido por las variables: ingreso total, inversión total, cantidad de inversión en I+D y el número deempleados en I+D y también, aunque menos, por la actividad formal en I+D (número de patentes) y la orientación de exportadora de la empresa. Así, las grandes empresas con mayor número de patentes y con presencia internacional son más propensas a ser medioambientalmente activas en actividades de ecodiseño y ecoinnovación y que son este tipo de empresas las que lideran la actividad y la orientación medioambiental en el sector del automóvil español. Por otra parte, aunque la reducción en el uso de la energía y de material también se han relacionado con la ecoinnovación ambiental, están muy influenciados por otras variables como el rendimiento económico, la estructura de costes o su situación financiera, por lo que no se pudo concluir nada al respecto. La investigación prosiguió explorando las características específicas de la industria automotriz frente al eco diseño y otras cuestiones ambientales relacionadas. Así, el siguiente artículo que conforma esta tesis doctoral, se planteó con el propósito de identificar los impulsores de la orientación ambiental de las empresas del sector del automóvil. En concreto, se analizó la importancia de la tipología de las fuentes de información procedentes del entorno (denominadas ¿de mercado¿; proveedores, clientes, competidores y consultores externos) para orientar eficazmente mejoras de productos y procesos como factores claves para determinar la orientación ambiental de las empresas del sector. Utilizando el paquete de software SmartPLS 2.0, el modelo de medición fue confirmado con suficiente fiabilidad y validez para todas las hipótesis. Además, el modelo estructural demostró que todos los coeficientes de la ruta fueron estadísticamente significativos. Los resultados de nuestro estudio, consistentes con trabajos previos, destacan cómo las actividades de eco-innovación están positivamente relacionadas con la innovación. Las empresas que se centran en productos y procesos cuando innovan son más eco-innovadoras que el resto. La consistencia de los resultados sugiere que las compañías que buscan, por una parte, una mayor flexibilidad operativa, aumentar la capacidad de producción, reducir los costes laborales unitarios o reducir el consumo energético por unidad cuando están buscando innovaciones están también más dispuestas a adoptar una orientación ambiental y, por otra, las empresas que se centran en el desarrollo de nuevos productos, en aumentar o sustituir la gama de productos, en aumentar la calidad del producto o en alcanzar una mayor cuota de mercado o nuevos mercados, son también más propensas a ser medioambientalmente más proactivas. / Paya Martinez, A. (2013). Estudio de la interrelación entre el eco-diseño y la eco-innovación e identificación de aspectos clave en la innovación sostenible en un sector industrial: aplicación al sector del automóvil [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32830 / TESIS

Presently the automotive industry is facing enormous pressure due to global competition and ever changing legislative, economic and customer demands. Both, agility and reconfiguration are widely recognised as important attributes for manufacturing systems to satisfy the needs of competitive global markets. To facilitate and accommodate unforeseen business changes within the automotive industry, a new proactive methodology is urgently required for the design, build, assembly and reconfiguration of automation systems. There is also need for the promotion of new technologies and engineering methods to enable true engineering concurrency between product and process development. Virtual construction and testing of new automation systems prior to build is now identified as a crucial requirement to enable system verification and to allow the investigation of design alternatives prior to building and testing physical systems. The main focus of this research was to design and develop reconfigurable assembly systems within the powertrain sector of the automotive industry by capturing and modelling relevant business and engineering processes. This research has proposed and developed a more process-efficient and robust automation system design, build and implementation approach via new engineering services and a standard library of reusable mechanisms. Existing research at Loughborough had created the basic technology for a component based approach to automation. However, no research had been previously undertaken on the application of this approach in a user engineering and business context. The objective of this research was therefore to utilise this prototype method and associated engineering tools and to devise novel business and engineering processes to enable the component-based approach to be applied in industry. This new approach has been named Configurable and Collaborative Automation Systems (CO AS). In particular this new research has studied the implications of migration to a COAS approach in terms of I) necessary changes to the end-users business processes, 2) potential to improve the robustness of the resultant system and 3) potential for improved efficiency and greater collaboration across the supply chain.

Aims and Objectives of Research. 1. To develop a 'one stop' generic decision making matrix (Outsourcing Decision Model) that provides the necessary clarity into defining whether an organisation should proceed with an outsourcing initiative or not. This would be based upon a distillation of existing models and reviewed literature. With the recognition that there may be subsequent advantages following the process, the model will include not only these but a means of evaluation in order to ascertain whether or not an outsourcing initiative may be or was successful or not. This latter aspect must logically be viewed as very important as an outsourcer must be aware of the benefits and also whether or not they were achieved. In addition, the model would include sufficient guidance with potential supporting metrics and their application. 2. To validate the Outsourcing Model through specific case studies using a triangulated approach in comparing the selected automotive OEM with some of its major competitors. Within the context of the case study, the research would also attempt to understand how the subject outsourcing organisation compares to its major competitors in equivalent comparable products and whether or not this reflects in the success of these companies. This case study not only provides a means of reinforcing the remaining case studies by using a triangulated method of application to the research developed outsourcing decision model but also provides a deeper understanding of the context of the supplier and competitors within the industry. 3. To test, via case studies the effect of specificity relating to the outsourced end product rather than the outsourced entity. This aspect provides the deepest application to the researched outsourcing decision model and therefore the most comprehensive validation. In addition, because the case studies are retrospective, they have the benefit of providing data to establish the level of success. This would be very important, particularly as it would enable a focus on particular criteria that failed to highlight a particular outcome and therefore provide a chance to make amendments. Low specificity is a well established criterion in defining an outsourced entity which is reflected within the body of the research. The further extension of this theory towards the outsourcing of and outsourced entity related to an established previously outsourced commodity is a new concept with no identifiable literature or evidence relating to its importance. The fact that it provides an element within the research that is potentially unique and carries no extra task burden it has been captured as an added element within the two important validation case studies: 4. To evaluate if outsourcing performance can be enhanced through the introduction of a second supplier into a single supplier sourcing situation. Subsequent to outsourcing, this aim and objective focuses upon the possibility of enhancing performance through the introduction of a second supplier. Particularly in cases whereby expertise may have been lost from an outsourcer, ultimate results relating to the outsourced entity may be compromised through either opportunism or diminished supplier performance. Whether these aspects are deliberate or unintended, an outsourcer should have some means of mitigating this risk. This mitigation may potentially be enabled through the use of a second supplier in order to provide a degree of competition. 5. To identify a link between Specificity, Commonality and Platform Sharing. The Author's professional role was very heavily based around the modern practices within the Automotive Industry. Outsourcing, platform sharing and commonality are well publicised strategies that have been adopted by various car manufacturers in order to gain efficiencies. Research was carried out in order to provide a better understanding of these strategies and to establish if there is any link between them. A confirmation of any linkages may then provide potential for establishing greater synergies between them.