One of the most consistent features of the diverse artistic movements that have flourished throughout the twentieth century has been their willingness to experiment in diverse genres and across alternative art forms. Avant-gardes such as Expressionism, Dada, Surrealism, Futurism, Fluxus and Pop were composed not only of painters but also dramatists, musicians, actors, singers, dancers, sculptors, poets and architects. Their works represent a dramatic process of crossfertilization between the arts, resulting in an array of hybrid forms that defy conventional categorisation. This thesis investigates implications of this cross-disciplinary impulse and aims by doing so to open out a site in which to reassess both the manner in which the avant-gardes have been theorised and the impact their theorisation has had on contemporary aesthetics. In the first part of this study, I revisit the work of the most influential theorists of the avant-garde in order to ask what the term “avant-garde” has come to signify. I look at how different theories of the avant-garde and of modernism relate to one another as well as asking what effect these theories have had on attempts to evaluate the legacies of the avant-gardes. The work of Theodor Adorno provides a connective tissue throughout the thesis. In Chapter One, I use it to complicate Peter Bürger’s notion of the avant-garde as “anti-art” and to argue that the most pressing challenge that the avant-gardes announce is to think through the cross-disciplinarity that marks their work. In Chapter Two, I trace how painting has come to be considered as the paradigmatic modernist art form and how, as a result, the avant-garde has been read as a secondary, “literary” phenomenon to be grasped through its relation to painting. I argue that this constitutes a systematic devaluation of literature and has resulted in an “art historical” model of the avant-gardes which represses both their real radicality and implications of their work for these kinds of disciplinary structures. In the second part of this thesis, I explore works which examine and question the aesthetic hierarchies and notions of aesthetic autonomy that the theories of modernism and the avant-garde explored in the first part set up. In Chapter Three, I approach by way of two cross-disciplinary works which employ literature and visual art: Marcel Duchamp’s Green Box (1934) and Andy Warhol’s a; a novel (1968). Works such as these, which slip through the gaps between literary and art history, have, I argue, important implications for literary and visual aesthetics but are often overlooked in disciplinary histories. In my final chapter, I return to the theory of the avant-garde as it emerges in the work of Jean-Francois Lyotard. I examine how his work reconfigures Adorno’s aesthetics by performing the cross-disciplinary movement that it argues is characteristic of avant-garde art works. Tracing his “post-aesthetic” response to Duchamp and Warhol, I explore how Lyotard articulates a mode of practice that moves beyond the dichotomy of “art” and “antiart” and opens out a site in which the importance of the twentieth century avant-gardes is made visible. I conclude by briefly considering the implications of the avant-garde, as I have presented it in this thesis, for contemporary debates on the twenty-first century “digital avant-gardes” and recent writing on aesthetics.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis concerns the similarities between Flann O'Brien's novel The Third Policeman and fin-de-siècle literature, more specifically decadent literature and literature of the early avant-garde. The fact that, apart from metafiction, O'Brien's novel does not deal with aesthetics (neither when it comes to the form nor when it comes to the topic) does not invalidate the presence of fin-de-siècle elements or strategies in it; the elements only change and thus adapt to their new environment. Many of them become ironic, other ones actively contribute to the metafictional scope of the novel. The first chapter explains the parallels between The Third Policeman and fin- de-siècle literature in general. It concentrates primarily on decadent literature and its central theme of "unnaturalness." Unnaturalness occurs in variegated forms, such as artifice, artificiality or make-believe. Unnaturalness can be detected also in the protagonists themselves and even (in compliance with the metafiction of the novel) in the form of O'Brien's hellish world where the narrator finds himself. Discovering and experiencing various forms of unnaturalness go hand in hand with sense perception which is what the chapter also refers to - The Third Policeman remarkably reflects descriptions of sense experiences known from...

The thesis concentrates mainly on mapping of specific term "Life style" and compares its conceptions with classical theory of style with respect to period context. The authors who participated in development of the term "Life style" in a Czech aesthetics are introduced in the thesis: Karel Honzík, Oldřich Stefan, Ladislav Žák and mainly Bohuslav Brouk, who was engaged in the topic the most by far. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and understand specific and original interpretation of style proclaimed by Bohuslav Brouk and his peers and followers. The second aim is to do a subsequent research of the status of the aesthetic function in the theory of "Life style". Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Nesta dissertação, procuramos, a partir da Grande Exposição Universal de Londres em 1851, o início de um debate mais intenso de aproximação da arte com a indústria para, assim, perceber como elementos estéticos começam a permear a vida cotidiana. Essas questões ganham fôlego com as vanguardas, principalmente, com a Bauhaus de Walter Gropius e com o ready-made de Marcel Duchamp. Problematizar como cada um desses artistas buscou o novo, para aproximar Arte e Vida, usando estratégias diferentes, mas recorrendo ao mesmo suporte: o objeto. Ao longo do século XX, perceberemos como, no pós-segunda guerra, há uma mudança no contexto histórico e como as artes plásticas e aplicadas respondem ao debate: arte e indústria, ready-made e Bauhaus. Veremos que as respostas serão com a pop art e as vanguardas italianas do design. Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, analisamos a sobrecarga da narrativa moderna, tendo a implosão do conjunto residencial Pruitt-Igoe como marco desse processo. O resultado é o ocaso das vanguardas e a centralidade da cultura Kitsch, que inverte a questão levantada por elas de aproximar arte e vida; agora, é a vida cotidiana naquilo que tem de mais banal que se aproxima da arte. As consequências dessa mudança são as repetições de imagens do passado e a descontinuidade na história da arte. Assim, demonstraremos como a arte e os objetos de uso colaboraram com a construção do modo de vida nessa nova tradição. / In this research, we have studied, as from the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in 1851, in London, the start-up of a more intense debate on the approximation of Art with Industry for, thus, realizing how aesthetic elements begin to make part of everyday life. Such issues are increased with the Avant-Gardes mainly with Walter Gropiuss Bauhaus and the Marcel Duchamps Ready-mades. We have also studied how each of these artists had searched the \"new\" to approach Art and Life using different strategies but the same support: the object. During the 20th century, after the second World War, we may realize that there is a change in the historical context and how Visual Arts and Applied Arts answer to the debate: Art and Industry, Ready-made and Bauhaus. We may see that the answers will be with Pop Art and the Italian Design Vanguards. In the decades of 1960 and 1970, we have analised the overload on the modern narrative, having the implosion of the Pruitt-Igoe residential condo as this process\' milestone. The result is the Avant- Gardes twilight and the Kitsch culture centrality, which inverts the issue they bring up in order to approach Art and Life; now, on the other hand, it\'s everyday life that is close to Art in what it has of most banal. This change consequences are the repetitions of past images and the discontinuity in Art History. Thus, we may demonstrate how Art and objects of use have contributed with the way life construction in this new tradition.

Historically, Surrealism is defined as a literary and artistic movement which developed from Dadaism in the early twentieth century. Many artistic and literary historians assess that the lifespan of Surrealism did not persist beyond the 1960’s – that in fact, after notable surrealist such as René Magritte, Man Ray, Max Ernst and Salvador Dali challenged the limited cultural assumption of rationalism, the pursuit to explore and visualize the subconscious faded from artistic ambition. However, the purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative notion that suggests that digital interactive mediums – such as contemporary games and virtual technologies – have revitalized Surrealism, enabling game developers to build upon the initial philosophies made popular by the avant-garde movement. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Privilegiando os textos produzidos por Ad Reinhardt como fonte primária, o trabalho procurou apontar o desenvolvimento de seu pensamento e o lugar de seus escritos em relação aos debates da crítica de arte que nortearam a produção das vanguardas norteamericanas até a década de sessenta do século XX e analisou a influência de seus escritos em autores que escreveram nesta mesma década. Primeiramente, o trabalho investigou as apropriações que as idéias vinculadas às vanguardas artísticas européias sofreram em confronto com as necessidades peculiares ao ambiente cultural norte-americano dos anos trinta. Num segundo momento, analisou-se como este debate é atualizado a ponto de servir de base para a criação e produção de uma vanguarda artística norte-americana, que, por sua vez, é oficializada e institucionalizada nos anos do pós-guerra. Anos estes que, não por acaso, marcam a tentativa de imposição mundial, no pleno andamento da guerra fria, do american way of life através da consolidação da cultura de classe média. Nesse contexto, tendo em vista o posicionamento de Ad Reinhardt, o questionamento se encaminha em direção aos limites e possibilidades do viés crítico implícito em seus escritos em relação às sociedades articuladas em torno do consumo de mercadorias, tal como ficou configurado na experiência norte-americana do pós-guerra. Nesse sentido, a investigação se conduziu para a verificação das circunstâncias nas quais os textos de Reinhardt são lidos, especialmente por seus colegas, a partir de meados dos anos sessenta. Em suma, este itinerário, ao final de seu percurso, procurou demonstrar a importância, em meio ao debate do modernismo norte americano, do conceito central de Ad Reinahdrt: Art-as-Art e das idéias a ele relacionadas. / Considering the texts produced by Ad Reinhardt as a primary source, the study aimed to show the development of his thinking and the place of his writings in the domain of the discussions of art criticism that guided the production of North American avant-garde to the sixties of the twentieth century and examined the influence of his writings on authors who wrote in this same decade. Firstly, the work investigated the appropriations that the ideas linked to European artistic avant-garde suffered by comparison with the needs peculiar to the American cultural environment of the thirties. In a second moment, it analyzed how this debate is updated to serve as a basis for the creation and production of an artistic avant-garde of U.S., which, in turn, is made official and institutionalized in the post-war years. Years that, not by chance, marks the attempt to impose worldwide, in full progress of the cold war, the \"American way of life\" by consolidating the culture of middle class. In this context, considering the position of Ad Reinhardt, the question is shifted toward the limits and possibilities of the critic position implicit in his writings in contrast with the society articulated around the consumption of goods, as was set up in the post-war North American experience. In this sense, research is guided to verify the circumstances in which the Reinhardts texts are read, especially by his colleagues from the mid-sixties. In short, this route, at the end of its journey, sought to demonstrate the importance, in the midst of the debate on North American modernism, of the central concept of Ad Reinhardt: Art-as-Art, and the ideas related to it

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e relacionar as escritas de si do poeta e escritor russo Daniil Kharms (1905-1942): seus apontamentos em cadernetas, sua prosa quasebiográfica, como a novela A velha (1939), suas cartas e seus autorretratos, sobretudo na década de 1930, momento em que essas artes de si mesmo passam a interagir de forma mais pronunciada, quando o criador e sua obra se misturam de maneira muito peculiar. Como o estudo das cadernetas do escritor define ponto medular da pesquisa e este material ainda não foi publicado no Brasil, também será apresentada a tradução de parte de seus cadernos de anotações e do pequeno diário, que abarcam os anos de 1924 a 1940. Além disso, pelo próprio recorte do trabalho, foi delineada uma biografia cuidadosa do autor, um dos fundadores da Oberiu, o último grande grupo do vanguardismo russo, assim como foram definidos alguns diálogos (Krutchónykh, Khlébnikov, Bergson, Malévitch e tchinari) que marcaram o desenvolvimento artístico e filosófico de Daniil Kharms, um dos mais peculiares e talentosos artistas russos de vanguarda, hoje assemelhado a escritores como Franz Kafka, Eugène Ionesco e Samuel Beckett. / The objetive of this thesis is to analyse the self-writing of the Russian poet and writer Daniil Kharms (1905-1942): his notes in notepads, his almost-biographical prose, such as the novel Old Woman (1939), his letters and self-portraits, especially in the 1930s, a time when these arts about oneself start to interact in a more emphatic way, when the writer and his work mix up in a very particular way. As the study on his notepads defines the central element of this research and this material has not been previously published in Brazil, it will be also presented a translation of a part of his notepads and little diary, from 1924 to 1940. Furthermore, by the perspective taken in this study, a detailed biography of the author was conducted. Kharms was one of the founders of Oberiu, the last avant-garde Russian group. Hence, the study also debates the importance of the art and philosophy of Krutchónykh, Khlébnikov, Bergson, Malévitch e tchinari to the work of Kharms, who became one of the most singular and talented contemporary Russian authors, compared to Franz Kafka, Eugène Ionesco e Samuel Beckett.

Este trabalho pretende expor as maneiras pelas quais a ficção de Aníbal Machado dialoga com o cinema, procurando definir a ampla visão de sua poética a partir desse viés. A condição do autor de fã e conhecedor da chamada sétima arte faz com que ela se faça presente também em sua obra literária. Um dos aspectos nela observados é a tentativa de reproduzir técnicas e procedimentos da linguagem cinematográfica, o que tem origem em práticas das vanguardas europeias e do modernismo brasileiro. Tal tentativa se faz já em João Ternura, livro que começou a ser escrito por volta de 1926 e concluído às vésperas da morte do autor, em 1964, e é claramente marcado como um projeto modernista. A aproximação da linguagem fílmica nesse livro, entretanto, limita-se quase exclusivamente à montagem de segmentos narrativos descontínuos. Por outro lado, os recursos que buscam similaridade com a narrativa fílmica encontram-se disseminados nos contos do autor, sendo A morte da porta-estandarte o mais cinematográfico deles, já que mobiliza a maior parte desses recursos, como a focalização de um assunto de diversos ângulos e a montagem, realizando uma feliz conjunção entre imagem, movimento e som. Num segundo andamento a tese examina uma particularidade cinematográfica, a presença de Carlitos, de Charles Chaplin, na obra de Aníbal Machado, bem como do cinema burlesco de maneira geral. Assim é enfatizado que na ficção do autor existe uma galeria de personagens que se distingue pela inocência, pelo sonho ou pelo irracional, o que resulta de uma visão do universo de Carlitos influenciada pelas vanguardas europeias, principalmente pelo surrealismo, ao qual Aníbal Machado chegou a declarar publicamente a adesão. As referências aos filmes chaplinianos estão também no ponto de vista irônico do narrador, bem como na coexistência do cômico e do dramático. Na ficção do autor, a gestualidade está relacionada à inocência e ternura de personagens que, por esse motivo, são massacrados pelas rígidas regras e convenções sociais. Daí seu irracionalismo representado pelo burlesco - como recusa a se submeter a essas regras. A pesquisa se detém ainda em outras atividades de Aníbal Machado relacionadas ao cinema. Nesse particular, o foco se volta para o início dos anos 1950, quando o escritor foi convidado pela Companhia Vera Cruz a colaborar com roteiros de outros autores e a escrever adaptações para alguns contos de sua autoria. Assim, elaborou sinopses e roteiros para A morte da porta-estandarte, O telegrama de Ataxerxes e O piano, mas nenhum deles chegou a ser filmado. Nesse andamento, pretende-se caracterizar o contexto em que a produção ficcional se inscreve, situando-a também na história do cinema brasileiro. Tomando as adaptações de autoria de Aníbal, procura-se avaliar o motivo do interesse do mercado cinematográfico da época em adaptar seus contos. Com isso em vista, pretende-se fazer uma análise comparativa entre A morte da porta-estandarte e sua correspondente sinopse em duas versões, e de O telegrama de Ataxerxes e o roteiro nele baseado, procurando explicitar as soluções adotadas pelo autor para transpor suas histórias para uma linguagem cinematográfica, criando novos elementos para dar conta das diferentes artes e linguagens que se impõem nessas adaptações. / This work intends to discuss problems related to Anibal Machados literary works and the dialogues he established with the filmic art and in this way trying to define the large view of his poetics. The authors interest as fan and expert of the so called Seventh Art was fundamental to the assimilation he processed in his fictional works. So one of the aspects observed in this analyses includes the authors attempt to reproduce techniques and proceedings of the cinematographic language with keeping its roots in practices of the European Avant-garde and in the Brazilian Modernism. This mentioned attempt is firstly present in João Ternura, a book he started writing by 1926 and only finished in 1964 soon before his death, and in which he exposes the linking with the Brazilian modernist project. In this case the approach he established between his literary writing and the filmic proceedings was limited to the act of assembling discontinuous narrative sequences. But different approaches to the filmic narrative were explored in his short-stories being A morte da porta-estandarte the most relevant example of the various ways he tried to absorb the cinematographic language. So from different angles of viewing and discontinuous acts of assembling Aníbal Machado tried to explore the field of the images, movements and sonorities. As a second part this work examines a specific element, focusing the famous character created by Charles Chaplin, Charlie, but also trying to capture the general burlesque aspect of the cinema in the work of Aníbal Machado. So it is showed that in the authors fiction there is a gallery of characters distinguished by its innocence, by the dream and by irrational aspects that lead to Charlies universe and is also influenced by the European Avant-garde, mainly the Surrealism, that Aníbal Machado once declared its adoption. The references to Chaplins filmography will be also stressed by means of the ironical approach of the narrator as well as the comic and the dramatic aspects. In the authors fiction it is marked the presence of the corporal movement related to innocence and tenderness of some characters that due to this kind of acting are slaughtered by the rigidness of social rules and conventions. And so it results in irrationalism represented by the burlesque as a refusal to be submitted to the social rules. The research is still enlarged by other activities of Aníbal Machado related to the Seventh Art. In this case the focus was directed to the beginning of the 50s when the A. Machado was invited by the cinematographic Companhia Vera Cruz to help in the writing of scripts and also asked to adapt some of his own short-stories. Among them are A morte da porta-estandarte, O telegrama de Ataxerxes and O piano, though none of them was filmed. In this part the intention is to expose the context in which the Aníbals work of fiction is included trying to situate it in the history of the Brazilian cinema. Finally, we try to appreciate and discuss reasons way at that time the filmic industry was interested in adapting Aníbals short-stories. So it was developed a comparative approach between A morte da porta-estandarte and two versions of its respective summary. The same was developed between O telegrama de Ataxerxes and a script based on this short-story. In both cases it is tried to show ways the author used to translate his fictional stories to a filmic language thus creating new elements to adapt different arts and languages.

Esta dissertação procurou lançar diferentes interpretações sobre a forma como a cidade foi re-presentada nas revistas Klaxon (1922), Martín Fierro (1924), Revista de Antropofagia (1928) e Sur (1931), publicadas em São Paulo e em Buenos Aires por grupos considerados parte das vanguardas literárias na América Latina. Partindo-se das leituras decorrentes da Escola da De-pendência, perpassando os Estudos Culturais Urbanos e chegando às teorias Pós-Coloniais (sempre dentro da relação entre a crítica literária e a história urbana), buscou-se questionar a ideia de modernidade à qual se habituou associar a conformação das cidades latino-americanas no início do século XX. Com isso, pretende-se demonstrar como a multiplicidade de olhares existente nas diferentes abordagens historiográficas adotadas, mais do que se contraporem ou se substituírem, se complementam, gerando uma riqueza de análise que permite uma constante reinterpretação dos episódios históricos; análise que, feita sobre o conteúdo da fonte primária, pode ser projetada no presente contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão da nossa condição atual. Assim, se em um primeiro momento a leitura das representações urbanas pode apresentar cidades aparentemente homogeneízadas, aos poucos elas são destituídas das interpretações esta-belecidas pela história moderna, apontando para matizes culturais próprios; paralelamente, a identificação das suas semelhanças deixam de corresponder a um ideal de modernidade univer-sal para sugerir a existência de uma estrutura narrativa construída para ocultar as ferramentas de dominação cultural próprias da sociedade moderna burguesa herdeira do sistema colonialista. / This work intends to do different interpretations of how the city was represented in magazines Klaxon (1922), Martín Fierro (1924), Revista de Antropofagia (1928) e Sur (1931), published in São Paulo and Buenos Aires by groups considered part of the Avant-garde Literature in Latin America. Starting from the Dependence School readings, passing through the Urban Cultural Studies and reaching the Post-colonial theories (always within the relationship between literary criticism and urban history), we sought to question the idea of modernity, often associated with the formation of Latin American cities in the early twentieth century. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate how the multiplicity of perspectives in the different historiographical approach-es, rather than contradict or replace, they complement each other, generating a wealth of analy-sis that allows a constant reinterpretation of historical events. This analysis, done on the content of selected texts, can be projected into the present contributing to a better understanding of our present condition. So, if the first impression upon the urban representations is that they may have apparently homogenized cities, they are gradually devoid of all the established interpreta-tions by modern history, pointing to cultural nuances. At the same time, the similarities between them suggest the existence of a narrative structure built to hide the tools of cultural domination belonging to the modern bourgeois society, heiress of the colonial system.