This dissertation is a comparative study of the Russian and Czech avant-gardes and their responses to the crises of representation and artistic language in the first decades of the 20th century. In particular, it examines the theoretical and creative output of two artists who worked at the intersection of the word and image: the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky and the visual artist Karel Teige. Both artists were central figures in the founding and theoretical articulation of Russian Futurism and Czech Poetism, respectively. The chapters trace these artists’ artistic evolutions, from their earliest conceptions of a crisis in art to the development of solutions for overcoming this crisis. The theoretical and creative output of these figures is examined both within the artists’ individual oeuvres, as well as in light of their respective artistic movements and the broader tendencies of the international avant-garde. Chapter 1 traces Mayakovsky’s response to the crisis from his initial impulse toward abstraction, characteristic of the Russian Cubo-Futurist movement in the verbal and visual arts more broadly, to the introduction of a political agenda into his art. On the basis of Mayakovsky’s participation in collective Futurist publications, his individually authored theoretical essays, and narrative poems, this chapter argues that the poet’s solution to the crisis of language coalesced around the possibility of realizing democratic representation in art. The chapter shows that in poems written between 1914 and 1921, Mayakovsky was concerned with the question of how to accommodate others’ voices in lyric poetry, how to allow them to speak in and through his works. His vision of a more democratic form of representation necessitated the poet’s metaphorical self-sacrifice, which he repeatedly performed in his poems on the level of plot. This sacrifice enabled him to realize his vision of democratic representation in the idea of collective authorship performed in his narrative poem 150,000,000. Chapter 2 highlights Karel Teige’s response to the crisis of artistic language and representation in his theoretical essays and artworks. By contrast to Mayakovsky’s politicized response, Teige prioritized formal innovation. More specifically, this chapter argues that Teige viewed the fusion of the word and image in a multimedia art form as a solution to the parallel crises that afflicted the visual and the verbal arts. This desired fusion remained a constant of Teige’s artistic solutions throughout the 1920s. His first attempts to overcome the crisis are contained in the Poetist conception of “image poetry,” which incorporated words, painted images, photographs, and other materials. The photograph, understood as a direct imprint of reality, introduced the element of the real into image poetry and thereby transfigured the word and image. After image poetry, Teige went on to replay his formal solution to the crisis of representation in another fused form—the typophoto, which was integrated into the experimental multimedia book ABCs (1926). The introduction and conclusion frame these case studies in terms of the broader trends that inform the artistic experiments of these figures. More specifically, the introductory chapter grapples with questions of how the crisis of language and representation at the turn of the 20th century can be conceptualized. Arguing that the artistic experimentation of the 1910s and the 1920s represents a continuity of what Foucault calls the modern episteme, the introduction at the same time seeks to address the fissures and breaks represented by abstraction in art and the proto-structuralist understanding of the sign in linguistics. The conclusion addresses the role of figurative language in the articulation of the crisis and maintains that while the language of crisis was productive for artistic experiment, it confined the avant-garde to perpetual renewal of forms and artistic language.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 William Golino.pdf: 22459041 bytes, checksum: 405b5d6c2e2313724a978a19439ac51a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The portrait, like any image, is one form of specific ideology of the image field, irreducible, different from the ideologies of other fields, such as politics, literary, etc. Therefore, it is an image ideology, it means, a relatively coherent visual set of beliefs, values and representations, produced by the representative of the social class that commissions and uses it, inseparable from economy, politics and morals. By means of its forms, the portrait presents and represents the global interests and needs of the class, as well as, the particular interests and needs of the class sectors involved in its production, propagation and storage. The main way to explain it is through the analysis of composition, stylistic techniques, materials, dimensions and other original data, historically fixed. Hypothesis: The portrait is constituent to the social relations. Justification: To explain its historical insertion. Theoretical and methodological aspects: Analysis of the integration between artistic and non-artistic forms and contents. Objective: To demonstrate the ideological character of the portrait. Obtained results: The portrait forms determine their aesthetic and plastic meanings, integrated with other ambits of life, for instance, the modern portrait has modern forms while the classic and academic portrait has classic and academic forms / O retrato, como qualquer imagem, é uma forma de ideologia específica do campo imagético, irredutível, diferente das ideologias de outros campos, tais como o político, literário, etc., portanto, é uma ideologia imagética, ou seja, um conjunto visual, relativamente coerente, de crenças, valores e representações, produzido pelo representante da classe social que o encomenda e utiliza, indissociável de economia, política e moral. Por meio de suas formas, o retrato apresenta e representa os interesses e necessidades globais de classe e particulares dos setores de classes envolvidos em sua produção, veiculação e guarda. O principal meio para explicá-lo é a análise de composição, técnicas estilísticas, materiais, dimensões e outros dados originais, historicamente fixados. Hipótese: O retrato é constituinte às relações sociais. Justificativa: Explicar sua inserção histórica. Aspectos teórico-metodológicos: Análise da integração entre formas e conteúdos artísticos e não artísticos. Objetivo: Evidenciar o caráter ideológico do retrato. Resultados obtidos: As formas do retrato determinam seus significados estéticos e plásticos, integrados aos outros âmbitos da vida, por exemplo, o retrato moderno tem formas modernas, enquanto o retrato clássico e acadêmico tem formas clássicas e acadêmicas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Duarte dos Santos.pdf: 1256700 bytes, checksum: 44d5133fbabf2c1aa412ab0033fb0748 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie / Tarsila do Amaral a été, à un âge précoce, éduquée dans un environnement dans lequel la culture française faisait partie des habitudes et des coutumes de la famille, même en vivant dans une ferme de café dans l'État de São Paulo. En tant qu'adulte, elle a renforcé son éducation intellectuelle et artistique dans les terres françaises, précisément à la capitale, Paris, au point haut de l'avant-garde, ayant en tant que mentors, en particulier, les artistes cubistes. Cette recherche vise à observer le dialogue culturel entre le Brésil et la France à travers mouvements artistiques et littéraires qui a eu lieu dans ces deux pays dans les années 20: avant-garde européenne et brésilienne, ou mieux, examiner le dialogue organisé par Tarsila do Amaral entre contexte français et brésilien, dans sa carrière en tant que chroniqueur, ainsi que les relations qui sont établies entre le soi et l'autre dans les processus discursifs mis en place historiquement par des sujets différents. À cette fin, pour composer le corpus ont été choisies onze chroniques que Tarsila do Amaral a publiées dans le journalDiário de S.Paulo, entre les années 1936 à 1956, et rééditées dans l'anthologie organisée par Laura Taddei Brandini en 2008. / Tarsila do Amaral foi, desde tenra idade, educada em um ambiente no qual a cultura francesa fazia parte dos hábitos e costumes da família, mesmo residindo numa fazenda cafeeira no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Quando adulta, aprimorou a sua formação intelectual e artística em terras francesas, precisamente na capital, Paris, no auge das vanguardas e tendo como principais mentores os artistas cubistas. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de verificar o diálogo cultural entre Brasil e França por meio dos movimentos artístico-literários, ocorridos nos dois países, na década de 20: vanguarda europeia e modernismo brasileiro; ou melhor, analisar o diálogo intermediado por Tarsila do Amaral entre o contexto francês e o brasileiro, em sua trajetória como cronista, bem como as relações que se instauram entre o eu e o outro nos processos discursivos instituídos historicamente pelos diferentes sujeitos. Para tanto, foram selecionadas para o corpus desse trabalho 11 crônicas de Tarsila do Amaral publicadas no jornal Diário de S. Paulo entre os anos de 1936 e 1956, e republicadas na antologia organizada por Laura Taddei Brandini, em 2008.

Esta dissertação procurou lançar diferentes interpretações sobre a forma como a cidade foi re-presentada nas revistas Klaxon (1922), Martín Fierro (1924), Revista de Antropofagia (1928) e Sur (1931), publicadas em São Paulo e em Buenos Aires por grupos considerados parte das vanguardas literárias na América Latina. Partindo-se das leituras decorrentes da Escola da De-pendência, perpassando os Estudos Culturais Urbanos e chegando às teorias Pós-Coloniais (sempre dentro da relação entre a crítica literária e a história urbana), buscou-se questionar a ideia de modernidade à qual se habituou associar a conformação das cidades latino-americanas no início do século XX. Com isso, pretende-se demonstrar como a multiplicidade de olhares existente nas diferentes abordagens historiográficas adotadas, mais do que se contraporem ou se substituírem, se complementam, gerando uma riqueza de análise que permite uma constante reinterpretação dos episódios históricos; análise que, feita sobre o conteúdo da fonte primária, pode ser projetada no presente contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão da nossa condição atual. Assim, se em um primeiro momento a leitura das representações urbanas pode apresentar cidades aparentemente homogeneízadas, aos poucos elas são destituídas das interpretações esta-belecidas pela história moderna, apontando para matizes culturais próprios; paralelamente, a identificação das suas semelhanças deixam de corresponder a um ideal de modernidade univer-sal para sugerir a existência de uma estrutura narrativa construída para ocultar as ferramentas de dominação cultural próprias da sociedade moderna burguesa herdeira do sistema colonialista. / This work intends to do different interpretations of how the city was represented in magazines Klaxon (1922), Martín Fierro (1924), Revista de Antropofagia (1928) e Sur (1931), published in São Paulo and Buenos Aires by groups considered part of the Avant-garde Literature in Latin America. Starting from the Dependence School readings, passing through the Urban Cultural Studies and reaching the Post-colonial theories (always within the relationship between literary criticism and urban history), we sought to question the idea of modernity, often associated with the formation of Latin American cities in the early twentieth century. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate how the multiplicity of perspectives in the different historiographical approach-es, rather than contradict or replace, they complement each other, generating a wealth of analy-sis that allows a constant reinterpretation of historical events. This analysis, done on the content of selected texts, can be projected into the present contributing to a better understanding of our present condition. So, if the first impression upon the urban representations is that they may have apparently homogenized cities, they are gradually devoid of all the established interpreta-tions by modern history, pointing to cultural nuances. At the same time, the similarities between them suggest the existence of a narrative structure built to hide the tools of cultural domination belonging to the modern bourgeois society, heiress of the colonial system.

This thesis presents a conceptual examination of the modernist director read through Gillian Rose's speculative lenses of the 'broken middle'. Highlighting the significance of speculative philosophy, I explore the meaning of the director as a mediating subjectivity. I demonstrate how a speculative reading of the director can act as a corrective to the received totalitarian, despotic image of the director. I urge for the rehabilitation of the director as a history and as a practice and I propose the emergence of this figure as being the outcome of a complex theatrical articulation entangled with the discipline of philosophy. Combining close readings of philosophical texts by Rose, Plato, Castoriadis, Badiou, Rancière, Laclau and Mouffe, among several other intellectual references in this study, I explore the director as a mode or trope of embodied philosophy. My argument also proposes the director as an Event, in Badiou's definition, and I trace this configuration as already taking place with the 'tragic' paradigm of the Athenian theatre. This Event of the director, I then argue, gets fully inaugurated in modernism as the Event of thought in theatre. I explore how the director acting as a mediator transforms theatre to what Puchner calls 'a theatre of ideas' while simultaneously philosophy becomes itself transformed to a theatre of thought. Chapter 1 outlines the key strands of Rose's thought and sets out the theoretical parameters of my examination. The chapter argues for a speculative reading of the director cross-examined with current positions within theatre historiography. The chapter paves a new understanding of the director, not historically, but conceptually, as a mode of embodied thought. Chapter 2 explores the relationship between the primacy and centrality of the aesthetic paradigm of theatre in philosophy and the role and practice of the poet - or 'chorodidaskalos' - who I consider as an early philosophical figuration of the modern director. I highlight speculative 'aporia' which in Rose indicates a path 'without a path' as the primary modality of thinking philosophically, already at work in tragedy, that renders the modernist director as a theatrical thinker. Chapter 3 puts forward the case of the director's mediating subjectivity by arguing for the Event of the director. I analyse Badiou's philosophy of the Event, making connections to speculative philosophy and illuminating the Evental dimension of this figure. Chapter 4 moves the examination to the Event of the director that I locate in Richard Wagner. My reading explores the philosophical dimension of Wagner as an artist and a thinker by which I rehabilitate his overtly negative image. I do this by reading Left Hegelianism, and anarchist philosophy more broadly, in Wagner's operatic works, writings, and political activism. Chapter 5 examines the 'speculative director' in the aesthetic project of Naturalism and Realism. The chapter includes a published section by which I explore the political mode of the director indirectly, by examining the articulatory discourse in Laclau and Mouffe's definition and the practice of affirmation. Chapter 6 looks at the avant-garde manifesto as a form of meta-language that seeks to actively re-shape theatre and the world as embodied, declaimed philosophy. The chapter repositions the avant-garde's aesthetic preoccupation with failure as a profoundly transformative project rather than as being incomplete. The included published article examines more closely the affinity between the Spartacus Manifesto by Rose Luxemburg (philosophy) and the more politicized forms of the Dada Berlin manifesto art (theatre). Chapter 7 is the concluding chapter by which I argue the case of the director finally having entered the theatre as a philosopher; that is, through Bertolt Brecht.

The use and firing of clay to make art instead of vessels was a revolutionary concept in Japan when it first was introduced by Hayashi Yasuo in 1948 with Cloud, and expanded upon by Yagi Kazuo in 1954 with Mr. Samsa’s Walk. Although both avant-garde artists were major forces in the advancement of abstract, nonfunctional ceramics, Yagi is usually given sole credit and occupies a prominent place in the literature, while Hayashi’s name can scarcely be found, despite his numerous international awards, large body of work and career spanning seven decades. This thesis seeks to identify the factors that influenced the direction of their careers and the unbalanced reception of their work. It compares their backgrounds, personality traits, avant-garde affiliations, and positions on art and ceramics, in relation to the norms and prerequisites for success in Kyoto’s deeply stratified, convention-bound ceramic community. The pervasive practice of rating and society’s emphasis on affiliation and rank were significant forces in this situation, as were issues that divided Japan’s art world -- the separation and unequal ranking of fine art and traditional craft, or the value of individual expression versus technique and tradition. Ultimately, this study reveals an insular world during a decade (1946–56) of crisis and transition that is rarely studied in the West from the perspective of ceramic art.

This research project explores a direction in the formation of sound and image. In the creation of a series of 'moving paintings' I bring together pieces of moving image and sound using techniques derived from musique concr??te. I have coined the term 'moving painting' to describe these sound/image objects that have grown out of an attention to the form, activity, rhythm and texture of sound and image. This project develops from an understanding that sound and image can be constructed on their own terms as opposed to being organised by specific plot devices. This text offers a context for the formation of these moving paintings and outlines the systems of construction that bring them forth from noise. Firstly, I identify sound and its emergence from noise. Secondly, I address the formation of sound into music within a community. And lastly, I use these ideas to form systems for organising visual imagery. In doing this, I present a series of audiovisual works in which sound and image are woven together to form moving paintings.

Agustín Espinosa (1897-1939) fut un auteur célèbre à son époque puis oublié sous le franquisme. Son œuvre s'adapte à tous les courants culturels de son temps : du modernisme de ses poèmes de jeunesse, aux avant-gardes espagnoles –inspirées par La déshumanisation de l'art d'Ortega y Gasset-, en passant par le surréalisme français et, enfin, par le style d'inspiration fasciste –durant la guerre civile-. Cette Thèse a récupéré toutes les collaborations d'Espinosa aux journaux phalangistes, qui n'avaient jamais été rééditées après sa mort, afin de les analyser au même titre que l'ensemble de ses articles d'avant-guerre, dans le but de démontrer que l'écriture d'Espinosa garde une véritable unicité. Certes, malgré un parcours éclectique, Espinosa fait preuve dans tous ces textes d'une grande inventivité stylistique et d'une érudition sans bornes. L'homogénéité de sa prose découle aussi des mythes qui inspirent Espinosa et des métamorphoses qu'il leur impose, créant ainsi un système littéraire qui véhicule sa vision du monde. L'on a donc étudié les mythes d'Espinosa et leurs métamorphoses par rapport à l'espace –contextes littéraire et géographique-, aux idéologies –« casticisme » et extrémismes politiques- et à la représentation des mythes littéraires –des animaux, des hommes et des femmes-. Ce schéma d'analyse se veut le plus exhaustif possible, tenant compte de la complexité d'Espinosa, un auteur radical et obscur, même si l'on a bien conscience de ne pas avoir pu résoudre toutes les énigmes que son œuvre continue de poser.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to investigate modern influence in the painting <em>Strömkarlen</em>, by Ernst Josephson. <em>Strömkarlen</em> was painted 1884 in Norway. First the essay performed an investigation of earlier researchers statements to establish a ”common truth” that puts the painting in a realistic/naturalistic-romantic context. With the help of Yve-Alain Bois’ model, where he sees art from the painters point of wiew, it was possible to use two articles, written by Ernst Josephson in the fall of 1884, where he debates the conditions for art and artists in Sweden. By combining visual and textual interpretation, using a historical context, it is possible to see modern influence in <em>Strömkarlen</em>. Ernst Josephson wanted free and subjective art and artists, in opposition to the state controlled art system that existed in Sweden in the end of 19th century. <em>Strömkarlen</em> and the articles can also be seen as a combined proclamation for a new, free and modern art and what it could look like in a Scandinavian context. </p>

The purpose of this essay is to investigate modern influence in the painting Strömkarlen, by Ernst Josephson. Strömkarlen was painted 1884 in Norway. First the essay performed an investigation of earlier researchers statements to establish a ”common truth” that puts the painting in a realistic/naturalistic-romantic context. With the help of Yve-Alain Bois’ model, where he sees art from the painters point of wiew, it was possible to use two articles, written by Ernst Josephson in the fall of 1884, where he debates the conditions for art and artists in Sweden. By combining visual and textual interpretation, using a historical context, it is possible to see modern influence in Strömkarlen. Ernst Josephson wanted free and subjective art and artists, in opposition to the state controlled art system that existed in Sweden in the end of 19th century. Strömkarlen and the articles can also be seen as a combined proclamation for a new, free and modern art and what it could look like in a Scandinavian context.