The 1916 Easter Rising was the watershed political moment of the modern Irish Nation. Padraig Pearse, along with his co-conspirators, initiated an event that dramatically affected the Celtic Revival literary movement. Prior to the rebellion, Pearse left a calculated literary legacy through pamphlets, broadsides, and poems. His most notable contribution to print nationalism was the text of The Easter Proclamation, but the poems he wrote prior to his execution are important contributions to the modern Irish elegiac tradition. Poets took to their work with renewed political fervor and used elegiac forms to mourn the dead and subvert the rhetoric of imperialism. This study focuses on the modern Irish elegy, but also records the creation and reception of Pearse’s documents and actions. Beginning with his political pamphlets, speeches, and poetry, this paper examines how Pearse’s legacy in print impacted the elegiac tradition in Ireland. While it would be impossible to examine every elegy directly influenced by the Easter Rising in this short paper, it is useful to examine disparate elegiac viewpoints on this historical event. Initially tracing the historical production of The Easter Proclamation and Pearse’s series of separatist pamphlets, this exploration shifts to Pearse’s self-elegies and the elegies written by his acquaintances and contemporaries. Yeats is the obvious starting point for Republican elegies, but I will also explore the shifting poetics and elegiac tropes present in the poems of AE (George Russell), and Francis Ledwidge. This paper does not seek to ignore or discredit the print legacy of the other leaders of the Rising (notably Connolly, MacDonagh, and Markiewicz), but focuses on Pearse because of his print legacy and political importance. / text

This dissertation seeks to capture Muhammad's emergence as Prophet. It starts from the premise that he located himself as a Prophet within a fraternity of prophethood. More specifically he has seen his work as a continuation of the Biblical prophetic tradition. However he has stressed his election as correcting what has been altered in this Biblical tradition. Muhammad: A prophet of God argues that he has as prophet the same defining elements as Biblical prophets; as result we must not criticise him unnecessarily, that is, for the sake of fitting him into our categories. Muhammad must be seen terms of his experiences. In addition we must capture his contribution to humanity. / Religious Studies & Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)

This dissertation seeks to capture Muhammad's emergence as Prophet. It starts from the premise that he located himself as a Prophet within a fraternity of prophethood. More specifically he has seen his work as a continuation of the Biblical prophetic tradition. However he has stressed his election as correcting what has been altered in this Biblical tradition. Muhammad: A prophet of God argues that he has as prophet the same defining elements as Biblical prophets; as result we must not criticise him unnecessarily, that is, for the sake of fitting him into our categories. Muhammad must be seen terms of his experiences. In addition we must capture his contribution to humanity. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)

Many Christians, including Christian leaders, are spiritually blind. They do not understand the purpose and implication of Jesus' Coming for each of His followers. So often Christians seek self-interest and their own honour and are not in the least concerned about their fellow believers and fellow man. They do not live up to God's purpose with them. The main research problem of this study is: "What is the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The main objective of this study is to determine what the implication is of the ? of Jesus in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark. The specific question posed. in Chapter 2 is the following: "What research has been done with reference to the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" Research has shown that the disciples are portrayed negatively in the Gospel of Mark. Researchers offer different explanations for this negative portrayal of the disciples. There is concensus among researchers that this specific portrayal of the disciples should be explained from the angle of Christology and discipleship. This study examines the negative portrayal of the disciples focusing on the ? of Jesus and the discipleship of His followers. The intention is to propose an answer to the calling of each follower in the missionary church. Research has further shown that discipleship is not limited to the twelve disciples only, but includes all followers of Jesus. The specific question posed in Chapter 3 is the following: "What is the relevance of the socio-historic and literary context of the Gospel of Mark for this study regarding the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The socio-historic context indicates that the adressees of the Gospel of Mark probably suffered persecution. The relevance of the socio-historic context can be read from the fact that the author of the Gospel of Mark encourages the adressees in their unique situation(s) en guides them on their response as followers. This corresponds with Jesus' discipleship calling to bear one's own cross. From the literary context it becomes clear that the central discipleship section in Mark 8:27-10:52 forms a structural unit in the Gospel of Mark. Christology and discipleship are central themes in Mark 8:27- 10:52. These two themes are directly related to the implication of the ? of Jesus in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The literary context also shows that the Gospel of Mark is a dramatic, apocalyptic, eschatologic narrative that is also a biography. As a biography of Jesus, the Gospel of Mark focuses on Jesus as Subject who serves, but also on his disciples who must deny themselves and serve God. The specific question posed in Chapter 4 is the following: "What is the relevance of the revelation-historic context of the "Son of man" enunciations in Mark 8:27-10:52 for the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark? In Chapter 4 it is shown that the "Son of man" enunciations should be understood within the revelation-historical relation between the Old and the New Testament. Jesus proclaims Himself, amongst other titles in the Gospel of Mark as the Son of man. The Son of man is a glorious and kingly figure (cf Dan 7:13 & 14), .but also a humble figure who suffers (cf Isaiah Jes 40-55; Sagaria; the Psalms). It is further more important to realize that there is a relationship between the Messiah and His servants in the Old Testament and the Son of man and his followers in the Gospel of Mark. The specific question, posed in Chapter 5 is the following: "What is the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" It is shown from Mark 8:27-9:1 that the ? of Jesus has redemptive, discipleship, as well as judgemental implication. Following Jesus means to serve Him as believer and saved person. Following Jesus is to serve Jesus and God with the same attitude as Jesus served His Father and people. It is shown from Mark 9:30-37 that humble and loving service is necessary between leaders and all followers. This service should be specifically aimed at the least ones in the community of faith. Humble service towards one another and the least ones is not degraded. It is extremely important work because it is at the same time service towards Jesus and God. At the feet of the least in church and society we receive the most humble Servant and our Supreme God, the most important of all. It is shown from Mark 10:32-45 that selfish behaviour and pride among leaders must be replaced with a humble attitude and submission to God, fellow believers and fellow man." This discipleship has its origin in the reconciliatory work of Jesus. It is shown from Mark 10:46-52 that Jesus sent people to the outsiders and sufferers along the road to call them to Him. His aim is to save them that they may join and serve Him and others. In Chapter 6 this study reaches its conclusion. God had according to the Gospel of Mark a specific purpose with the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation. Through His word proclamation Jesus reveals the will of His Father who sent Him to earth. This message of the Kingdom of God is a message of hope. Through His deed proclamation Jesus brings salvation to many people. The life of Jesus was a life of humble, sacrificing and loving service. His service makes their service possible. He calls all His followers to serve God until! He comes again. Every believer is a follower of Jesus and part of the missionary church as fishers of men. Each believer is sent out in the world with the sacrificing love of Jesus to serve God, fellow believers, his fellow man especially the least ones and those who suffer. Leaders and followers should live according to the same principle: Follow Jesus by serving God and your fellow man. Every follower is a servant not only at the feet of the least ones and those who suffer, but also at the feet of the greatest Servant and our Supreme God. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

Many Christians, including Christian leaders, are spiritually blind. They do not understand the purpose and implication of Jesus' Coming for each of His followers. So often Christians seek self-interest and their own honour and are not in the least concerned about their fellow believers and fellow man. They do not live up to God's purpose with them. The main research problem of this study is: "What is the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The main objective of this study is to determine what the implication is of the ? of Jesus in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark. The specific question posed. in Chapter 2 is the following: "What research has been done with reference to the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" Research has shown that the disciples are portrayed negatively in the Gospel of Mark. Researchers offer different explanations for this negative portrayal of the disciples. There is concensus among researchers that this specific portrayal of the disciples should be explained from the angle of Christology and discipleship. This study examines the negative portrayal of the disciples focusing on the ? of Jesus and the discipleship of His followers. The intention is to propose an answer to the calling of each follower in the missionary church. Research has further shown that discipleship is not limited to the twelve disciples only, but includes all followers of Jesus. The specific question posed in Chapter 3 is the following: "What is the relevance of the socio-historic and literary context of the Gospel of Mark for this study regarding the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The socio-historic context indicates that the adressees of the Gospel of Mark probably suffered persecution. The relevance of the socio-historic context can be read from the fact that the author of the Gospel of Mark encourages the adressees in their unique situation(s) en guides them on their response as followers. This corresponds with Jesus' discipleship calling to bear one's own cross. From the literary context it becomes clear that the central discipleship section in Mark 8:27-10:52 forms a structural unit in the Gospel of Mark. Christology and discipleship are central themes in Mark 8:27- 10:52. These two themes are directly related to the implication of the ? of Jesus in word- and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" The literary context also shows that the Gospel of Mark is a dramatic, apocalyptic, eschatologic narrative that is also a biography. As a biography of Jesus, the Gospel of Mark focuses on Jesus as Subject who serves, but also on his disciples who must deny themselves and serve God. The specific question posed in Chapter 4 is the following: "What is the relevance of the revelation-historic context of the "Son of man" enunciations in Mark 8:27-10:52 for the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark? In Chapter 4 it is shown that the "Son of man" enunciations should be understood within the revelation-historical relation between the Old and the New Testament. Jesus proclaims Himself, amongst other titles in the Gospel of Mark as the Son of man. The Son of man is a glorious and kingly figure (cf Dan 7:13 & 14), .but also a humble figure who suffers (cf Isaiah Jes 40-55; Sagaria; the Psalms). It is further more important to realize that there is a relationship between the Messiah and His servants in the Old Testament and the Son of man and his followers in the Gospel of Mark. The specific question, posed in Chapter 5 is the following: "What is the implication of the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation in the Gospel of Mark?" It is shown from Mark 8:27-9:1 that the ? of Jesus has redemptive, discipleship, as well as judgemental implication. Following Jesus means to serve Him as believer and saved person. Following Jesus is to serve Jesus and God with the same attitude as Jesus served His Father and people. It is shown from Mark 9:30-37 that humble and loving service is necessary between leaders and all followers. This service should be specifically aimed at the least ones in the community of faith. Humble service towards one another and the least ones is not degraded. It is extremely important work because it is at the same time service towards Jesus and God. At the feet of the least in church and society we receive the most humble Servant and our Supreme God, the most important of all. It is shown from Mark 10:32-45 that selfish behaviour and pride among leaders must be replaced with a humble attitude and submission to God, fellow believers and fellow man." This discipleship has its origin in the reconciliatory work of Jesus. It is shown from Mark 10:46-52 that Jesus sent people to the outsiders and sufferers along the road to call them to Him. His aim is to save them that they may join and serve Him and others. In Chapter 6 this study reaches its conclusion. God had according to the Gospel of Mark a specific purpose with the ? of Jesus in word and deed proclamation. Through His word proclamation Jesus reveals the will of His Father who sent Him to earth. This message of the Kingdom of God is a message of hope. Through His deed proclamation Jesus brings salvation to many people. The life of Jesus was a life of humble, sacrificing and loving service. His service makes their service possible. He calls all His followers to serve God until! He comes again. Every believer is a follower of Jesus and part of the missionary church as fishers of men. Each believer is sent out in the world with the sacrificing love of Jesus to serve God, fellow believers, his fellow man especially the least ones and those who suffer. Leaders and followers should live according to the same principle: Follow Jesus by serving God and your fellow man. Every follower is a servant not only at the feet of the least ones and those who suffer, but also at the feet of the greatest Servant and our Supreme God. / Thesis (Ph.D. (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

This thesis explores and examines the concept of the threefold Word of God in the theology of Karl Barth, particularly the third form of the Word of God, the gospel proclamation, and argues that this tertiary form of the Word of God is central to Barth’s own theology of the church. This thesis argues that Karl Barth revised the concept of the threefold Word of God in the later volumes of the Church Dogmatics, but did not seek to reject the concept nor reject Christ’s presence and God’s speech in the gospel declaration and in the life of the Christian community. This thesis argues that the threefold Word of God is a crucial element in Karl Barth’s vision of the church and an important theme for the whole of his theological project. Disregarded by the field of Barth studies and rejected by modern ecclesiologists, Barth’s description of the gospel declaration and its central role in the life together of the Christian community offers an important ecclesiological alternative to carry forward for both Reformed theology and modern ecclesiology. This dissertation makes three significant contributions. First, this thesis is the first of its kind to engage comprehensively with Karl Barth’s concept of the threefold Word of God and to make clear its later revision. Second, this dissertation offers a review of the contemporary scholarly literature related to Barth’s revision of the threefold Word of God, and addresses the theological and ecclesiological implications of this revision. Third, this dissertation makes a contribution to the fields of Barth studies and contemporary ecclesiology by arguing for the central place of the third form of the Word of God in Karl Barth’s conception of the Christian community.

Thesis refers to the topic of differences in depth of experiencing the faith. It attempts to point out the importance of continuous self-consecration and building relationship with God. Evangelization is the main responsibility of the Church. It is aimed within the Church to ensure the spiritual growth of the faithful and also beyond to spread the glad tidings. Thesis provides examples of these actions through the description of the selected evangelization programs as Koinonia John the Baptist, Light-Life movement, Parish Evangelization Cells, House of Prayer and the Alpha course.

Den svenska polisen styrs till stor del av reglerna stipulerade i polislag (1984:387). Däri återfinns bland annat de viktiga principerna om behov och proportionalitet som polisen måste beakta i all sitt arbete samt lagstödet som ger polisen befogenhet att använda våld. Vad gäller sådan våldsanvändning som innebär skjutvapenanvändning är det dock kungörelse (1969:84) om polisens användning av skjutvapen (skjutkungörelsen), en författning på förordningsnivå som är tillämplig.  Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka den reglering som styr polisens rätt att använda skjutvapen, framför allt den laga befogenheten, och att utifrån aktuell svenska lagstiftning belysa och kritiskt diskutera de eventuella svårigheter som regleringen ger upphov till. För att uppnå syftet har en rättsdogmatisk metod tillsammans med ett rättssociologiskt perspektiv använts och källorna har till stor de bestått av lagar, förordningar och förarbeten. Utöver detta har även material såsom doktrin, polisrapporter samt i begränsad mängd rättsfall använts.  För att en polis ska ha rätt att använda skjutvapen krävs att det görs inom de ramar som skjutkungörelsen anger. Denna reglering kan dock kritiseras på flera punkter. Förutom att den är gammal med över 50 år på nacken så är även det faktum att den befinner sig på förordningsnivå problematiskt med hänsyn till rättskällehierarkin. Vidare kan grunderna för skjutvapenanvändning och dessa grunders ordningsföljd i skjutkungörelsen kritiseras, särskilt vad gäller bestämmelsen som avser att ge polisen rätt att skjuta med laga befogenhet som stöd.  Sammantaget kan sägas att skjutkungörelsen är komplicerad och oöverskådlig, något som är extra allvarligt då den avser att användas i potentiellt pressade situationer. Att skjutkungörelsen är svår för den enskilde polisen att agera efter medför ofta att polisen inväntar en nödvärnssituation innan de skjuter. I en nödvärnssituation är både den skjutande polisen och personen mot vilken skott riktas mer stressade vilket i sin tur kan leda till att skadorna blir allvarligare eller till och med leder till att personen avlider något som eventuellt hade kunnat undvikas om polisen skjutit tidigare. Uppsatsens slutsats är således att regleringen som styr polisens rätt att skjuta inte är lämpligt utformad och att den, för den enskilde polisen skapar mer osäkerhet än vad den ger stöd. Denna reglering är därför i stort behov av en genomgripande omarbetning. / The Swedish police are largely governed by the rules stipulated in the Police Act, (polislag (1984:387). This includes the important principles of need and proportionality that the police must take into account in all their work, as well as the legal support that gives the police the power to use force. With regard to the use of force that involves the use of firearms, however, it is the firearms proclamation (kungörelse (1969:84) om polisens användning av skjutvapen), a statute at the decree level that is applicable. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the regulation that governs the police's right to use firearms, mainly the lawful authority, and to, based on current Swedish legislation, shed light on and critically discuss the possible difficulties that the regulation, mainly the firearms proclamation, gives rise to. To achieve the purpose, a legal dogmatic method has been used together with a legal sociological perspective and the sources have largely consisted of laws, decrees and legislative history. In addition to this, materials such as doctrine, police reports and a limited number of legal cases have also been used. In order for a police officer to have the right to use firearms, it must be done within the framework specified in the firearms proclamation. However, this regulation can be criticized on several points. In addition to that it is over 50 years old, the fact that it is at decree level is also problematic in respect of the legal source hierarchy. Furthermore, the grounds for the use of firearms and the order of these grounds in the firearms proclamation can be criticized, especially with regard to the provision which intends to give the police the right to fire with lawful authority as support. Overall, it can be said that the firearms proclamation is complicated and incalculable, something that is extra serious as it is intended to be used in potentially pressured situations. The fact that the firearms proclamation is difficult for the individual police to act on often means that the police chooses to wait for an emergency defense situation to occur before they shoot. In an emergency defense situation, both the shooting police and the person being shot at are more stressed, which in turn can lead to the injuries becoming more serious or even lead to the person dying. This is something that might have been possible to avoid if the police had fired earlier. The thesis' conclusion is thus that the regulation that governs the police's right to shoot is not appropriately designed and that, for the individual police, it creates more uncertainty than it provides support. This regulation is therefore in great need of a thorough revision.

Coutelle, Université Paris II Panthéon-Assas / En 1763, la Proclamation Royale crée quatre nouveaux gouvernements parmi les territoires qu’acquiert la Grande-Bretagne : la Province de Québec, la Floride Orientale, la Floride Occidentale et Grenade. La Proclamation prévoit que le droit anglais et les institutions britanniques y soient transférés. Le droit de conquête, encadré par la doctrine européenne et jusnaturaliste, garantit aux peuples conquis certains droits. De plus, les capitulations acceptées par les Britanniques et leur attitude durant le régime militaire laissent présager d’une certaine continuité juridique. Le transfert juridique et la création d’institutions britanniques varient beaucoup d’une colonie à l’autre, cela tient en grande partie à des contextes locaux très différents, qui conduisent à une application non-uniforme de la Proclamation Royale. L’intégration des populations conquises à la vie publique est facilitée par la conservation de tout ou partie de leur anciens droit et institutions, à condition que l’accès aux fonctions publiques soit permis aux Catholiques. Cette dynamique d’intégration se met en place au Québec, dès les premières années du règne britannique ; cependant, elle est très vite abandonnée en Floride, et finit par échouer brutalement à Grenade. En outre, la création d’assemblées représentatives, tel que prévu par la Proclamation Royale est difficile. Elle suscite des antagonismes entre les « vrais » sujets Britanniques et les peuples conquis, qui sont de « nouveaux » sujets, essentiellement Catholiques. Ces derniers ne peuvent, selon les lois de la Grande-Bretagne siéger dans ces assemblées. Cette période de transfert (1760-1783) interroge tous les champs juridiques, elle conduit à l’avènement d’un régime mixte, sui generis au Québec, et des régimes de plein transfert dans les trois autres colonies. Cette thèse concentre l’analyse sur les enjeux juridiques ; tout en faisant appel à d’autres perspectives, comme celles de la démographie, de l’économie, de la religion, et de la sociologie. Elle démontre comment se forment des systèmes juridiques mixtes à partir de deux systèmes qui se succèdent, ou bien comment le nouveau droit remplace totalement l’ancien. Dans le cas d’un remplacement total du droit, les Français se trouvent exclus du nouveau régime, et cela vaut plus largement pour les peuples conquis et colonisés mentionnés dans cette thèse, qu’ils soient Euro-américains ou Autochtones. / In 1763, the Royal Proclamation created four new governments among the territories acquired by Great Britain: the Province of Quebec, Eastern Florida, Western Florida and Grenada. The Proclamation stated that English law and British institutions would be transferred there. Yet, according to the law of conquest, framed by European and natural law doctrine, conquered peoples would be in some regards protected. Moreover, the capitulations accepted by the British and their attitude during the military regime foreshadowed a certain legal continuity. The legal transfer and the creation of British institutions varied greatly between these governments, due to very different local contexts, which lead to a non-uniform enforcement of the Royal Proclamation. The integration of the conquered populations into public life was made easier by the preservation of all or part of their ancient law and institutions, as long as Catholics were allowed to be involved in the institutions and public functions. This dynamic was set up in Quebec in the early years of British reign; however, it was soon abandoned in Florida, and ended up failing in Grenada. In addition, the creation of representative assemblies, as planned by the Royal Proclamation was difficult, it gave rise to conflicts between the "real" British subjects and the conquered peoples, who were called "new" subjects (mainly Catholics). According to the laws of Great Britain, the latter could not sit in those assemblies. This period of transfer (1760-1783) questioned all legal fields and led to the advent of a mixed, sui generis regime in Quebec and to a full transfer in the other three colonies. This thesis focuses on legal issues, while using other perspectives (such as demography, economics, religion, and sociology) if needed. It demonstrates how mixed legal systems were formed from two successive systems, or how the new law completely replaced the old one. Finally, the integration of the conquered peoples was tied with the preservation of their former legal system. In the event of a full change of law, the French would be excluded from the new regime and this would apply more widely to all the conquered and colonised peoples mentioned in this thesis, whether Euro-Americans or Native Americans.

Heber J. Grant: A Study of Gospel-Oriented Family RelationshipsRobert Richard Pommerening IIIDepartment of Religious Education, BYUMaster of ArtsUnder the direction of President Gordon B. Hinckley, the fifteenth president of TheChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Church released the document, The Family: AProclamation to the World. The Proclamation outlines core values of family life, which ifconsistently practiced can lead to successful family relationships. Through a study of hispersonal journals, letters, and recorded anecdotes from his life, these values can be identified inHeber J. Grants life. As one studies the Proclamation alongside President Grant (particularly theinteractions he had with his mother, wives and children), a portrayal of the man came into focusthat has not been previously scrutinized through scholarly work, Heber J. Grant as a family man.Chapter one begins with the special relationship Heber shared with his mother Rachel. Itoutlines some of the trials and successes they faced together. As Heber grew into manhood,chapter two focuses on his plural marriage relationships during era of the Edmunds-Tucker act. Itexplains some of the challenges the Grant family faced as they lived in a plural marriage during atime when plural marriages were deemed illegal. Chapter three highlights Heber as a care takerfor his aging mother, wives Lucy Stringham, Emily Wells, and numerous sick children. Thepractices of President Grant in the home, including holding Family Home Evening are exploredin chapter four. Chapter five emphasizes President Grants example of personal righteousnesswithin his familial relationships. The leisurely activities of the Grant family are emphasized inchapter six as Heber shared family vacations, cultural events, golf games, and even honeymoonswith his immediate and extended family. Chapter seven details the generosity of President Grantand his desire to share of his material wealth with family members, friends, and strangers. Theteachings of President Grant on the doctrine of the family as taught to the Church of Jesus Christof Latter-day Saints are presented in chapter eight. The final chapter concludes with the agingPresident nearing death and how his legacy of love and family devotion continued through hisliving relatives. This thesis provides research into how President Grant implemented principles of theFamily Proclamation in his own home. This research can serve as a model for members of TheChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints desiring to strengthen their relationships and unitywithin the family.