The present study involves the gathering of data and information on book publishing in Thailand and an attempt to systematically develop a data base on the book publishing industry. The research gives emphasis to the private sector which has recently been encouraged by the government to play a leading role in national development. Critical analysis of the findings serves as a basis for recommendations to promote and develop commercial book publishing. Almost all commercial book publishers in Thailand are based in the capital city of Bangkok. Regardless of the seemingly continuing emergence and disappearance of publishing houses, the number of publishers have been steadily increasing through the years. The newly established enterprises tend to be non-family business and could successfully compete in the market, gradually catching up with the older establishments. Most publishers are faced with problems relating to manuscripts, either quantitatively or qualitatively or both. The current general business practice is informal having no written agreement between publisher and author. It is an exception rather than a rule that books are edited by professional editors. Distribution remains a major issue in the development of the publishing industry. Consequently, publishers tend to carry out their own distribution as soon as it becomes economically feasible. It is noted that Thai women are active in book publishing with the average rate of female employment among the majority of publishers under study being slightly more than half of the total employment. Statistics on book production during the past two decades show an overall increase of more than 600 percent. Commercial publishers play an important role in the book publishing industry with commercial book production accounting for half or more of the total number of titles published, gradually increasing from slightly over 50 percent in 1981 to over 70 percent in 1986. The annual trade value is over 3,000 million bahts (US$ 124 million), with no less than 20,000 titles in circulation. The survey indicates average spending on books is less than 1 percent of earning. There appears to be a significant correlation between the GNP per capita and book production. The study reveals that in 1986 there was one book for every 2 to 3 people compared to one book for every 4 to 5 in 1977. The publishing industry has been serving mainly the local market and, as such, is significantly affected by government policy and planning. The National Library of Thailand and the Book Development Centre are the two major national organizations promoting book development in addition to the relevant professional associations. In anticipation of increasing potential market for commercial book, certain major recommendations are proposed to further develop the book publishing industry. These include: 1) Strengthening of the national machinery and professional organizations. 2) Systematic collection and publication of national statistics on book production. 3) Promotion of professional editorial in book publishing.

Uma visão global sobre a situação da indústria do livro no Brasil e suas tendências e a sugestão de um modelo de atuação empresarial e mercadológico para a atuação das editoras. Examina-se cada etapa do marketing editorial: desenvolvimento do produto, comunicação, vendas e distribuição. Sugestões para agentes de instãncias governamentais ou privadas do fomento da leitura e promoção do livro. / This study aims to identify the main international and Brazilian trends of the book publising industry in the context of digital transition; it proposes that the use of marketing fundamental concepts and tools is necessary and inevitable for the creation and consolidation of sustainable organizations in this segment; and it presents a decision and action model that comprehends the most relevant aspects of marketing and communication activities in the editorial area, focusing Brazilizan marketing conditions; and it offers inputs for the promotion and diffusion of the book in the governmental, institutional and business spheres.

The aim of this study is to examine the tension between 'commerce and culture' in the dynamic development of the Australian children's publishing industry, within the wider context of international children's publishing history. It aims to refute a commonly stated 'truism' - that the conflict between the cultural value of a book and the need to market it threatens the integrity of the authors, publishers and the books themselves. Instead, it demonstrates that the tension between cultural and commercial definitions of the book publisher's role lies at the heart of the dynamism which has fuelled the development of a publishing climate, and created really innovative publishing. Publishing has too often been examined as if the sole motive of the publisher should be to produce books of quality, and though this is certainly the primary objective of the publishers which are the focus in this study, it is imperative to recognize that the dissemination of 'quality' literature and cultural product has always been dependent upon the recognition of commercial strategies which are often naively dismissed as being opportunistic and even extraneous to the publisher's purpose. As this thesis endeavours to show, the pioneering efforts of John Newbery, the Religious Tract Society, E.W. Cole, Ward, Lock & Co., and Australia's first publisher Angus & Robertson and of later publishers such as Penguin, Scholastic, Lothian, Omnibus, Allen & Unwin and others, were founded just as much upon the shrewd recognition of a viable market as they were upon the aim to enrich young readers' lives. In fact it is the symbiotic partnership between these two objectives which has fuelled their successes and their failures. It is where publishers either steer a path paved only with good intentions or one paved entirely with gold that their enterprises generally falter. The study owes a significant debt to the achievements of those who have documented Australian children's publishing 'output' so assiduously - Maurice Saxby's groundbreaking histories (1969, 1971, 1993) and Marcie Muir and Kerry White's comprehensive bibliographical tools (1982, 1992). Contrary to those endeavours, though, this study'goes back-stage' to the area where the publishing 'action' happens. Consequently it does not provide a comprehensive overview of every publication or author; it does not cover every genre and style. Rather it is concerned to document the activities of publishers which have produced books for children in Australia, in brief, and to isolate key examples of publishing enterprises within this coverage which represent 'case studies' of the different types of companies which have played a successful part in publishing development. This work is intended to be of interest not simply to either children's literature or Australian literature theorists, but to book historians, and to media, cultural studies and entertainment industry theorists. It was based on a belief that cultural histories of this nature are valuable in tracking the growth of a society and also in demonstrating that creative endeavours are never simply that. They are the result of a complex interweaving of a variety of factors, and that therefore artists approach creativity 'at their peril' without first understanding something of the world into which they are entrusting their creations. Consequently there were several objectives in the study which were to: 1. contextualize Australian children's publishing within a history of children's publishing internationally, with particular reference to early commercial beginnings in Britain and to British Empire developments, but also with appropriate reference to growth in the USA; 2. contextualize Australian children's publishing within the broader range and expansion of the book publishing industry in Australia, particularly the latter's economic growth and cultural influence since WWII, but also including an overview of foundational developments from the nineteenth century; 3. contextualize Australian children's publishing within social, educational and cultural developments, such as the development of education programs, the expansion of public and school libraries, the changes in government policy related to children and books, shifting social attitudes towards the child, and the impact of entertainment and media industries; 4. examine the roles played by various individuals, especially publishers, managers, editors, marketers, booksellers, librarians, teachers and professional commentators in the development of the Australian children's publishing industry. Their roles will be analysed in the context of various industry-particular questions such as a) the oft-remarked upon tensions that exist in publishing, between for example, 'craft-like' and bureaucratic structures; b) the interplay between 'structure and agency' in the industry; c) the shift from a 'library market' to a 'mass market' under such influences as globalization and media; d) whether publishing is necessarily more 'Australian' if it is done by independent, rather than multinational companies; and e) the influence that the 'internal' structure of publishing has had on its development, e.g. the isolation of children's publishing from the mainstream, the predominance of women as agents in its development, and so on; 5. finally, discuss the implications of globalization since the 1970s, and posit future directions in the production, marketing and consumption of children's properties. This study examines the industry from a critical perspective relying not on the evaluation of quality as opposed to mass market literature, but viewing all forms of trade literature for children as part of a dynamic whole. It therefore traces the origins of publishing in English-language countries briefly first before examining the Australian situation, and shows that from the very beginning, publications for children have been the products of both altruistic and profit-driven objectives. It concentrates on the post-WWII period, on certain key enterprises and trends which have been particularly successful, suggesting that those publishing houses and those individuals within them who 'balance' commerce and culture with the most skill, are those who succeed in making 'good' books readily accessible to those for whom they have been created. This thesis celebrates the fact that children's publishers have always demonstrated an admirable combination of opportunism and idealism, the two characteristics which are essential to a successful publishing company. Australia has been fortunate in rearing several enterprising individuals whose early publishing attempts laid the ground for the currently successful houses. Without E.W. Cole, William Steele at Ward, Lock and Co., Frank Eyre at Oxford University Press, Andrew Fabinyi at Cheshire, Barbara Ker Wilson at Angus & Robertson, Anne Bower Ingram at William Collins, the later successes of key individuals at Penguin Books Australia, Scholastic Australia, Allen & Unwin, Lothian Books and Omnibus Books and countless others may not have been planted in such fertile ground. This study predicts that the future of Australian children's publishing lies in the recognition of the essential role played by commercial instincts in shaping cultural endeavours.

The book publishing industry experienced a period of drastic change during the final decades of the twentieth century. Small publishing companies consolidated and were purchased by large, profit-minded media conglomerates. The widespread adoption of digital media technologies prompted many questions about the very future of the book itself. Yet at the pinnacle of these changes, the American young adult publishing market gradually began to experience not a decline, but a renaissance. In this report, I explore ways that changes in book publishing have manifested themselves in contemporary young adult literature through two case studies. Are today’s young adult books works of literature or commercial products? Is their increased popularity due to widening readership or more savvy marketing? Are the companies producing them more concerned with the public good or their own profit margins? / text

Uma visão global sobre a situação da indústria do livro no Brasil e suas tendências e a sugestão de um modelo de atuação empresarial e mercadológico para a atuação das editoras. Examina-se cada etapa do marketing editorial: desenvolvimento do produto, comunicação, vendas e distribuição. Sugestões para agentes de instãncias governamentais ou privadas do fomento da leitura e promoção do livro. / This study aims to identify the main international and Brazilian trends of the book publising industry in the context of digital transition; it proposes that the use of marketing fundamental concepts and tools is necessary and inevitable for the creation and consolidation of sustainable organizations in this segment; and it presents a decision and action model that comprehends the most relevant aspects of marketing and communication activities in the editorial area, focusing Brazilizan marketing conditions; and it offers inputs for the promotion and diffusion of the book in the governmental, institutional and business spheres.

This thesis explores the Turkish book publishing industry within the framework of historical development of book publishing since Ottoman practice onwards and current structure of the Turkish book market. The aim of the thesis is to understand recent trends, developments, and problems in the Turkish book market, within its specific historical conditions and in a comparative method to the current structure of book publishing industry in developed countries where book publishing is a global business and highly integrated to other sectors of cultural commodity production. The hypothesis is that although there have been profound changes in the Turkish book publishing sector on the way towards industrialization during recent decade, especially after 2000s / book publishing in Turkey remained an &quot / infant industry&quot / and Turkish book publishing market is still unsaturated as a result of serious problems continuing in different cycles of circulating capital in the Turkish book market and in preconditions of profit-maximization and capital accumulation processes / impediments on the creation of a large mass of readers and new genres / lack of an industrial organization of book production and business, and belated developments in regulative-legal framework in copyright regime.

Paper represents the research of influence of advertising and its results. The research was conducted in two stages: an experiment to evaluate influence of advertising, trademark, and other factors on the choice of books, and a research to interpret the obtained data – influence of advertising was interpreted in the context of respondents’ experience, system of influence of advertising in book market was established, factors differentiating influence of advertising were singled out. The research also analyses theories of advertising influence and estimates the relation between advertising and book business. Theories of the influence of advertising fall into four groups. From theories of market response that bring no transitional effects it is proceeded to theories of persuasion. The relation of advertising and individual experience, and advertising and information was looked into in the framework of publicity and experience. In the second part, book advertising theory was analysed, preceding scientific research and approach to advertising in scientific research of publishing sector were studied, and market research conducted in various countries were analysed to estimate the relation between advertising and book business. Theoretical part of the investigation addresses traits of book market that shape communication of advertising, and subjects of book advertising are estimated from the point of view of influence. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama reklamos ir knygų verslo sąveika, nustatomi knygų reklamos poveikio vartotojui būdai, išskiriami poveikį diferencijuojantys faktoriai. Išnagrinėjus reklamos poveikio teorijas, nustatomi bendrieji reklamos poveikio principai. Reklamos poveikio teorijos suskirstytos į keturias teorijų grupes, – nuo rinkos atsako teorijų, kurios neturi pereinamųjų efektų, pereinama prie įtikinimo teorijų, kurių ribose ilgą laiką plėtotos racionalaus poveikio teorijos buvo peržiūrėtos emocinio poveikio aspektu. Populiarinimo ir patirties teorijų ribose apsvarstytas reklamos ir informacijos, reklamos ir individo patirties santykis. Siekiant įvertinti reklamos ir knygų verslo sąveiką, analizuota knygų reklamos teorija, nagrinėti mokslo darbai, tyrę knygų reklamos ir rinkodaros klausimus, rinkos tyrimai. Teoriniame tyrime svarstomi knygų rinkos bruožai, formuojantys reklamos komunikaciją, poveikio aspektu nagrinėjami knygų reklamos objektai. Reklamos poveikio tyrimas buvo vykdomas dviem etapais, – pirmajame etape atliktas eksperimentas, kurio metu buvo vertinama reklamos, prekės ženklo ir kitų faktorių įtaka knygų pasirinkimui; antrajame etape atliktas tyrimas gautiems duomenims paaiškinti – reklamos poveikis išnagrinėtas individo patirties kontekste, nustatyta reklamos poveikio sistema knygų rinkoje, išskirti reklamos poveikį diferencijuojantys veiksniai.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjama reklamos ir knygų verslo sąveika, nustatomi knygų reklamos poveikio vartotojui būdai, išskiriami poveikį diferencijuojantys faktoriai. Išnagrinėjus reklamos poveikio teorijas, nustatomi bendrieji reklamos poveikio principai. Reklamos poveikio teorijos suskirstytos į keturias teorijų grupes, – nuo rinkos atsako teorijų, kurios neturi pereinamųjų efektų, pereinama prie įtikinimo teorijų, kurių ribose ilgą laiką plėtotos racionalaus poveikio teorijos buvo peržiūrėtos emocinio poveikio aspektu. Populiarinimo ir patirties teorijų ribose apsvarstytas reklamos ir informacijos, reklamos ir individo patirties santykis. Siekiant įvertinti reklamos ir knygų verslo sąveiką, analizuota knygų reklamos teorija, nagrinėti mokslo darbai, tyrę knygų reklamos ir rinkodaros klausimus, rinkos tyrimai. Tyrime svarstomi knygų rinkos bruožai, formuojantys reklamos komunikaciją, poveikio aspektu nagrinėjami knygų reklamos objektai. Reklamos poveikio tyrimas buvo vykdomas dviem etapais, – pirmajame etape atliktas eksperimentas, kurio metu buvo vertinama reklamos, prekės ženklo ir kitų faktorių įtaka knygų pasirinkimui; antrajame etape atliktas tyrimas gautiems duomenims paaiškinti – reklamos poveikis išnagrinėtas individo patirties kontekste, nustatyta reklamos poveikio sistema knygų rinkoje, išskirti reklamos poveikį diferencijuojantys veiksniai. / Paper represents the research of influence of advertising and its results. The research was conducted in two stages: an experiment to evaluate influence of advertising, trademark, and other factors on the choice of books, and a research to interpret the obtained data – influence of advertising was interpreted in the context of respondents’ experience, system of influence of advertising in book market was established, factors differentiating influence of advertising were singled out. The research also analyses theories of advertising influence and estimates the relation between advertising and book business. Theories of the influence of advertising fall into four groups. From theories of market response that bring no transitional effects it is proceeded to theories of persuasion. The relation of advertising and individual experience, and advertising and information was looked into in the framework of publicity and experience. In the second part, book advertising theory was analysed, preceding scientific research and approach to advertising in scientific research of publishing sector were studied, and market research conducted in various countries were analysed to estimate the relation between advertising and book business. Theoretical part of the investigation addresses traits of book market that shape communication of advertising, and subjects of book advertising are estimated from the point of view of influence.

This thesis is a reader-centred investigation of Australian young adult selfdefined 'keen readers' of novels for pleasure, and considerations regarding audiencels by writers and publishers. It is predicated on the understanding that adult power operates at every level of young adults' lives, including the publishing, promotion and availability of their literature. The complexity of defining 'young adult' and 'Young Adult literature' and therefore publishing and promoting for this nominal audience is recognised as being dependent on the varying adult constructs of the terms and, therefore, is at the basis of decisions made in this adult-oriented industry. Historical and commercial aspects of Australian publishing (nominally) for this group of readers provide a context for this grounded theory-based qualitative study. Analysis of transcripts from focus group discussions with self-defined young adult 'keen readers of novels for pleasure' demonstrates that these participants had a sophisticated understanding of their leisure reading experiences regarding what they liked reading, how they found out about books, what made them choose one book over another, and where they obtained them. The insights gained from these 34 participants informed the analysis of comments by Australian adult 'creators' - writers and publishing staff - regarding audience, commercial pressures, promotional aspects and other factors influencing what is published and made available to young adult keen readers for pleasure. That these 34 participants were active buyers and promoters as well as borrowers of books indicates the need for the industry to recognise their expertise and value as a distinct and influential audience niche - the 'neo-consumers' of the future. The research provides a starting point into analysis of the influence of the group of adults I have termed 'gatekeepers', whose (largely institutional) roles enable them to either connect young adult readers with books and creators, or to separate them.

Magistro darbo objektas – prekės ženklas kaip vienas iš tapatumo ir vertės identifikatorių knygų leidyboje. Darbo tikslas – apibendrinti prekės ženklo ir jo įvaizdžio formavimo teorinius aspektus, siekiant pritaikyti praktiniams prekės ženklo vertinimams pasaulio ir Lietuvos knygų leidyboje. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai: išsiaiškinti skirtingų autorių prekės ženklo definicijas, atskleisti jo įtaką vartotojams, pavaizduoti prekės ženklo formavimo ypatumus; išanalizuoti prekės ženklo vietą knygų leidyboje; pateikti sėkmingus prekės ženklo atvejus užsienio knygų leidyboje; didžiųjų Lietuvos leidyklų: „Šviesa“ – „Alma littera“, „Vaga“, „Tyto alba“, „Baltos lankos“, Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla analizė pagal J. N. Kapfererio ir L. de Chernatonio išskirtais pagrindiniais prekės ženklo identifikavimo elementais: vizija, produkto pozicionavimas, prekės ženklo asmenybė, prekės ženklo kultūra, bendravimas, įvaizdis. / In book publishing the brand could be from the publishing company name to the authors, series, titles, book design, certain style of book. Mostly the author is a brand. Loyalty to writers runs deep. In the foreign publishing houses usually work brand specialists, who forming and firming image of the brand. There are no such specialists in Lithuanian publishing houses, the brand formation process is natural. Brand identity is the collection of unique attributes. According to J. N. Kapferer and L. de Chernatony the main identity elements of the brand are: vision, positioning of the product, personality, culture, communication, image. These elements helped to analyze publishing plans, aims, concept, particularity, values of the main universal publishing houses of Lithuania: “Šviesa“ – “Alma littera“, “Vaga“, “Tyto alba“, “Baltos lankos“, “Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla“.