Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-26T20:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Phillipe Bauer de Ara?jo D?ria.pdf: 2728729 bytes, checksum: 9a6172b97d933c398e4d0dd04647cad7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-26T20:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Phillipe Bauer de Ara?jo D?ria.pdf: 2728729 bytes, checksum: 9a6172b97d933c398e4d0dd04647cad7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / The current study aims to develop a minimally invasive surgical technique with the use of cryosurgery that provides sterilization of sheep for different purposes. It was used eighteen rams, half blood Santa In?s x Dorper, pubescent, with aged between 8 and 12 months and scrotal circumference greater than or equal to 25 cm, kept in confinement. The animals were weighed, clinical and hematological tests were done. By ultrasonographic, testes, epididymides and spermatic cords were evaluated and was made breeding soundness examination, serum testosterone dosage and libido test. After being considered suitable, were divided into two groups, with nine animals each group: TEST GROUP (TG) and CONTROL GROUP (CG). The surgical technique in TG consisted in the transfixing of the tail of the epididymis in the medial latero direction, with sterile and disposable hypodermic needle of 0.80 x 40mm, 21G x 1 ?, is being coupled to a circuit composed of stainless steel adapter attached to a flexible rubber tube with 15 cm in length, diameter of 7,05mm and 4,50mm of lumen, connected to unit Cryogun CryAc, then receiving the application of two cycles of freeze / thaw, by time of 60 / 45 seconds respectively by repeating the procedure on the contralateral organ. In CG proceeded only epididymis tail transfixion as previously described, without cryosurgery, waiting for the same time interval as in TG. The animals were observed for a period of 33 days, repeating to the end of this stage all tests performed before surgery, followed by orchiectomy to obtain the testis, the epididymides and tunics for macroscopic and histological in stained laminas by hematoxylin and eosin observed in optical microscopy. Semen analysis performed at 33 days revealed azoospermia in six of the nine sheep allocated in TG which was not observed in CG sheep. The statistical analysis showed no significant changes in body weight, scrotal circumference and libido of TG animals. Serum testosterone measurements before and after the procedure in TG were within the curve. Ultrasonography in the TG showed no changes in the testicular parenchyma, however demonstrating changes in the shape and increased epididymal tail dimensions with heterogeneous echo texture and the presence of cystic cavities occupying a large area of the epididymis tail, with hypoechoic homogeneous content inside. Microscopy revealed changes in the testicles of eight TG animals as contracted seminiferous tubules, diffuse vacuolation of germ cells, absence of sperm cells in the lineage, reduction in sperm production and the presence of sperm cells dead. It was noted in the epididymal tail semen extravasation into the interstitial space, with the formation of spermatic granuloma, adjacent fibrosis, and the presence of large vacuoles with stasis of the sperm cells inside and thickening of the coats in some patients. It concludes that the proposed technique in TG is safe, fast, easy to perform, with low cost, minimally invasive and free of the occurrence of postoperative complications, providing sterilization of six of the nine sheep evaluated in the 33-day period. / O presente estudo visa o desenvolvimento de t?cnica cir?rgica minimamente invasiva com o emprego da criocirurgia que proporcione a esteriliza??o de carneiros para diferentes fins. Foram utilizados 18 ovinos, mesti?os Santa In?s x Dorper, machos, inteiros, p?beres, com idade entre 8 e 12 meses e circunfer?ncia escrotal maior ou igual a 25 cm, mantidos em confinamento. Os animais foram submetidos a pesagem, avalia??o cl?nica, hematol?gica, ultrassonografia de test?culo/epid?dimo e cord?o esperm?tico, exame androl?gico, dosagem de testosterona s?rica e teste de libido. Ap?s serem considerados aptos, foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais, com nove animais cada, denominados GRUPO TESTE (GT) e GRUPO CONTROLE (GC). A t?cnica cir?rgica aplicada nos pacientes do (GT) consistiu da transfixa??o da cauda do epid?dimo com agulha hipod?rmica est?ril descart?vel 0,80 x 40mm, 21G x 1 ?, no sentido latero medial, estando esta acoplada a um circuito composto por adaptador de a?o inox ligado um tubo de borracha flex?vel de 15cm de comprimento, 7,05mm de di?metro e l?men de 4,50mm, conectado a aparelho Cryogun CryAc, recebendo ent?o a aplica??o de dois ciclos de congelamento / descongelamento, pelo tempo de 60 segundos / 45 segundos respectivamente, repetindo-se o procedimento no ?rg?o contralateral. No GC procedeu-se apenas a transfixa??o da cauda do epid?dimo conforme descrito previamente, aguardando-se pelo mesmo intervalo de tempo que no GT, sem a realiza??o da criocirurgia. Os animais foram acompanhados por um per?odo de 33 dias, repetindo-se ao final desta etapa todos os exames realizados antes da interven??o cir?rgica, seguidos de orquiectomia para obten??o das pe?as contendo os test?culos, epid?dimos e t?nicas para avalia??o macrosc?pica e posterior an?lise histopatol?gica das l?minas coradas por Hematoxilina e Eosina em microscopia ?ptica. O espermograma realizado aos 33 dias revelou azoospermia em seis dos nove carneiros do GT, n?o tendo sido observado este quadro em nenhum dos ovinos do GC. As analises estat?sticas n?o evidenciaram altera??es significativas para peso corporal, per?metro escrotal e libido dos animais do GT. As dosagens de testosterona s?rica antes e ap?s a realiza??o da t?cnica proposta no GT situaram-se dentro da curva. O exame ultrassonogr?fico do GT n?o evidenciou altera??es no par?nquima testicular, demonstrando por?m altera??es na forma e aumento das dimens?es da cauda do epid?dimo, com ecotextura heterog?nea e a presen?a de cavidades c?sticas ocupando uma grande ?rea da cauda do epididimo, com conte?do homog?neo hipoec?ico em seu interior. A microscopia revelou altera??es nos test?culos em oito animais do GT com t?bulos semin?feros contra?dos, vacuoliza??o difusa de c?lulas germinativas, aus?ncia de c?lulas da linhagem esperm?tica, redu??o na produ??o de espermatozoides e presen?a de espermatozoides mortos, notou-se na cauda do epid?dimo o extravazamento de s?men para o interst?cio, com a forma??o de granuloma esperm?tico, fibrose adjacente, al?m da presen?a de grandes vac?olos com estase de espermatozoides no seu interior e espessamento das t?nicas em alguns pacientes. Conclu?mos que a t?cnica proposta no GT mostrou-se segura, r?pida, de f?cil execu??o, baixo custo, minimamente invasiva e isenta da ocorr?ncia de complica??es p?s-operat?rias, proporcionando a esteriliza??o de seis dos nove carneiros avaliados no per?odo de 33 dias.

Introdução: O câncer de próstata metastático resistente à castração apresenta sobrevida inferior a 30% em cinco anos, e o único tratamento disponível para os pacientes até pouco tempo atrás era o docetaxel. Com o maior entendimento dos mecanismos de resistência desse câncer às terapias utilizadas, novas drogas foram desenvolvidas, entre elas a abiraterona, que atua no bloqueio da enzima 17-? desidrogenase-hidroxiesteroide e a enzalutamida que age diretamente nos receptores de androgênios. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática dos estudos que avaliaram a eficácia e segurança da abiraterona mais prednisona e da enzalutamida em pacientes com CPMRC, tanto previamente quanto posteriormente ao tratamento com docetaxel. Métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em março de 2016 nas bases da Pubmed, Google Acadêmico e ClinicalTrials.gov. Os seguintes termos de pesquisa foram utilizados \"prostate cancer metastatic resistent\", \"prostate cancer\", \"abiraterone\" e enzalutamide\", restringido a estudos clínicos randomizados fase III, duplo cego e multicêntrico, publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol. Os estudos selecionados foram analisados de forma independente por LRM e AAN. Os critérios para análise foram a sobrevida global (SG), sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) e o tempo até a progressão do PSA (TP PSA), previamente e após o uso de docetaxel. Resultados: Foram identificados 53 estudos. Aplicando os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados quatro estudos que juntos somaram uma população de 5.199 (2.394 pacientes após docetaxel e 2.805 pacientes previamente ao uso do docetaxel). Em relação a SG, a abiraterona reduziu o risco de morte em 26% após docetaxel (HR 0,74 95% IC 0,64-0,86) e 19% no pré-docetaxel (HR 0,81 95% IC 0,70-0,93), e a enzalutamida reduziu em 37% após (HR 0,63 95% IC, 0,53-0,75) e 23% no pré-docetaxel (HR 0,77 95% IC 0,67-0,88). Em relação a SLPr, abiraterona retardou a progressão da doença em 34% após (HR 0,66 95% IC 0,58-0,76) e 48% na pré-quimio (HR 0,52 95% IC 0,45-0,61), e a enzalutamida em 60% após quimio (HR 0,40 95% IC 0,35-0,47) e 68% na pré-quimio (HR 0,32 95% IC 0,28-0,36). Abiraterona aumentou o tempo até a progressão do PSA em 64% após quimio (HR 0,36 95% IC 0,52-0,78) e 50% na pré-quimio (HR 0,50 95% IC 0,43- 0,58), e a enzalutamida em 75% após quimio (HR 0,25 95% IC 0,20-0,30) e 83% na pré- quimio (HR 0,17 95% IC 0,15-0,20). Conclusão: Tanto abiraterona quanto enzalutamida demonstraram melhores resultados no aumento da SG, da SLPr e do TP PSA no tratamento de pacientes com CPMRC. Não há um estudo comparativo direto e devido a diferenças nos critérios de inclusão e dos grupos comparadores entre esses estudos clínicos, não é possível uma análise indireta entre tais medicamentos. Assim, questões como qual a melhor estratégia de tratamento na pré e pós-quimio e o sequenciamento ideal para enfrentamento do CPMRC não podem ser respondidas. / Introduction: Castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer presents survival less than 30% in five years, and the only treatment available to patients until recently was docetaxel. With the greater understanding of the mechanisms of resistance of this cancer to the therapies used, new drugs have been developed, among them abiraterone, which acts in the blockade of the enzyme 17-? dehydrogenase-hydroxysteroid and the enzyme that acts directly on the androgen receptors. A systematic review was made of studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of abiraterone plus prednisone and of enzyme adduct in patients with CPMRC both before and after docetaxel treatment. Methods: The literature search was prepared in March 2016 based on Pubmed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov. The following search terms were used \"prostate cancer metastatic resistant\", \"prostate cancer\", \"abiraterone\" and \"enzyme\", restricted to phase III, double blind and multicenter clinical trials published in English, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. The selected studies were analyze by LRM and AAN. The criteria for analysis were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PSA) and time to PSA progression (PS PSA), before and after docetaxel use. Results: Fifty-three studies were identified and, according to the inclusion criteria, four studies were selected that together added a population of 5,199 (2,394 patients after docetaxel and 2,805 patients prior to docetaxel use). In relation to SG, abiraterone reduced the risk of death by 26% after docetaxel (HR 0.74 95% CI 0.64-0.86) and 19% in predocetaxel (HR 0.81 95% CI 0.70- 0.93), and enzyme reductase reduced by 37% (HR 0.63 95% CI, 0.53-0.75) and 23% in pre docetaxel (HR 0.77 95% CI 0.67-0, 88). In relation to SLPr abiraterone delayed disease progression by 34% (HR 0.66 95% CI 0.58-0.76) and 48% in pre-chemotherapy (HR 0.52 95% CI 0.45-0, 61), and enzyme-alpha 60% after chemo (HR 0.40 95% CI 0.35-0.47) and 68% in pre-chemo (HR 0.32 95% CI 0.28-0.36). Abiraterone increased the time until PSA progression by 64% after chemo (HR 0.36 95% CI 0.52-0.78) and 50% in pre-chemo (HR 0.50 95% CI 0.43-0, 58), and enzyme-alpha in 75% after chemo (HR 0.25 95% CI 0.20-0.30) and 83% in pre-chemo (HR 0.17 95% CI 0.15-0.20). Conclusion: Both abiraterone and enzalutamide showed better results in increasing SG, SLPr and TP PSA in the treatment of patients with CPMRC. There is no direct comparative study and, because of differences in inclusion criteria and comparator groups between these clinical studies, indirect analysis of such drugs is not possible. Thus, questions such as the best pre and post chemo treatment strategy and the optimal sequencing for CPMRC coping cannot be answered.

Background. Recent studies in cancer research have focused on the reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Tumour growth is angiogenesis dependent and the rate of angiogenesis correlates with a poor prognosis in many different cancers. We have shown that the rate of angiogenesis correlates with prognosis in Prostate Cancer (PC). We have also observed that the vasculature is involved during the involution of the prostate in rodents subsequent to hormonal ablation. Patients with metastatic PC are subjected to hormonal ablation therapy – a therapy unfortunately not curative. Our ambition is therefore to find means to enhance the effects of castration therapy of prostate tumours, possibly by a simultaneous inhibition of angiogenesis and of growth factors populating the tumour stroma. The angiopoietins are a family of growth factors that regulate angiogenesis by direct effects on endothelial cells in a context dependent manner. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to examine the role of the angiopoietins and the stroma in general in PC and to explore their potential as novel targets. Materials and Methods. We have had at our disposal access to clinical materials in the form of paraffin embedded samples from untreated PC patients with a long follow up. We have also used animal tumour models and in vitro cell culture systems followed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, western blotting, laser micro dissection, and quantitative real-time PCR for evaluation of the experiments. Results. In paper I, we found a significant correlation between high levels of angiopoietin 2 (Ang 2) and high vascular density, histological grade, metastases and poor prognosis in PC patients. In the second paper we found that the receptor for the angiopoietins, Tie 2, and the ligand Ang 1 mediated the decrease in vascular stability observed after castration treatment. This was not observed in prostate tumours subsequent to hormonal ablation (paper III), nor was there a decrease of other growth factor receptors. In summary (paper III), we found that a combined inhibition of the tumour stroma in terms of an inhibition of the PDGF-Rs by the use of Imatinib, and the vasculature in terms of a perturbed Tie 2 signalling, inhibited tumour growth. Finally, in paper IV, we found that Imatinib inhibited the castration induced influx of mast cells after castration therapy. The mast cells expressed high levels of FGF 2 and epiregulin, and inhibition of mast cell function inhibited tumour growth, by inhibiting angiogenesis. Conclusions. We have observed that the tumour stroma is of particular importance for tumour growth in PC. Targeting the tumour microenvironment, and in particular by a simultaneous inhibition of the vasculature and stroma, could prove beneficial for patients with advanced PC.

The two principal elements comprising this thesis are 1) a description of the development of a theory concerning schizophrenic psychosis and 2) an attempt to develop a treatment strategy based on this theory. The theory was developed by Palle Villemoes on the basis of the French psychoanalyst Lacan's work and may be described as an ego-structuring psychotherapy with its foundation in the castration complex. The psychosis is seen as a consequence of the child's inability, for various reasons, to a apt itself to symbolic castration - i e disappointment and frustration over not constantly having its own way, and over being required to subordinate itself to universal principles and authorities. The psychotic person has not subordinated under symbolic is castration but continues to exist in the original symbiotic relation with the imagined pre-oedipal mother, When the pressures of the teenage and early adult years make themselves felt, such an ego-weak person is unable to withstand and deal with them and develops a psychotic relation to her/his surroundings, The- treatment strategy described in this thesis, was developed by the author and colleagues at the treatment centre Norrgården in Härnösand. It is a milieu therapyoriented treatment during which the patient optimally passes through three phases. During the first - narcissistic - phase the aim is that the patient's contact person develop such a relationship with her/him that "idolization" of the contact person occurs. This idolization is achieved by means of interest on the part of the contactperson, and a non-polarized attitude. The contact person shows interest in the patient and in her/his situation, life-story and interests. The non-polarized attitude means that little or no importance is attached to differences, particularly those due to gender and power position. The contact person avoids provoking the patient in areas about which she/he is sensitive. When a balanced, conflict-free relationship with the patient bas been achieved, treatment moves into a so- called working phase. Now the establishing of her/ his own history in the patient takes over from the idolization built up in the course of the close relationship. The patient is to become the subject of her/his own life-story, to achieve which patient and contact person go through the story together. If all goes well the patient passes through the castration complex and is able to find a realistic place for her himself in the story, the culture, and the society that has to be lived in with all its relations towards other people. The patient now begins to view her/himself, with both possibilities and limitations, more and more realistically. She/he also begins to show interest in the future and in plans for a life after treatment. In the final phase, progressively more responsibility for decisions is left to the patient. The aim of this phase of the treatment is to consolidate the narcissism of the patient's own ego. She/he must be released from the symbiotic dyad with the contact person who now leaves it to the patient to make choices and decisions and to be aware of the passage of time. The thesis discusses the development of the theory in a dialectic relation to the practical experiences of treatment work during the earliest years at Norrgården. A central place in the thesis is occupied by 11 case descriptions of the first patients who completed the treatment at Norrgården. / digitalisering@umu

Cette recherche porte, comme le titre l'indique, sur le corps pris aux mots dans le récit de femmes à risque d'accoucher prématurément. Le but de cette recherche est d'éclairer ce qui se joue dans le psychisme de la femme qui enfante et qui est à risque d'accoucher avant terme. Nous mettons en évidence quelques-uns des enjeux psychiques liés, entre autres choses, à la féminité, à la maternité et à la filiation. Nous partons de la perspective clinique selon laquelle les processus psychiques manifestent un inconscient à l'œuvre. Ainsi, nous explorons des situations potentielles qui peuvent aboutir au déclenchement d'un travail avant terme lors d'une grossesse à partir d'une approche psychanalytique. Tant dans l'élaboration théorique que dans la méthodologie, nous reprenons l'éclairage que peut apporter la psychanalyse sur des phénomènes comme la grossesse à risque d'accoucher avant terme sans étiologie médicale. Dans cette recherche, la grossesse est conçue comme un événement de corps qui vient actualiser, pour chaque femme, la question du féminin et le rapport à la castration; la grossesse en tant que figure du féminin. Nous revenons sur les concepts de narcissisme, de castration et d'identification relativement à la féminité et à la maternité. Enfin, nous abordons le sujet de la grossesse et de ses effets sur le psychisme d'une femme. Nous partons de l’hypothèse que le risque d'accouchement prématuré sans étiologie médicale peut suggérer, chez certaines femmes, un ratage dans la transmission signifiante. Nous abordons ce phénomène en prenant en considération la dimension somatique, c'est-à-dire en tenant compte de la possibilité que le déclenchement du travail avant terme puisse être une « mise en corps » témoignant d'un certain raté symbolique. Le repérage des enjeux psychiques inconscients s'est effectué par l'analyse de trois récits de femmes à risque d'accoucher avant terme. Par le biais de cette recherche et de l'analyse des entretiens, nous croyons avoir rendu pertinente l’hypothèse, à vérifier au cas par cas, que l'accouchement prématuré peut être, pour certaines femmes, une solution, amenée par le sujet, qui se manifeste dans son corps comme une réaction à des angoisses indicibles. À la lecture des analyses, nous pouvons constater que l'entretien singulier permet de saisir la façon dont ces trois sujets entendent réguler leur rapport au monde tel qu'ils puissent y accueillir un enfant. La régulation est appel à la fonction paternelle, à la loi, à la règle. Cette régulation sera transmise à l'enfant. De plus, cette recherche a réintroduit la considération du père dans la question de la transmission. La grossesse est un événement de corps qui évoque les enjeux du devenir mère qui passent par la rencontre avec le féminin en tant que figure du manque et de la castration. Nous avons mis en évidence quelques-uns de ces enjeux psychiques qui peuvent concourir, chez certaines femmes, à l'apparition de pathologies périnatales. Nous avons conclu que la maternité met en scène un certain rapport à l'enfant comme objet phallique. La grossesse met en scène le rapport que le sujet entretient avec son monde. Ce qui entoure la naissance d'un enfant est relatif à l'accueil de cet enfant dans un discours et dans une lignée. De plus, la gestation met à jour, chez la femme, des enjeux subjectifs qui sont liés à son rapport à la castration. Ces enjeux psychiques sont liés, entre autres choses, à la transmission et à la filiation. En ce sens, la femme en donnant naissance à un enfant s'inscrit dans le jeu des identifications. Nous avons mis en évidence que la maternité peut toujours, du fait que l'enfant réalise le semblant - celui de se substituer au phallus - donner lieu à l'horreur d'une rencontre avec le réel. De plus, nous avons relevé que la grossesse et la naissance d'un enfant font « renaître » les enjeux liés au narcissisme féminin. L'imminence de la naissance représente la perte d'une partie de soi qui peut être une des formes de l'angoisse de castration féminine. Enfin, nous avons pu remarquer que, pour certaines femmes, la rencontre avec un réel, c'est-à-dire avec ce que le corps a d'irreprésentable dans le sens de corps vivant, primordialement refoulé donne lieu à plusieurs angoisses liées à la rencontre avec la castration et avec le manque. Nous avons évoqué que le sujet va élaborer une réponse, va mettre en place une solution pour faire avec le manque. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Accouchement prématuré, inconscient, corps, féminin, castration, transmission

Texte remanié: Th. doct.--Psycho.--Rennes 2, 2001. / Bibliogr. p. 323-327.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Orientador: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Resumo: Foram avaliados quatro protocolos da vacina Valora® (Ceva) para verificar a eficiência da vacina e diferenças na resposta produtiva, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de suínos imunocastrados em relação aos castrados cirurgicamente. O total de 60 suínos machos, híbridos, alojados em baias individuais, foi dividido em cinco grupos (n = 12): animais castrados cirurgicamente (CC), vacinados com 8 e 19 semanas (V1); vacinados com 8 e 21 semanas (V2); vacinados com 8 e 23 semanas (V3) e vacinados com 8 e 24 semanas (V4) com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os parâmetros peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça foram avaliados e, na véspera do abate, foram colhidas amostras de 4mL de sangue para mensurar a concentração sérica de LH e testosterona. No frigorífico foram avaliados peso e dimensões dos testículos. Após o resfriamento das carcaças, foram colhidas amostras do Musculus longissimus thoracis para as análises de qualidade da carne, incluindo a sensorial, e da gordura perianal para mensurar a concentração de escatol e androstenona. Nas condições do estudo, não foram detectadas diferenças entre os suínos castrados e imunocastrados, nem entre os protocolos de imunocastração para os parâmetros produtivos. Também não foi detectada diferença entre os tratamentos para o odor sexual e qualidade final da carne. Dessa forma, os protocolos de imunocastração determinaram resultados semelhantes à castração no desempenho, caracte... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Four Valora ® (Ceva) vaccine protocols were evaluated to verify vaccine efficacy and differences in the productive response, carcass characteristics and quality of the meat of pigs immunocastrated in relation to those surgically castrated. A total of 60 male pigs, hybrids, housed in individual pens were divided into five groups (n = 12) animals surgically castrated (CC), vaccinated with 8 and 19 weeks (V1); vaccinated at 8 and 21 weeks (V2); vaccinated at 8 and 23 weeks (V3) and vaccinated at 8 and 24 weeks (V4) with a completely randomized experimental design. The parameters weight, feed intake, feed conversion and carcass yield were evaluated and, on the eve of slaughter, samples of 4mL of blood were collected to measure the serum concentration of LH and testosterone. In the slaughterhouse were evaluated weight and dimensions of the testicles. After cooling of the carcasses, samples of the Longissimus thoracis muscle were collected for meat quality analyzes, including sensory analysis, and perianal fat to measure the concentration of escatol and androstenone. Under the study conditions, no differences were detected between castrated and immunocastrated pigs nor between the immunocastration protocols for the productive parameters. There was also no difference between treatments for sexual odor and final meat quality. Thus, immunocastration protocols determined results like castration in performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. This is the first ever study to ev... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 albuquerque_vb_dr_botfm.pdf: 1170783 bytes, checksum: 22ffeeb5255c44c090a0b2b369ecc8db (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se investigar a utilização da morfina em diferentes doses associada à ropivacaína ou à levobupivacaína pela via peridural de cadelas submetidas à OSH eletiva. Utilizou-se 48 cadelas hígidas, adultas, de diferentes raças e com peso médio de 9,8±4,1kg. Decorridos 20 minutos da pré-medicação com acepromazina (0,05mg/kg) e midazolam (0,2mg/kg) os animais foram submetidos à anestesia peridural e distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis grupos distintos, sendo: GRM0,15= ropivacaína + morfina (0,15 mg/kg), GRM0,2= ropivacaína + morfina (0,2 mg/kg), GL= levobupivacaína (0,3mL/kg), GLM0,1= levobupivacaína + morfina (0,1 mg/kg), GLM0,15= levobupivacaína + morfina (0,15 mg/kg) e GLM0,2= levobupivacaína + morfina (0,2 mg/kg). Em cada momento experimental foram aferidos os parâmetros: frequência e ritmo cardíaco; frequência e variáveis respiratórias; variáveis hemogasométricas obtidas de amostras de sangue arterial, glicemia e lactato sanguíneos; índice biespectral; pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica; temperatura retal; dosagem sérica de cortisol, morfina, levobupivacaína e ropivacaína; além da avaliação não-paramétrica do período de latência e duração da levobupivacaína e escores de analgesia pós-operatória. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e comparados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Dunn e Tukey (p< 0,05). Concluiu-se que o incremento na dose de morfina pela via peridural permitiu a realização de cirurgias de OSH eletivas, com mínimos efeitos sobre as variáveis cardíacas, respiratórias, hemogasométricas e do cortisol sérico em cadelas sob infusão contínua de propofol; os efeitos colaterais observados foram mínimos e sem comprometimento clínico das pacientes, tendo desaparecido até o momento da alta dos animais. As curvas séricas acompanharam o período hábil dos fármacos, sendo suas concentrações praticamente nulas ao... / The aim of this study was to investigate the use of morphine in various doses associated with ropivacaine or levobupivacaine for epidural in bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Were used 48 healthy dogs, adults, of different breeds and average weight of 9.8 ± 4.1 kg. After 20 minutes of premedication with acepromazine (0.05 mg / kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg / kg) the animals underwent epidural anesthesia and randomized into six distinct groups, as follows: GRM0,15 ropivacaine + morphine = 15 (0.15 mg / kg), GRM0, 2 = ropivacaine + morphine (0.2 mg / kg), GL = levobupivacaine (0.3 mL / kg), GLM0, 1 = levobupivacaine + morphine (0.1 mg / kg), GLM0 , 15 = levobupivacaine + morphine (0.15 mg / kg) and GLM0, 2 = levobupivacaine + morphine (0.2 mg / kg). At each experimental time parameters were measured: heart rate and rhythm, rate and variable respiratory; haemogasometric variables obtained from arterial blood samples, blood glucose and lactate, bispectral index, systolic, mean and diastolic pressure, rectal temperature, serum concentrations of cortisol, morphine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine; beyond he evaluation of the latency period and duration of levobupivacaine and scores of postoperative analgesia. Data were submitted to ANOVA and compared by Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Tukey and Dunn (p<0.05). It was concluded that the increase in the dose of epidural morphine allowed for OSH elective surgery, with minimal effects on cardiac variables, respiratory, blood gas and serum concentrations of cortisol in dogs under continuous rate infusion of propofol; the side effects were observed minimum and no clinical consequences of patients, and disappeared by the time of higher animals. The serum curves followed the reasonable period of drugs, their concentrations near zero at the end of the epidural block. Levobupivacaine, when used alone for epidural in bitches, had sensory block (463 ± 173 minutes) ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:05:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (PRONEX) / Fundo de Auxílio aos docentes e Alunos (FADA) / 0 modelo experimental de epilepsia, induzido por pilocarpina, em fêmeas inicialmente descrito por Amado e cols., (1993). Após esses achados, vários estudos continuaram a ser efetuados na tentativa de se obter um conhecimento maior do envolvimento hormonal no fenômeno epileptogênico. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo, estudar a função dos hormônios sexuais no modelo de epilepsia induzido por pilocarpina, em ratas castradas. Utilizamos como grupo de estudos: (a) animais controles (estro, metaestro, diestro, proestro e castradas), (b) animais experimentais, que receberam pilocar pina e foram estudados na fase crônica do modelo (intacta crônica e castrada crônica) e (c) animais castrados, que na fase crônica do modelo foram submetidas à terapia de reposição hormonal (castrada crônica tratada com acetato de medroxiprogesterona, castrada crônica tratada com 17beta-estradiol e castrada crônica tratada com acetato de medroxiprogesterona + 17beta-estradiol. Pudemos verificar que todos os animais castrados tiveram atrofia genital após 4 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. Além disso, todos os animais que receberam pilocarpina apresentaram crises espontâneas e recorrentes na fase crônica. O estudo da distribuição hipocampal de parvalbumina mostrou que a marcação para esta proteína sofre flutuações durante as fases ao ciclo estral e apresenta maior marcação no grupo de ratas castradas que receberam acetato de medoxiprogesterona + 17beta-estradiol. Em relação à freqüência de crises o melhor tratamento após a castração foi aquele onde houve reposição de acetato de medoxiprogesterona + 17beta-estradiol. Entretanto, animais que receberam a reposição somente com acetato de medoxiprogesterona também tiveram redução do número de crises. Além disso, o tratamento hormonal também foi capaz de estabilizar o brotamento supragranular de fibras musgosas, mostrando a importância desses hormônios no desenvolvimento da epilepsia em fêmeas. / The epilepsy model, induced by pilocarpine, in females was described by Amado et al., (1993) and was been used to understand the effect of hormones in epileptogenesis. Therefore this work was as objective, to study the function of sexual hormones in the epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine in castrated rats. We use as groups: (a) controls animals (estrus, metaestrus, diestrus, proestrus and castrated), (b) experimental animals, that was received pilocarpine and it was studied in the chronic phase of the model (normal chronic and castrated chronic) and (c) castrated animals, that in the chronic phase it was submitted to the hormonal replace therapy (castrated chronic treated with medroxiprogesterone acetate, castrated chronic treated with 17β- estradiol and castrated chronic treated with medroxiprogesterone acetate + 17β-estradiol. We could verify that all the castrated animals were genital atrophy 4 days of the surgical procedure. Moreover, all the animals that were received pilocarpine presented spontaneous recurrent seizures in the chronic phase. The study of the hipocampal distribution of parvalbumine showed that the staining for this protein presents fluctuations during the phases from the estrous cycle and presents greater staining in the group of castrated rats that was received medoxiprogesterone acetate + 17β-estradiol. In the frequency of seizures the best treatment after the castration was that one where medoxiprogesterone acetate + 17β-estradiol. However, animals that received the replacement only medoxiprogesterone acetate also was reduction of the number of seizures. Moreover, the hormonal treatment also was capable os stabilize the sprouting mossy fibers, showing the importance of these hormones in the development of the epilepsy in females rats. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações