This study concluded that the Three Forms of Unity does not give the same meaning to the word “church” all the way through, since the word is used to describe both the visible and invisible sides of the church. When these different uses of the word “church” are left out of consideration in discussions concerning the church and only one of the two sides of the church is emphasised, it leads to the large degree of confusion and indistiction which these days is experienced in ecclesiastical debates. Before there can be any meaningful progress in these discussions, it is therefore necessary to establish which view of the Bible as well as concept of the church, is being taken as starting point of the discussion. Reformed academics have already done many studies concerning the Biblical usage of the word “church”. This study has taken the research a step further and shown that the use of the word “church” in the Three Forms of Unity agrees with the Biblical usage of the word. The Bible and the Three Forms of Unity mean, with the word “church”, both sides of the church of Christ. This church is on the one side invisible, seeing that is spans time and place and in doing so is the sum total of all the elect. On the other side, this church is made visible in a defined place and time and bears the stamp of its own time and culture in which it took its shape. Confusion arises when it is assumed that whatever the Bible and confessions state as indicative of the invisible church is necessarily indicative of the church`s visible side also. This is particularly valid, for example, in the doctrine concerning the attributes and characteristics of the church. This study has brought the old truths about the church from the Bible and confessions freshly to the fore in a time when very little attention is being paid to them. Yet it is precisely these truths concerning the concept of the church that can bring progress in ecclesiastical discussion. It was further demonstrated that the concept of the church held by the Afrikaans Protestant Churches stands on solid Biblical and confessional grounds. / Dissertation (MA (Research in Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / MA / unrestricted

This work maps the evolution and changes of The Czechoslovak Hussite Church Catechesis from 1920 to 1980. The selected time frame starts with foundations of The Czechoslovak Hussite Church and ends with analysis of the academic life of Rudolf Horsky, the main thought leader of this field. Taking catechism as a theological field, this work focuses mainly on principal and materialistic catechism within specific historical thought streams. In this work, I aim to discover significant points in history that influenced the catechism of CČSH and the thought leaders of this field. In particular, I examine the form, content and purpose of catechisms. Catechisms normally include religious education of a particular Church, thus it is understandable to consider catechisms to be the materialistic basis of catechesis. I study the pedagogical and religious education purpose of catechisms of CČSH based on the content relevant for baptism, confirmation, and influence of cultural-hisotrical context to its content and usage.

The work deals with catechism and its impact on surrogate family care. The theoretical part charakterizes forms of surrogate family care, the importace of family for the psyche and identity of the child and family situation at present time. The Diploma charakterizes the Christian education of children and historici development of froms of catechesis. The practical part contains proposals, methods and topics of catechesis of children in surrogate care in families and in parishes.

The thesis deals with life and work of bishop,later cardinal Frantisek Tomask in the 50´s and 60´s of the twentieth century. The work particularly focuses on the extremely interesting and moving period,when Frantisek Tomasek worked as a priest and religion teacher (scripture) in Moravian village of Moravska Uzova.The thesis involves both copies of authentic documenst from the Archives of Opava and also testimonies of his former pupils and parishioners, giving supporting evidence of many activities of Mr. Tomasek at that time. The first part of the work brings a detailed description of the state of the then Catholic Church on the background of complicated and hard political situation in former Czechoslovakia in the 50´s and 60´s. The other part focuses on eleven years of life and work of Frantisek TOmasek in Moravska Uzova, especially on his religious and pedagogical activities. The evidence of a very successful and human work of this unique man can be found both in this part of work and also in the enclosure - in the form of re-told testimonies of his former pupils.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-11-29T18:29:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jussara_rocha_koury.pdf: 976386 bytes, checksum: 7eb41aa8583b0022ac63398cf6f0900a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-29T18:29:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jussara_rocha_koury.pdf: 976386 bytes, checksum: 7eb41aa8583b0022ac63398cf6f0900a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / The aim of the present study is to analyze some aspects of the origin of religious prejudice, found in the anthropological constitution of the Brazilian people in their originating matrices – the Brazilian indigenous, the Portuguese and the Black – as well as to inquire about the formation of our popular religiosity in order to understand the violence of Brazilian religious prejudice in relation to its African matrices. To do so, we used a qualitative approach and carried out our research through literary review as we wished to investigate, as far as possible, the socio-anthropological context that resulted (and still results at present) in implicit and/or explicit intolerance to Afro-Brazilian religious expressions. We seek shelter in Darcy Ribeiro‟s work because it is, if not the most important, one of the keys to understanding the ethnic and cultural formation of the Brazilian people. Our first concern was to inquire as to why a country as plural as ours is, at the same time, a bigoted country, at all levels of social relations, including the Afro-Brazilian religious practices. What is revealed, step by step, is the role that was played by the Catholic Church in the formation of religious prejudice, particularly with relation to the religions of African and indigenous matrices. The Catholic religion, like others with Jewish-Christian roots, adopts, in her monotheistic expression, the idea of a people chosen by the Only and True God. Thus, she expresses itself with a natural attitude of superiority over other peoples, dictating thought and behavior. And so, the Brazilian people repeat as they have learned: there is salvation only in the Jewish-Christian tradition. There is no room for questioning. The vision of all people as the children of God finds no place in this discussion. Is prejudice justified in this way? No. With awareness, one can understands its roots in order to build another kind of relationship with the originating matrices of the Brazilian people, in the hope of retrieving our identity also in the religious aspect. / Nossos objetivos nesta dissertação consistem em analisar aspectos da criação do preconceito religioso, presentes na constituição antropológica do povo brasileiro a partir de suas matrizes originantes – o índio, o luso e o negro –, como também em inquirir a formação de nossa religiosidade popular para, enfim, compreender a violência do preconceito religioso brasileiro em relação a suas matrizes africanas. Para tanto, utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa e conduzimos nossa pesquisa por meio de uma revisão literária porque quisemos investigar, o quanto possível, o contexto socioantropológico que resultou (e resulta ainda hoje) na intolerância implícita e/ou explícita às expressões religiosas afro-brasileiras. Buscamos guarida em Darcy Ribeiro por ser, senão a mais importante, uma das chaves para compreendermos a formação étnica e cultural do povo brasileiro. Nossa inquietação primeira consistiu em indagar por que um país tão plural quanto o nosso é, ao mesmo tempo, um tão país preconceituoso, em todos os níveis de relações sociais, assim como no que se refere às práticas religiosas afro-brasileiras? O que se descortinou, passo a passo, foi o papel desempenhado pela Igreja Católica na formação do preconceito religioso, com recorte em relação às religiões de matrizes africanas e indígenas. Ela, como as outras de origem judaico-cristã, assume, em sua face monoteísta, a ideia de um povo escolhido pelo Deus Único e Verdadeiro. Assim sendo, reveste-se de uma natural – assim pensa, assim se comportou – superioridade em relação aos outros povos. E, desse modo, o povo brasileiro repete tal qual aprendeu: só existe salvação na tradição judaico-cristã. Aqui não há espaço para questionamentos. E a imagem de todos serem filhos de Deus não encontra espaço em tal discurso. Justifica-se, assim, o preconceito? Não. Compreendem-se suas raízes para, a partir do conhecimento, construir-se uma outra relação com as matrizes originantes do povo brasileiro, na esperança de conquistarmos nossa identidade também no aspecto religioso.

Réalisé en co-tutelle avec l'Université Paul-Valéry-Montpellier III. / Quels sont les liens entre le renforcement du pouvoir monarchique, d’évolution des méthodes de prédication et la persistance des identités religieuses minoritaires? Au XVIe siècle, les vieux chrétiens d’Espagne ont fait des efforts considérables pour convertir tous les infidèles à la foi catholique. Après avoir contraints les musulmans d’Espagne à se faire baptiser, ils tentèrent de les amener à adhérer « de cœur » à la foi catholique et à se comporter en bons chrétiens. Pour cela, ils eurent recours tant à la persécution qu’à la prédication. Si les historiens ont déjà bien étudié la persécution, notre connaissance des campagnes de prédication demeurait parcellaire. Cette thèse se propose d’y remédier en étudiant les méthodes d’évangélisation des Morisques valenciens entre 1492et 1570. Pour y parvenir, cette thèse étudie les manuels publiés pour soutenir l’effort missionnaire tout au long du siècle. Elle propose que les méthodes d’évangélisation des prédicateurs ont évolué d’une période privilégiant les arguments polémiques à une période mettant l’accent sur l’instruction catéchétique. Ce faisant, les méthodes employées ont mis davantage l’accent sur la responsabilité des Morisques dans le processus de leur propre conversion, plutôt que sur la responsabilité reposant sur le prédicateur de les convaincre d’adhérer au catholicisme. Nous avons ainsi constaté que le passage à ce que nous avons qualifié de « période catéchétique » correspond à l’augmentation en intensité des persécutions. En étudiant les campagnes de prédication dans le royaume de Valence, cette thèse reconstitue les situations où les manuels de polémique (les « antialcorans ») et les catéchismes étaient utilisés. Elle montre comment les méthodes des prédicateurs étaient déterminées par les cadres institutionnels établis. Le passage de la polémique au catéchisme a été guidé en partie par le contexte européen de la réforme, qui incitait à bannir la polémique religieuse en langue vernaculaire et à catéchiser les populations, et en partie par les enjeux sécuritaires qui faisaient craindre toute révolte des Morisques. Les prédicateurs furent ainsi incités à faire preuve le plus souvent de discrétion. Par ailleurs, les campagnes ont considérablement été handicapées par la contradiction qu’il y avait à considérer les Morisques à la fois comme des musulmans qu’il fallait convaincre, des nouveaux convertis qu’il fallait instruire et des mauvais chrétiens qui devraient être châtiés. En conclusion, la thèse propose une redéfinition du concept d’intégration qui soit adaptée à la réalité de l’histoire morisque et suggère des explications pour comprendre comment les dynamiques disciplinaires de la Monarchie catholique espagnole ont favorisé le repli des Morisques sur leur ethnicité. / What links are there amongst the reinforcement of monarchical power, the evolution in methods of preaching, and the persistence of minority religious identities? In the XIVth century, the old Christians of Spain made considerable efforts to convert infidels to the catholic faith. After having pressured the muslims of Spain into being baptized, they attempted to open their hearts to the catholic faith and to behave like good christians. In order to do this, they had recourse as much to persecution as to preaching. While persecution has been well studied by historians, our understanding of preaching remains fragmented. This thesis seeks to remedy this by studying methods of evangelizing Valencian Moors between 1492 and 1570. In order to do so, this thesis studies the published manuals used in support of missionary efforts over the course of the century. It suggests that the evangelizing methods of preachers evolved out of a period privileging polemical argumentation over catechetical instruction. The methods used thus focussed primarily on encouraging Moors to take responsibility for their own conversion, rather than placing responsibility with the preacher to convince them to embrace Catholicism. We therefore observe that the transition to what we call the “Catechetical period” corresponds to an increase in the intensity of persecution. In studying preaching campaigns in the kingdom of Valencia, this thesis reconstructs the contexts in which these polemical manuals (“antialcorans”) and Catechisms were utilized. It shows how preaching methods were shaped by their institutional contexts. The transition from polemics to Catechism was guided in part by European reforms that sought to banish religious polemics in the vernacular and to catechize populations, and in part by security concerns and fear that that the Moors would revolt. Preachers were thus encouraged to use discretion. However, these campaigns were considerably crippled by the contradictions that lay in considering Moors at once as Muslims to be converted, new converts in need of instruction, and bad Christians to be punished. The thesis concludes by proposing a redefinition of the concept of integration, adapted to the reality of Moorish history and offers explanations in order understand how the disciplinary dynamics of the Spanish Catholic Monarchy encouraged Moors to fallback on their ethnicity.

Ten spyte daarvan dat die meeste skoolgaande jongmense in die Ned Geref Kerk kategese deurloop, en self in die finale jaar van kategese, word daar nie veel aandag aan lewenstories van die katkisante geskenk nie. Hierdie studie oor geloofsontwikkeling by `n groep katkisante word gedoen vanuit pastoraal teologiese perspektief en `n sosiale konstruksieteorie diskoers. Oor `n tydperk van `n jaar is daar deur middel van kwalitatiewe navorsing `n proses gevolg met `n finalejaarsgroep van nege-en-twintig katkisante met die doel om geloofsontwikkeling te laat plaasvind, deur aandag aan hulle geloofsverhale te gee met die oog op die skryf van `n eie geloofsbelydenis. Na die tyd is oor die proses gereflekteer. Drie aspekte het die studie gerig. Die konteks waarbinne die studie plaasgevind het, wat bestaan uit die gemeente, breër samelewing, paradigmas, verbande en verhoudinge waarbinne die proses plaasgevind het. Die inhoud van die kategese, wat deelnemend gekonstrueer was. Die groep van nege-en-twintig jongmense wat met finalejaarkategese besig was, word binne konteks betrek by deelnemende pastorale kategese. My metode was om binne die gemeente, in die kategese, `n ruimte te skep waarbinne die katkisante deelnemend die kategetiese proses gekonstrueer het. Sodoende sou die klem op deelname val wat die hooffokus van die studie is. Die aandag wat daar aan die katkisante se lewensverhale gegee word maak die narratiewe diskoers relevant vir hierdie studie. Kategese binne hierdie studie het 'n deelnemende karakter. Die volgende benaderings het die deelnemende karakter ondersteun. Die kategesepraktyk skuif na `n pastorale benadering. Die leerinhoude se klem verskuif na verhoudings. Die kategetiese inhoud word sosiaal gekonstrueer. Despite the fact that most youth from the Dutch Reformed Church are of school going age during their final year of catechism, insufficient attention is given to the life stories of these young people. My research project on faith development with a group of young people involved in catechism was shaped by a pastoral theological perspective and a social constructionist discourse. Over a period of a year a process of qualitative research was conducted with a group of twenty-nine young conformants. The aim was to encourage faith development by given attention to their faith stories with the intention for them to write their own confessions of faith. Afterwards the process was reflected on. The study was guided by three themes. The context in which the study was conducted, consisted of the congregation, society at large, paradigms and relationships in which the process took place. The context of the catechism was conducted is a participatory manner. The third theme was the group of twenty-nine young people that participated in their final year of catechism in which the context of participatory pastoral catechism was focused on. The approach that was followed, was create space within the congregation for catechism to be conducted in a participatory manner with the twenty-nine young participants. In this way participation which is the main focus of this study is accentuated. The attention to the life stories of these young people makes the narrative discourse relevant to the study. Catechism according to this study has a participatory character that is supported by the following approaches. The practice of catechism shifts to a pastoral approach. The content of the catechism shifts to relationships. The content of the catechism becomes socially constructed. / Practial Theology / D. Th. (Pastoral Therapy)

Ten spyte daarvan dat die meeste skoolgaande jongmense in die Ned Geref Kerk kategese deurloop, en self in die finale jaar van kategese, word daar nie veel aandag aan lewenstories van die katkisante geskenk nie. Hierdie studie oor geloofsontwikkeling by `n groep katkisante word gedoen vanuit pastoraal teologiese perspektief en `n sosiale konstruksieteorie diskoers. Oor `n tydperk van `n jaar is daar deur middel van kwalitatiewe navorsing `n proses gevolg met `n finalejaarsgroep van nege-en-twintig katkisante met die doel om geloofsontwikkeling te laat plaasvind, deur aandag aan hulle geloofsverhale te gee met die oog op die skryf van `n eie geloofsbelydenis. Na die tyd is oor die proses gereflekteer. Drie aspekte het die studie gerig. Die konteks waarbinne die studie plaasgevind het, wat bestaan uit die gemeente, breër samelewing, paradigmas, verbande en verhoudinge waarbinne die proses plaasgevind het. Die inhoud van die kategese, wat deelnemend gekonstrueer was. Die groep van nege-en-twintig jongmense wat met finalejaarkategese besig was, word binne konteks betrek by deelnemende pastorale kategese. My metode was om binne die gemeente, in die kategese, `n ruimte te skep waarbinne die katkisante deelnemend die kategetiese proses gekonstrueer het. Sodoende sou die klem op deelname val wat die hooffokus van die studie is. Die aandag wat daar aan die katkisante se lewensverhale gegee word maak die narratiewe diskoers relevant vir hierdie studie. Kategese binne hierdie studie het 'n deelnemende karakter. Die volgende benaderings het die deelnemende karakter ondersteun. Die kategesepraktyk skuif na `n pastorale benadering. Die leerinhoude se klem verskuif na verhoudings. Die kategetiese inhoud word sosiaal gekonstrueer. Despite the fact that most youth from the Dutch Reformed Church are of school going age during their final year of catechism, insufficient attention is given to the life stories of these young people. My research project on faith development with a group of young people involved in catechism was shaped by a pastoral theological perspective and a social constructionist discourse. Over a period of a year a process of qualitative research was conducted with a group of twenty-nine young conformants. The aim was to encourage faith development by given attention to their faith stories with the intention for them to write their own confessions of faith. Afterwards the process was reflected on. The study was guided by three themes. The context in which the study was conducted, consisted of the congregation, society at large, paradigms and relationships in which the process took place. The context of the catechism was conducted is a participatory manner. The third theme was the group of twenty-nine young people that participated in their final year of catechism in which the context of participatory pastoral catechism was focused on. The approach that was followed, was create space within the congregation for catechism to be conducted in a participatory manner with the twenty-nine young participants. In this way participation which is the main focus of this study is accentuated. The attention to the life stories of these young people makes the narrative discourse relevant to the study. Catechism according to this study has a participatory character that is supported by the following approaches. The practice of catechism shifts to a pastoral approach. The content of the catechism shifts to relationships. The content of the catechism becomes socially constructed. / Practial Theology / D. Th. (Pastoral Therapy)

Il lavoro si propone come studio sul Cammino Neocatecumenale dalle sue origini ai giorni d’oggi attraverso l’analisi degli elementi caratteristici del movimento (la sua struttura, le pratiche liturgiche e i seminari Redemptoris Mater). Basata su fonti archivistiche conservate negli archivi diocesani di Madrid e Firenze, la ricerca ricostruisce la vicenda storica del movimento fin dalle sue primissime fasi, tanto nell’opera del fondatore Francisco “Kiko” Argüello, quanto nell’intervento di altre figure ecclesiali (l’arcivescovo di Madrid, Casimiro Morcillo, e don Dino Torreggiani, fondatore dei Servi della Chiesa). La ricerca è stata poi ampliata dall’utilizzo di fonti inedite interne al Cammino Neocatecumenale (Direttorio catechetico) e dai documenti curiali e pontifici che hanno regolato l’inserimento dell’esperienza Neocatecumenale nel contesto più ampio dell’atteggiamento della Chiesa cattolica nei confronti delle associazioni, movimenti e gruppi laicali nei decenni che fecero seguito al Concilio Vaticano II. In questo contesto la ricerca evidenzia inoltre alcune analogie tra l’intuizione originaria dell’Argüello e le espressioni del dissenso cattolico degli anni Sessanta e Settanta all’interno delle quali ha avuto luogo la ripresa di certi aspetti della teologia di Dietrich Bonhoeffer nel messaggio proprio del Cammino Neocatecumenale. / The research aims to study the Neocatechumenal Way from its foundation right up to nowadays through the movement’s peculiar aspects (its structure, liturgical practices and the Redemptoris Mater seminaries). Based on documents preserved in the diocesan archives of Madrid and Firenze, the survey reconstructs the movement’s history from its beginnings, so much in its founder’s (Francisco “Kiko” Argüello) work, as in the intervention of other ecclesial figures (the archbishop of Madrid, Casimiro Morcillo, and don Dino Torreggiani, founder of the Servi della Chiesa). The survey has been expanded using unpublished sources within the Neocatechumenal Way (Direttorio catechetico) and the curial and papal documents that set the insertion of the Neocatechumenal’s experience into the wider context of the Catholic Church’s attitude towards associations, movements and lay groups in the decades that followed the Second Vatican Council. In this context, the research also highlights some similarities between the Argüello’s original intuition and the expressions of Catholic dissent of the Sixties and Seventies in which the resumption of certain aspects of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theology took place in the message of the Neocatechumenal Way.

The decades before the Scottish Reformation Parliament of 1560 witnessed the unprecedented use of a range of different media to disseminate the Protestant message and to shape beliefs and attitudes. By placing these works within their historical context, this thesis explores the ways in which various media – academic discourse, courtly entertainments, printed poetry, public performances, preaching and pedagogical tools – were employed by evangelical and Protestant reformers to persuade and/or educate different audiences within sixteenth-century Scottish society. The thematic approach examines not only how the reformist message was packaged, but how the movement itself and its persuasive agenda developed, revealing the ways in which it appealed to ever broader circles of Scottish society. In their efforts to bring about religious change, the reformers capitalised on a number of traditional media, while using different media to address different audiences. Hoping to initiate reform from within Church institutions, the reformers first addressed their appeals to the kingdom's educated elite. When their attempts at reasoned academic discourse met with resistance, they turned their attention to the monarch, James V, and the royal court. Reformers within the court utilised courtly entertainments intended to amuse the royal circle and to influence the young king to oversee the reformation of religion within his realm. When, following James's untimely death in 1542, the throne passed to his infant daughter, the reformers took advantage of the period of uncertainty that accompanied the minority. Through the relatively new technology of print, David Lindsay's poetry and English propaganda presented the reformist message to audiences beyond the kingdom's elite. Lindsay and other reformers also exploited the oral media of religious theatre in public spaces, while preaching was one of the most theologically significant, though under-researched, means of disseminating the reformist message. In addition to works intended to convert, the reformers also recognised the need for literature to edify the already converted. To this end, they produced pedagogical tools for use in individual and group devotions. Through the examination of these various media of persuasion, this study contributes to our understanding of the means by which reformed ideas were disseminated in Scotland, as well as the development of the reformist movement before 1560.