Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-21T12:15:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS ARTUR NASCIMENTO VIEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2016.pdf: 1877609 bytes, checksum: 86c3c3659b1ee15c0e906fc7298d37ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T12:15:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS ARTUR NASCIMENTO VIEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2016.pdf: 1877609 bytes, checksum: 86c3c3659b1ee15c0e906fc7298d37ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Capes / MDA, ou Model-driven Architecture, é um padrão definido pelo Object Management Group (OMG) que permite a geração de modelos por outros modelos por meio das Transformações MDA, um conjunto de operações que relacionam elementos de um ou mais modelos de entrada e saída. As transformações podem ser escritas por meio de linguagens como Query/View/Transformation (QVT), outro padrão do OMG. Como em linguagens de programação, pode-se fazer necessária a adição de funcionalidades que acabam se cruzando no código (como logging e rastreio, por exemplo), podendo resultar em cross-cutting concerns na transformação. Esse problema pode então ser enfrentado por meio do Paradigma Orientado a Aspectos. Presentemente, não encontramos soluções que aplicam, especificamente, aspectos para a solução de cross-cutting concerns em transformações escritas na linguagem QVT. Assim, nós propomos e desenvolvemos uma linguagem de aspectos para QVT, de nome AQVT, além de um compilador que realiza o weaving do código AQVT com o código original QVT. Utilizando-se de métricas sobre os programas QVT e a execução das transformações AQVT, realizamos um estudo empírico sobre a linguagem AQVT proposta. Identificamos nesse estudo que ocorre uma melhora fraca na qualidade de leitura e uma boa melhora na modularidade dos código QVT e AQVT, se comparado com uma transformação equivalente escrita puramente em QVT. Contudo, não foi possível realizar uma implementação completa de todas as funções do Paradigma de Aspectos e de alguns elementos da linguagem QVT em AQVT, deixando essas atividades como trabalhos futuros. / MDA (Model-Driven Architecture) is a standard specified by the Object Management group (OMG) that allows a developer to generate models from models by means of MDA Transformations, a set of functions that match and bind elements between source and target models. Transformations can be written in languages such as Query/View/Transformations Language (QVT), another OMG standard. As with programming languages, the addition of features in the code that cut through it (like logging and tracing) may cause cross-cutting concerns in the transformation. This problem can then be addressed through the use of the Aspect Oriented Paradigm. Currently, we could not find solutions that used Aspects for the specific problem of crosscutting concerns within QVT transformations. We proposed and developed an aspects language for QVT, named AQVT, along with a compiler that weaves both the QVT and AQVT codes into a single program. With the assistance of metrics applied to the QVT programs and the execution of AQVT code, we have performed an empirical research for the proposed QVT language. We identified that the quality of reading improved slightly and the modularity of the program increased, when comparing the code between two equivalent transformations (one with an AQVT module and the other without it). However, we were not able to completely implement all of the functions from the Aspects Paradigm nor some of the elements from the QVT language into AQVT and propose those activities as our future work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:00:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7122_1.pdf: 1649883 bytes, checksum: 5e4109867fef651c2cd98d144b166e55 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Refactoring tem sido muito útil na reestruturação de programas orientados a objetos. Esta técnica pode proporcionar benefícios similares aos programas orientados a aspectos. Sendo assim, refactoring pode ser uma técnica interessante para introduzir aspectos em uma aplicação existente, orientada a objetos. No intuito de explorar os benefícios proporcionados pelos refactorings, desenvolvedores de aplicações orientadas a aspectos estão identificando transformações comuns para tais aplicações, em sua maioria, para a linguagem AspectJ, uma linguagem orientada a aspectos de propósito geral que estende Java. No entanto, estas transformações não possuem suporte para garantir que preservam o comportamento externo da aplicação. Tal propriedade garante que as transformações são de fato refactorings. Este trabalho foca neste problema e introduz leis de programação para AspectJ que podem ser usadas para derivar transformações que preservam comportamento (refactorings) para um subconjunto desta linguagem. Leis de programação definem equivalência entre dois programas, desde que algumas restrições sejam respeitadas. Nosso conjunto de leis não somente define como introduzir ou remover construções de AspectJ, como também como reestruturar aplicações nesta linguagem. Aplicando e compondo as leis, pode-se mostrar que uma transformação AspectJ é de fato um refactoring. Leis são apropriadas para isso pois são bem mais simples do que a maioria dos refactorings. Comparando com refactorings, as leis envolvem transformações localizadas e somente uma construção da linguagem por vez, além de seram bi-direcionais. As leis formam uma base para a definição de refactorings com uma certa confiança de que estes preservam comportamento. Nós avaliamos as leis de duas formas. A primeira utiliza as leis para derivar refactorings já existentes na literatura. Isto ajuda a definir com mais precisão as precondições associadas a estes refactorings, alem de verificar se eles preservam comportamento. A segunda forma de avaliação utiliza as leis e alguns refactorings derivados destas para reestruturar duas aplicações Java. A implementação de comportamento transversal nestas aplicações é reestruturada utilizando construções de AspectJ para tornar tal comportamento modular. Isto ilustra que as leis podem também ser úteis para transformar aplicações orientadas a objetos em aplicações orientadas a aspectos

Bakgrund: Endast en knapp tredjedel av män över 65 år har visat sig uppnå Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) rekommendation om 150 minuter fysisk aktivitet per vecka. Äldre kvinnors upplevelser kring motiverande faktorer för utövande av fysisk aktivitet har studerats, men motsvarande studie för män har inte kunnat identifieras.   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som män i åldrarna 65 – 80 år upplever har betydelse för utövandet av fysisk aktivitet.   Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Fem män mellan 71–78 år intervjuades. Deltagarna rekryterades enligt ett bekvämlighetsurval. Intervjumaterialet bearbetades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.   Resultat: Fyra kategorier med underkategorier av betydelse för utövande av fysisk aktivitet framkom; ”främjande av fysisk aktivet”, ”positiv social påverkan och positiv inställning”, ”försvårande av fysisk aktivitet”, ”tidskrävande arbete och sjukdomar”, ”fysisk aktivitet i livets olika perioder”, ”fysisk aktivitet som ung och fysisk aktivitet idag och ”oro för framtiden”.   Slutsats: Det finns många faktorer som män mellan 65 - 80 år upplever har betydelse för utförandet av fysisk aktivitet. Faktorer som upplevdes främja fysisk aktivitet, faktorer som upplevdes försvåra och oro inför framtiden framkom. Faktorer av betydelse för utövandet av fysisk aktivitet bör identifieras för att stärka möjligheterna till utförandet för varje individ. / Background:  Less than a third of men older than 65 years old were physically active more than 150 minutes per week, which is the recommendation from the World Health Organization (WHO). In elderly women, the impact on performance of physical activity has been investigated, but a corresponding study for elderly men has not been found.   Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to investigate key factors that men in the age of 65-80 experienced had impact on performing physical activity.   Method: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews were used. Five men between 71-78 years old were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis was performed when analysing the data. Results: Four categories with subcategories that impact on the performance of physical activity emerged; “promotion of physical activity”, positive social affection and positive determination, “obstruction of physical activity”, time consuming work and diseases “physical activity during different periods in life”, physical activity in adolescent and physical activity today, and “worries about the future”. Conclusions: There are several key factors that men, in the age of 65 – 80 years, experience have an impact on physical activity performance. Factors that promote and hinder physical activity and worries for the future emerged. Factors with significant importance on performing physical activity should be identified for increasing the possibilities for each individual to become physically active.

Implementation of previous U.S. standards-based education initiatives has been challenging due to, among other issues, the lack of common and consistent meaning of ‘proficiency’ among states. Implementing new education standards for educators means undertaking actions to understand the skills to be taught, develop curriculum, make curriculum more accessible to students, and effectively assess the skills being taught. This single-site qualitative collective case study investigated how three secondary in-service teachers and one secondary student teacher navigated implementation of the Common Core State Standards in a Midwestern rural secondary school.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) has become essential to front-end web development for the specification of style. But despite its simple syntax and the theoretical advantages attained through the separation of style from content and behavior, CSS authoring today is regarded as a complex task. As a result, developers are increasingly turning to CSS preprocessor languages and web frameworks to aid in development. However, previous studies show that even highly popular websites which are known to be developed with web frameworks contain CSS code smells such as duplicated rules and hard-coded values. Such code smells have the potential to cause adverse effects on websites and complicate maintenance. It is therefore important to investigate whether web frameworks may be encouraging the introduction of CSS code smells into websites. In this thesis, we investigate the prevalence of CSS code smells in websites built with different web frameworks and attempt to recognize a pattern of CSS behavior in these frameworks. We collect a dataset of several hundred websites produced by each of 19 different frameworks, collect code smells and other metrics present in the CSS code of each website, train a classifier to predict which framework the website was built with, and perform various clustering tasks to gain insight into the correlations between code smells. Our results show that CSS code smells are highly prevalent in websites built with web frameworks, we achieve an accuracy of 39% in correctly classifying the frameworks based on CSS code smells and metrics, and we find interesting correlations between code smells.

No description available.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disease impacting more than 8.3% of adults in the United States. Diabetes-related care accounts for more than 11% of all patient care expenditures. The purpose of this project was to identify the primary concerns of members of the T2DM patient population in an underserved clinic in rural southcentral United States and to make recommendations for a staff diabetes education program to address these concerns. Orem's theory of self care outlined the importance of educating and supporting patients in their efforts to manage their own healthcare. Knowles's assumptions of how adult's learn guided the design and provided guidelines for the planning and implementation of the education program. The practice-focused question explored the major concerns of T2DM patients receiving care at the primary care clinic. Clinic providers completed the Diabetic Care Concern Assessment (DCCA) with all adult patients (n = 45) diagnosed with T2DM during primary care patient visits. DCCA responses were placed on an excel spreadsheet and analyzed for themes. Major themes from qualitative analysis of participant responses included fear of the disease, managing daily diabetes control, having additional education on diabetes, learning more about control strategies for diabetes, and helping with daily diabetes management. Findings will promote positive social change at the clinic as providers target specific concerns of their individual patients. T2DM patients may experience improved quality of life as they become empowered to manage their disease. The education program will also lead to the development and implementation of patient treatment plans that potentially decrease complications associated with diabetes.

No description available.

Swedish correctional facilities are under heavy pressure; overcrowding and its difficulties are threatening security. The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of correctional officers' reflections on risk, concerns, consequences of overcrowding and risk minimizing measures existing in custody. Three research questions are asked: How do employees reflect their concerns in relation to work-related risk, and how can ontological security be disturbed? What risks and concerns do employees reflect on in relation to prevailing overcrowding? And how do correctional officers reflect on which risk management the authorities taken to minimize risks for the employees? Little previous research has focused on custody. Nevertheless, research in custody service showed, influencing factors on staff regarding psychosocial factors, exposure to violence and the consequences of overcrowding. This study is based on qualitative interviews where correctional officers reflected over the before mentioned research questions. The result showed a sociologically interesting and social problem that several risks and concerns in relation to how employee’s workplace effects private life. For example, education was found to be a risk prevention measure in order to minimize risks and increase risk awareness among correctional officers. Furthermore, it showed how the phenomena of overcrowding has an impact on and increases solitary work. / Kriminalvården i Sverige är under hård belastning och överbeläggningens placeringssvårigheter hotar säkerheten. Syftet med denna studie är att erhålla empirisk kunskap om häktesanställdas erfarenheter av risk, orosmoment, synliggöra konsekvenser av överbeläggning samt hanteringsåtgärder myndigheten vidtagit i syfte att minimera risker. Vidare ställs tre frågeställningar: Vilka orosmoment reflekterar häktesanställda över i relation till arbetets risker samt hur kan den ontologiska skyddshinnan rubbas? Vilka risker och orosmoment reflekterar häktesanställda över i relation till rådande överbeläggning? Vilka säkerhets- och riskhanteringsåtgärder reflekterar häktesanställda över att myndigheten vidtagit i syfte att minimera risker för de anställda? Tidigare forskning relaterat till häkten är relativt outforskad. Forskning inom kriminalvård belyser bland annat, psykosociala faktorer, våldsutsatthet och överbeläggningens konsekvenser. Denna studie är baserad på kvalitativa intervjuer där häktesanställda reflekterade över tidigare nämnda frågeställningar. Resultatet visar ett sociologiskt- och ett socialt intressant problem, då flertalet risker och orosmoment påträffades i relation till häktesanställdas arbetsplats och hur arbetssituationen påverkar privatlivet. Grundutbildning påträffades vara en säkerhetsåtgärd, vilken syftar till att minimera risker och öka riskmedvetenheten bland häktesanställda. Slutligen påvisade resultatet att utförandet av ensamarbete ökar och påverkas av fenomenet överbeläggning.

Behavioral problems in children are common concerns in pediatric primary care. Time is an important factor for primary care providers (PCP) and it has been shown that pediatricians spend approximately five minutes longer providing care when behavioral concerns are presented, reducing the number of patients for which they can provide care. To date, no research has looked at the relationship between the quantity of behavioral concerns and PCP time demands, which is the aim of the present study. Using a sample of 516 children at a pediatric setting in rural southwest Virginia, data was recoded to classify children in one of two groups: those with behavioral concerns and those without. Using descriptive statistics, it was found that 96 children (18.6%) presented with at least one behavioral concern (with a range of 1 to 6 total behavioral concerns). Children with behavioral concerns were compared to children with medical-only concerns (with a range of 1-7 total medical concerns). When one concern was presented and it was behavioral, it took longer to address than when patients presented with up to four medical-only concerns. Regardless of the total number of concerns presented, PCPs spent 6.57 minutes longer with children presenting with at least one behavioral concern when compared to children in the medical-only group. More specifically, PCPs spent 5.07 additional minutes when one behavioral concern was presented and 9.03 additional minutes when two behavioral concerns were presented. Despite the quantity of behavioral concerns presented and the impact such concerns have on PCP’s time, results show that 100% of concerns raised were addressed at all times by PCPs within this clinic. Although from a consumer’s prospective, this is a desirable approach, such a model is not an especially time or cost efficient way for pediatricians to spend their time. As PCPs continue to address behavioral concerns, it is critical to develop and implement strategies (e.g., prioritizing concerns, identifying less time consuming concerns, scheduling follow up appointments) to address behavioral concerns more efficiently. Furthermore, incorporation of a full time on-site behavioral health provider might be an especially efficient way to maximize patient care while also relieving providers from the additional time burdens associated with the high prevalence of behavioral concerns within pediatric practices.