O crescimento individual e coletivo está cada vez mais presente nas instituições, com isso, deve haver adequação das pessoas dentro do campo de trabalho em que estão inseridas, a fim de que, progressivamente, alcancem as metas definidas; e é a partir dessa ideia que as teorias de competências ajudam a aprimorar na parte prática das instituições. As competências são consideradas as maneiras e atos em que o ser humano consegue fazer a transferência de conhecimento com valor agregado para as demais pessoas ou organizações. Essas competências, dentro das organizações, são necessárias para as empresas que desejam participar de alguma rede colaborativa, pois é por meio de competências que as redes conseguirão manter-se, pois as organizações precisam cooperar entre si com suas melhores competências para atingirem os objetivos estabelecidos por elas. É por meio dos conceitos de competências e redes colaborativas que o trabalho é desenvolvimento em um Consórcio de Instituições de Ensino Superior Comunitário no RS – o COMUNG, do qual 15 instituições comunitárias fazem parte. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral, identificar e analisar quais são as áreas e quais as competências essenciais das IES participantes do COMUNG para contribuição de melhorias na rede colaborativa. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo de caso, foi feita revisão teórica por meio de livros impressos e digitais, dissertações e teses, do site das IES e de documentos. Para a pesquisa empírica, foram aplicados os questionários, tendo um retorno de dez universidades. Como resultado, verificou-se que as áreas que possuem maior competência dentro da rede colaborativa, que é o COMUNG, são: a gestão universitária, a gestão de pessoas, a de gestão de educação, a imagem/produtos/serviços, a gestão política, a gestão financeira, a estrutura física e internacionalização, a comunidade e regionalidade onde estão inseridas as universidades. Na dimensão redes colaborativas, 100% dos respondentes acreditam que houve melhorias após a participação da IES na rede, mas também 40% acreditam que sem a rede teriam conseguido alcançar os objetivos traçados por eles. Em contrapartida, 60% citaram que não teriam conseguido alcançar os mesmos objetivos que em conjunto alcançaram. Na última dimensão, que é o consórcio, os respondentes citaram que houve sim benefícios por fazerem parte do consórcio, quais sejam: maior representatividade, troca de experiências entre os representantes do COMUNG, a gestão universitária, assim como sua imagem/produtos/serviços foram citadas como beneficiárias. Ainda a gestão de pessoas, a estrutura e a qualidade de ensino foram atingidas positivamente. As universidades acreditam que não há muito controle sobre os benefícios e a maioria cita que são feitos através de reuniões, redes, sociais, e-mails institucionais, ações pontuais, eventos, entre outros; porém, o que nota-se também é que há instituições que não fazem nem ideia de como isso é feito e se é feito. Ainda, os representantes acreditam que deveriam criar uma metodologia para controlar e avaliar esses benefícios e os resultados obtidos após a construção do consórcio, pois hoje não são feitas essas avaliações ou, como citado anteriormente, são realizadas pela gestão universitária, pela visualização de e-mails e quantidades de reuniões que fazem no decorrer do ano, dos eventos que elaboram, do tamanho da internacionalização que têm, pois acreditam que esta também deveria ter uma importância maior, assim como a imagem/produto/serviços da universidade. Para chegar a essas conclusões, a interpretação e análise dos resultados foi feita após aplicação do questionário acompanhado do embasamento teórico de competências e redes colaborativas a aplicabilidade dos questionários no Software Atlas TI. Como contribuições do estudo, verificou-se a importância em fortalecer a rede colaborativa; dar maior importância para a continuidade da rede; criar uma central fixa da rede; usar a rede para adquirir produtos com menor custo; promover eventos com as universidades participantes do COMUNG; discutir todos temas para o engrandecimento da rede, e não apenas alguns, evitando os demais; buscar, por meio de eventos nacionais e internacionais, aprimorar as universidades, assim como o seu trabalho para os alunos, funcionários e docentes; usar a rede para conseguir novas conquistas; criar um sistema de controle de benefícios e avaliações dos resultados; e desenvolver, em maior escala, a internacionalização. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. / The individual and collective growth is increasingly present in the institutions with be to cope with that, people within the field of work in which they are inserted must adapt in order to progressively reach the defined goals. It is from this idea that the theories of competences help to improve in the practical part of the institutions. The competences are considered the ways and acts in which the human being manages to make the transfer of knowledge with added value for other people or organizations. These competences within organizations are necessary for companies that wish to participate in a collaborative network, since it is through competences that networks can maintain themselves, because organizations need to cooperate with each other with their best skills to reach the established objectives for them. It is through the concepts of skills and collaborative networks that this work develops in a Consortium of Institutions of Higher Education Community in RS - COMUNG, of which 15 community institutions are part. This work has the general goal of identifying and analyzing the areas and the essential competences of IES participating in COMUNG to contribute to improvements in the collaborative network. For the development of this case study, theoretical revision was made through printed and digital books, dissertations and theses, from the IES website and documents. For the empirical research, the questionnaires were applied, having a return of ten universities. As a result, it was verified that the areas that have the greatest competence within the collaborative network, which is COMUNG, are: university management, people management, education management, image/products/services, political management, financial management, physical structure and internationalization, community and regionality where universities are inserted. In the collaborative networks dimension, 100% of the respondents believe that there were improvements after the participation of the IES in the network but also 40% believe that without the network they would have been able to reach the goals set by them. On the other hand, 60% mentioned that they would not have been able to achieve the same goals that they jointly achieved. In the last dimension, which is the consortium, the respondents mentioned that there were only benefits for being part of the consortium, namely: greater representativeness, exchange of experiences between representatives of COMUNG, university management, as well as their image/products/services were beneficiaries. Yet people management, structure and quality of education were positively affected. Universities believe that there is not much control over the benefits and most cites that are made through meetings, networks, social, institutional emails, punctual actions, events, among others; but what is also noticed is that there are institutions that have no idea how this is done and if it is done. Still, the representatives believe that they should create a methodology to control and evaluate these benefits and the results obtained after the construction of the consortium because these assessments are not made today or, as previously mentioned, they are carried out by university management, through e-mails and the number of meetings that they make throughout the year, the events they produce, the size of the internationalization they have, because they believe that this should also be of greater importance, as well as the image/product/services of the university. In order to arrive at these conclusions, the interpretation and analysis of the results was done after applying the questionnaire, together with the theoretical basis of competences and collaborative networks, the applicability of the questionnaires in Atlas IT Software. As contributions of the study, it was verified the importance of strengthening the collaborative network; give greater importance to the continuity of the network; create a fixed network of the network; use the network to purchase products at a lower cost; promote events with COMUNG participating universities; discuss all topics for the aggrandizement of the network, not just some, avoiding others; seek, through national and international events, to improve universities, as well as their work for students, staff and teachers; use the network to achieve new achievements; create a system for controlling benefits and evaluating results; and to develop, on a larger scale, internationalization.

Orientador: Lucia Regina Durrant / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:19:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_IsisSerrano_D.pdf: 2225247 bytes, checksum: 9106b26119b1fee141fe2a577f21f1e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A biodegradação de poluentes de petróleo em um solo contaminado foi acompanhada neste estudo, avaliando o comportamento da microbiota do solo durante a utilização de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) como fontes de carbono. Através da biomassa microbiana, da taxa de respiração no solo, bem como do quociente metabólico (eficiência em degradar os compostos recalcitrantes em questão), foi possível uma avaliação do impacto na microbiota nativa do solo contaminado e nos diferentes microcosmos bioaumentados com os consórcios de bactérias, fungos, e uma mistura destes consórcios por 12 semanas. Tanto a microbiota nativa quanto os solos bioaumentados demonstraram uma rápida resposta à adaptação neste ambiente contaminado pelo aumento da biomassa e das taxas metabólicas. Durante o período de biodegradação dos HPAs, valores de evolução de CO2 foram diminuindo e a biomassa se manteve em crescimento estável, indicando menos gasto de energia para os microrganismos sobreviverem neste solo impactado, como resposta à boa competitividade e eficiência da microbiota nativa e bioaumentada. A biodegradação dos HPAs e a presença de metabólitos intermediários foram também avaliados, apresentando uma rápida redução das concentrações dos HPAs de baixo peso molecular (menores que 4 anéis aromáticos) em comparação com os de alto peso molecular, devido à sua biodisponibilidade e alta atividade microbiana de degradação. Todavia, a bioaumentação não demonstrou ser melhor que a microbiota nativa na degradação dos HPAs. É provável que o mecanismo de cooperação metabólica por co-metabolismo tenha sido realizado pela comunidade do solo, uma vez que vários HPAs complexos foram degradados. Diversos estudos apontam a presença de HPAs de menor peso molecular e seus respectivos produtos como indutores da degradação dos HPAs de maior peso molecular. Os metabólitos intermediários produzidos foram assimilados pelos microrganismos em processo cooperativo no solo, sendo responsáveis pela indução de enzimas e suas respectivas vias degradativas. Os distúrbios causados no solo pela poluição com HPAs normalmente estimulam o crescimento de microrganismos capazes de sobreviver nestes compostos, causando mudanças na estrutura microbiana do solo devido às suas adaptações nos processos co-metabólicos para a manutenção da comunidade. Neste trabalho, um solo impactado com HPAs, estocado por vários anos sob refrigeração foi analisado quanto à habilidade da microbiota nativa em crescer em alguns HPAs, individualmente, ou ainda em mistura complexa. Perfis moleculares de microbiota foram observados pela técnica de PCR-DGGE utilizando fragmentos do gene RNA ribossômico 16S durante 4 semanas. O número de bandas observadas foi interpretado como os membros dominantes na comunidade, e os diferentes perfis mostraram diferentes dinâmicas de degradação dos HPAs em meio contendo ou não fatores essenciais de crescimento (micronutrientes e vitaminas). Espécies ativas metabolicamente mostraram-se predominantes na interação com a comunidade e na cooperação catabólica. Após enriquecimento do solo original por 6 meses, apenas duas bandas foram visulizadas em gel, correspondendo à duas colônias morfologicamente diferentes isoladas em meio ágar, sendo identificadas como sendo do gênero Pseudomona, mais provavelmente Pseudomonas stutzeri (98% de similaridade). Esta espécie possui alta capacidade de transformação natural no solo, gerando mutantes. Diferenças genéticas entre as colônias de P. stutzeri foram confirmadas por PFGE, as quais apresentaram bandas para os genes catabólicos nahA-dioxigenase, catecol-1,2 e 2,3-dioxigenases, responsáveis por codificar as respectivas enzimas atuantes nas principais vias metabólicas de degradação dos HPAs / Abstract: The biodegradation of petroleum derivatives in a contaminated soil was evaluated in this study monitoring the behavior of the soil microbiota when using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as carbon sources. Analyzing C-biomass, respiration rates (CO2 evolution) and metabolic quotient (which means the efficiency in degrading PAHs), it was possible to evaluate the impact of the contaminated soil in the native microbiota and soil bioaugmented with bacterial and fungal consortia or a mixture of these consortia for 12 weeks in microcosms. Even the native microbiota or the bioaugmented soils performed a rapid response regarding to their adaptation into contaminated environment due to the increase of biomass and respiration rates. During the PAH biodegradation period, CO2 evolution values remained steady, indicating less loss of energy to the survival microorganism into the impacted soil, a good competitiveness, and also an efficiency of both native and bioaugmented populations. The biodegradation of PAHs and the production of metabolic intermediates were assessed, and low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs (less than 4 rings) had fast reduction in their concentrations comparing with the high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs, probably due to their bioavailability and the high microbial activity. Bioaugmentations were not better than native microbiota in the PAHs degradation performances, and it is believed that the cooperative mechanism under co-metabolism could be responsible for the degradation of HMW-PAHs. Metabolic intermediates were assimilated by microorganisms in a cooperative process, inducing some key-catabolic pathways enzymes. The pollution of soil by PAHs could stimulate the growth of organisms capable of surviving in the presence of these compounds, changing the soil microbial structure due a catabolic adaptation process. In this study, another PAH-impacted soil, collected from a manufacturing gas plant and stored for several years was analyzed regarding to the remained ability of the native microbiota to grow on individual PAHs or on its mixtures. Molecular profiles of the microbial community were observed using PCR-DGGE of the 16S rDNA fragment for 4 weeks. The number of bands was interpretated as dominant members into the community, and differences in profiles showed different PAH degradation dynamics in mineral medium with or without micronutrients and vitamins. Catabolically activated species were predominant in the community, and after several enrichment steps for 6 months, only two bands were observed in DGGE, corresponding to two colonies showing morphological differences, identified as Pseudomonas genus, very close to Pseudomonas stutzeri (98% of similarity). This specie has high capacity of natural transformation in soil, generating some mutants. Genetical differences were found between colonies using PFGE, and the presence of catabolic genes as nahA-dioxygenase, cathecol-1,2- and 2,3- dioxygenases were confirmed by PCR products in agarose gel electrophoreses / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar se as bibliotecas envolvidas em atividades de consórcio estão atuando como instrumentos sociais de democratização e ampliação do acesso à informação científica através de suas políticas de desenvolvimento de coleções. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso de consórcio de bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras para aquisição de periódicos científicos. Por meio de uma postura dialética como forma de conhecimento e como método de pensar o objeto de estudo, foi realizada uma análise do contexto sócio-econômico caracterizado pela globalização eletrônica, o processo de crescente exclusão social e a mudança no fluxo do conhecimento científico para uma cultura do digital, buscando verificar quais as relações implícitas e explícitas que afetam o desenvolvimento de coleções e ampliam uma tendência marcada pelo agravamento da infoexclusão digital no Brasil em tempos recentes. Constatou-se que a forte presença de oligopólios de poder no mercado internacional de periódicos científicos e a existência de um contexto dominado pela diminuição crescente de recursos financeiros nas bibliotecas brasileiras, sobretudo a partir da década de noventa, tem restringido a amplitude das metas de consórcios e impedido que se maximize, assim, o ganho social em longo prazo. Os resultados da pesquisa também revelaram que persistem desafios para o desenvolvimento de coleções através de atividades cooperativas, dentre eles o fortalecimento das atividades de marketing executadas pelas bibliotecas participantes, permitindo maior disseminação dos recursos eletrônicos existentes e um maior poder de negociação do consórcio com os oligopólios do mercado de periódicos científicos. Além disso, ficou constatada uma carência real pela realização de novos consórcios de bibliotecas, que contemplem outros tipos de documentos que não periódicos científicos e associados às bibliotecas públicas e regionais, possibilitando uma democratização do conhecimento para uma maior parcela da sociedade, minimizando a exclusão digital existente. / The research aimed at evaluating the consortia activities in terms of its performance as social instruments of democratization and broadening of scientific information access, by means of its policies of collection development. A case of study of brazilian University libraries’ consortia for the acquisition of scientific journals was carried out. By means of a dialectal point of view as a way to develop new knowledge and methodology for this research’s subject matter, an analyses of the electronic globalization’s social and economic context was performed, as for the growing of social exclusion, and the change in the flow of scientific knowledge towards a digital culture. The analysis above struggles to check implicit and explicit relations affecting collection development and widening a trend, marked by the gravity of current digital exclusion in Brazil. Research findings revealed that : the presence of scientific publishers monopoly power and the lower budgets of the brazilian libraries in the nineties, have restricted consortia’s purposes as well as blocked likely long-term social gains; challenges for collection development through cooperative activities still persist among them, the strenghtening of marketing actions performed by those participating libraries, allowing greater electronic resources dissemination, as well as greater negotiation posssibilities between consortium and monopolies in the scientific periodicals market ; lack of new libraries consortia embracing other types of documents – non-scientific journals – associated with public and regional libraries, allowing knowledge democratization to greater extents of society, minimizing digital exclusion.

Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar se as bibliotecas envolvidas em atividades de consórcio estão atuando como instrumentos sociais de democratização e ampliação do acesso à informação científica através de suas políticas de desenvolvimento de coleções. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso de consórcio de bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras para aquisição de periódicos científicos. Por meio de uma postura dialética como forma de conhecimento e como método de pensar o objeto de estudo, foi realizada uma análise do contexto sócio-econômico caracterizado pela globalização eletrônica, o processo de crescente exclusão social e a mudança no fluxo do conhecimento científico para uma cultura do digital, buscando verificar quais as relações implícitas e explícitas que afetam o desenvolvimento de coleções e ampliam uma tendência marcada pelo agravamento da infoexclusão digital no Brasil em tempos recentes. Constatou-se que a forte presença de oligopólios de poder no mercado internacional de periódicos científicos e a existência de um contexto dominado pela diminuição crescente de recursos financeiros nas bibliotecas brasileiras, sobretudo a partir da década de noventa, tem restringido a amplitude das metas de consórcios e impedido que se maximize, assim, o ganho social em longo prazo. Os resultados da pesquisa também revelaram que persistem desafios para o desenvolvimento de coleções através de atividades cooperativas, dentre eles o fortalecimento das atividades de marketing executadas pelas bibliotecas participantes, permitindo maior disseminação dos recursos eletrônicos existentes e um maior poder de negociação do consórcio com os oligopólios do mercado de periódicos científicos. Além disso, ficou constatada uma carência real pela realização de novos consórcios de bibliotecas, que contemplem outros tipos de documentos que não periódicos científicos e associados às bibliotecas públicas e regionais, possibilitando uma democratização do conhecimento para uma maior parcela da sociedade, minimizando a exclusão digital existente. / The research aimed at evaluating the consortia activities in terms of its performance as social instruments of democratization and broadening of scientific information access, by means of its policies of collection development. A case of study of brazilian University libraries’ consortia for the acquisition of scientific journals was carried out. By means of a dialectal point of view as a way to develop new knowledge and methodology for this research’s subject matter, an analyses of the electronic globalization’s social and economic context was performed, as for the growing of social exclusion, and the change in the flow of scientific knowledge towards a digital culture. The analysis above struggles to check implicit and explicit relations affecting collection development and widening a trend, marked by the gravity of current digital exclusion in Brazil. Research findings revealed that : the presence of scientific publishers monopoly power and the lower budgets of the brazilian libraries in the nineties, have restricted consortia’s purposes as well as blocked likely long-term social gains; challenges for collection development through cooperative activities still persist among them, the strenghtening of marketing actions performed by those participating libraries, allowing greater electronic resources dissemination, as well as greater negotiation posssibilities between consortium and monopolies in the scientific periodicals market ; lack of new libraries consortia embracing other types of documents – non-scientific journals – associated with public and regional libraries, allowing knowledge democratization to greater extents of society, minimizing digital exclusion.

Thesis (PhD (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / The agro-processing industry is currently facing losses due to microbial spoilage of agricultural produce and associated value-added products such as beverages. Decay and undesired fermentation of fruit and beverages by fungal, yeast and bacterial spoilage organisms are among the major contributors of product losses in the food industry. When looking at the different level of food spoilage, it is common to find different spoilage organisms occurring in the same food item; which usually requires food producers to utilise a mixture of synthetic preservatives for spoilage organism control. Some of the synthetic chemical compounds with growth inhibition properties that have been used in food preservation are sulphur dioxide, benzoic, lactic, sorbic and acetic acid. These compounds act against a variety of spoilage microorganisms. In post-harvest control of fungi, triazoles, hydroanilide fenhexamid, dicarboximides and succinate dehydrogenase are also being used. Some spoilage organisms have been found to be resistant to the use of synthetic chemical preservatives which usually favour the use of higher dosage of preservatives in food. The use of synthetic chemicals as preservative and as postharvest control agents has been found to present serious health risks such as cardiovascular diseases, muscles and stomach pains, eyesight and skin damages and impairment of brain functions. The problem posed by the current use of synthetic chemicals in food put pressure on food producers and exporters to seek alternatives that will allow for the eradication of the use of synthetic chemicals as preservative in beverages and as postharvest control agents on fruits. Yeasts have been found to have the ability to grow at a faster rate on cheap media and to colonise dried surfaces rapidly. It has also been found that yeasts produce extracellular compounds of proteinaceous and volatile organic nature with growth inhibition properties against spoilage organisms. The current findings lack some engineering concept that could assist in the design of a production system for high scale production of biopreservation compounds from yeasts. The availability of a cost effective production media, the growth and production kinetics data using a cheaply available nutrient sources as well as the biological thermodynamic data are some of the gaps in biopreservation bioprospecting. Although several yeasts have already been studied to have great inhibition properties against fruit fungal pathogens, it was still unclear what was the minimum inoculum dose to be able to have a fungistatic and fungicidal effect on the growth of fruit spoilage organisms. The concept of combination of biopreservatives and the interaction effect of their biopreservation activity against consortia of spoilage organisms has also been lacking. As an attempt to seek alternatives to the use of synthetic chemicals as preservatives or postharvest control agents, Candida pyralidae Y1117, Pichia kluyveri Y1125 and Pichia kluyveri Y1164 strains were assessed for antimicrobial activity against spoilage yeasts (Dekkera bruxellensis, Dekkera anomala, Zygosaccharomyces bailii) and spoilage fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Rhizopus stolonifer). As alternative to refined media, a cost effective approach was explored whereby the use of agro-waste, i.e. grape pomace extracts (GPE), as production medium for biopreservation compounds, was studied. Production kinetics using modified existing models, subsequent to optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) for biopreservation compounds production was studied for the three biocontrol yeasts using GPE broth as the fermentation medium. The evaluation of the interaction study between mixtures of crude biopreservatives against consortia of common spoilage organisms present in beverages was also conducted by producing the crude biopreservation compounds separately from yeasts and then formulating growth inhibition combinations (GICs); GIC 1 (Candida pyralidae Y1117 and Pichia kluyveri Y1125); GIC 2 (C. pyralidae Y1117 and P. kluyveri Y1164), GIC 3 (P. kluyveri Y1125 and Pichia kluyveri Y1164); GIC 4 (C. pyralidae, P. kluyveri Y1125 and P. kluyveri Y1164). The spoilage organism consortia combinations, i.e. SC1, D. anomala and D. bruxellensis; SC2 (D. anomala and Z. bailii); SC3 (D. bruxellensis and Z. bailii) and SC4 (D. anomala, D. bruxellensis and Z. bailii) were also prepared. This study also investigated the effect of varying inoculum dose (ID) of Candida pyralidae strain Y1117, Pichia kluyveri Y1125 and Pichia kluyveri Y1164 on the biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea by contaminating the headspace of the growth medium with a fungal plug subsequent to biotreatment with different initial inoculum dose of the respective biocontrol yeasts. Finally, grape pomace extracts was used as fermentation medium to study the biological thermodynamics of biopreservation compound production from the three biocontrol yeasts. The results obtained demonstrated some interesting results. The antagonistic properties of C. pyralidae and P. kluyveri were observed on cheap solidified medium (grape pomace extracts) as well as on fruits (grapes and apples). These yeasts produced extracellular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could be responsible for yeast and fungal growth inhibition. Twenty-five VOCs in the category of alcohols, organic acids and esters were identified by GC-MS. The results of the kinetic study showed that the highest volumetric zone of inhibition (VZI) was 1.24 L contaminated solidified media (CSM) per mL biopreservation compounds used (BCU) when Candida pyralidae Y1117 was inoculated in a pH 3-diluted GPE broth (150 g L−1) incubated at 25 °C for 24 h. Similar conditions were applied for Pichia kluyveri Y1125 and P. kluyveri Y1164, albeit under slightly elongated fermentation periods (up to 28 h), prior to the attainment of a maximum VZI of only 0.72 and 0.76 L CSM mL−1 ACU, respectively. The potential biopreservation compounds produced were identified to be isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethylacetate and 2-phenyl ethanol. The growth inhibition interaction study showed a variation in growth inhibition proficiency depending on the spoilage organisms or the consortia of spoilage organisms being deactivated. It was then suggested that, a food environment contaminated with a consortium of spoilage organisms can be controlled by employing either the crude biopreservation compounds from individual yeast or those of the following yeast combinations, GIC1-4, which showed a better growth inhibition proficiency against SC1-3. The fungistatic and fungicidal effects on the fungal pathogen were dose dependent. The fungistatic characteristics against Botrytis cinerea were displayed after 7 days when 102-105 cells mL-1 of Candida pyralidae Y1117, Pichia kluyveri Y1125 and Pichia kluyveri Y1164 were independently used in-vitro and in-vivo. However, 106-108 cells mL-1 inoculum doses displayed fungicidal characteristics. Additionally, the fungicidal property of yeasts studied was also confirmed on table grape (in vivo studies) using closed jar method. The biological thermodynamic study showed that, dried biomass molecular weight of 28.9 g/C-mol, 29.163 g/C-mol, and 27.176 g/C-mol were obtained for Candida pyralidae strain Y1117, Pichia kluyveri Y1125 and Pichia kluyveri Y1164 respectively. The results obtained successfully established useful biological thermodynamic data applicable to the design of adequate biopreservatives production system from yeasts using cheaply available nutrients source.

Resource sharing is considered to be one of the most important pillars of library service, because no single library can meet all the needs of its users. Libraries have always cooperated to meet the increasing demands of users by sharing their resources. In the past few decades, the need to establish library consortia emerged more strongly as libraries began to take advantage of technology to improve access to information and service delivery. There has been a notable increase in the formation of library consortia on the African continent. South Africa has taken the lead both in the amount of established consortia and the number of member libraries within them. This development accompanied the implementation of common library systems in consortia, where a single system is adopted by all member libraries. In the Southern African region, the library system called INNOPAC/Millennium Pac has already been adopted by consortia and libraries in Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The recently-established Lesotho Library Consortium (LELICO) also recognized the need for a comprehensive investigation to identify a common system that will effectively meet the needs of its member libraries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the successes and limitations of the INNOPAC library system operating in consortia and libraries in the Southern African region, in order to assess its suitability for LELICO. The study focused on two South African consortia (The Gauteng and Environs Library Consortium – GAELIC, and The Free State Library and Information Consortium - FRELICO), two university libraries (Namibia and Zimbabwe) and one agricultural college library (Botswana) in the Southern African region that use the system. A special emphasis was the criteria of assessment that would apply to a small, multi-type consortium in a developing country like Lesotho. Data was collected through a literature search, questionnaires, interviews, site visits, and analysis of policy and institutional documents. The target groups of the study were the library managers, system managers, and library professionals of selected GAELIC and FRELICO libraries, and the system managers of the three selected libraries in the region. The study found that the INNOPAC library system is performing satisfactorily in the chosen consortia and libraries, and that it has a positive impact on them. It performed to a high standard in all the key areas, and this may be attributed to keeping abreast of the latest developments in the library world, and offering a range of services that meet the needs of libraries. The study found further that the INNOPAC library system contributed towards increased productivity, improved customer services, and better decision making in the two consortia. However, direct access to members’ holdings was restricted by a decentralized server model adopted by these consortia. This and other lessons shaped a proposal for the implementation and management of the INNOPAC library system in LELICO. A proposed model recommends a central server as a more cost-effective management solution. The model also explains the mode of operation by member libraries and the coordinated structures that would implement and manage the INNOPAC library system, adapted to the specific requirements of a small, multi-type consortium in a developing country like Lesotho. Given its successful performance in consortia and libraries across Southern African countries, the study recommends further research into the advantages and challenges of INNOPAC for wider regional library cooperation. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Information Science / unrestricted

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sidney de Paula.pdf: 1955966 bytes, checksum: 5486373f72c4aff65e2cad6cca344e17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-12 / This study has the objective to analyse the access and use policies of electronic information resources, in particular of joumals available by consortium. Therefore, it was defined as study objective the consortium among the S?o Paulo state public universities which develop specific actions of access and sharing of electronic joumals. Having in mind the specific focus ofthe present research - the access and use policies of electronic joumals ofthe CRUESP consortium - an exhausting searching and analisys was made regarding the constitution of the consortium. To obtain thr current status of the CRUESP consortium, the current managers and the assistant ofFAPESP, who play an important role in the constitution and management process of the consortium, were interviewed. The results of the research show that the policies ofthe CRUESP consortium, that currently exists just as an implict way, should be detailed and discussed with all the actors involved: users, managers and editors. An important aspect of the current policy is to maintain the electronic filing and, at least, a printed signature, avoiding the duplicity of those resources. For the future, the consortium of CRUESP and the electronic joumals consortia in Brazil should assure the filing of collections and he improvement of the filing technologies and scientific editing of those joumals. They should also be aware to initiatives such as open Open Archives, that appears like altematives of access to the leaming and research resources. / Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as pol?ticas de acesso e uso dos recursos eletr?nicos de informa??o, em particular dos peri?dicos disponibilizados por meio de cons?rcios. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se como objeto de estudo o cons?rcio das universidades estaduais paulistas, que desenvolve a??es espec?ficas de acesso e compartilhamento de peri?dicos eletr?nicos. Tendo em vista o foco espec?fico da pesquisa - as pol?ticas de acesso e uso de peri?dicos eletr?nicos do cons?rcio CRUESP - foi feito levantamento exaustivo e an?lise da documenta??o referente ? constitui??o do cons?rcio. Para obter o retrato atual do cons?rcio CRUESP, foram entrevistados os atuais gestores e a assessora da FAPESP, atores importantes do processo de constitui??o e gest?o do cons?rcio. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a pol?tica do cons?rcio do CRUESP, que hoje existe de modo apenas impl?cito, deve ser explicitada e discutida com todos os atores envolvidos no processo: usu?rios, gestores e editores. Um aspecto importante da pol?tica atual ? a de manter o arquivamento eletr?nico e pelo menos uma assinatura impressa, evitando a duplicidade desses recursos. Para o futuro, o cons?rcio do CRUESP e os cons?rcios de peri?dicos eletr?nicos no Brasil, devem assegurar o arquivamento das cole??es e o aprimoramento das tecnologias de arquivamento e de editora??o cient?fica desses peri?dicos. Devem, ainda, estar atentas para as iniciativas como as dos arquivos abertos (Open Archives), que se colocam como alternativas de acesso aos recursos de aprendizagem e pesquisa.

This thesis examined the use of two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) for the biodegradation of poorly water-soluble compounds. TPPBs are stirred tank bioreactors composed of a biocatalyst-containing aqueous phase and an immiscible second phase containing large amounts of poorly water-soluble or toxic substrates. Degradation of the bioavailable substrate in the aqueous phase will result in equilibrium-driven partitioning of additional substrate from the immiscible phase into the aqueous phase, theoretically allowing for complete substrate degradation. Fundamental work was undertaken with the PCB-degrading organisms Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 in liquid-liquid and solid-liquid TPPBs. Initially biphenyl was used as the sole carbon source due to its hydrophobic nature and structural similarity to the environmentally relevant PCBs. The critical LogKO/W (octanol/water partitioning coefficient) of the organism was determined to be 5.5 and its growth kinetics on biphenyl were determined in a liquid-liquid TPPB. A polymer selection strategy for solid-liquid TPPBs was developed in the next chapter, and it was shown in the following chapter that biphenyl degradation in solid-liquid TPPBs was mass transfer limited, as described mathematically utilising the previously estimated microbial kinetics. The fundamental knowledge gained in the early chapters was then applied to the degradation of PCBs by the same organism. It was shown that the aqueous phase availability of PCBs is the rate-limiting step in biphasic bioreactors, and not the mass transfer rate. The low specific microbial degradation rates, resulting from substrate-limited growth were addressed with increased biomass concentrations; however, it was also found that an additional carbon source was required to maintain microbial activity over an extended period of time. Pyruvic acid was selected as a carbon source which, once added to actively PCB-degrading cells, maintained the cells’ activity towards PCBs and up to 85 % of 100 mg l-1 was degraded in 15 h. It was shown as the final contribution in this thesis that TPPBs can be combined with a PCB soil extraction step as a potential remediation scheme for PCB contaminated soil. PCBs were extracted from soil with polymer beads (up to 75 % removal), followed by biodegradation of the PCBs in a solid-liquid TPPB in which PCBs were delivered to the degrading organism from the same polymer. / Thesis (Ph.D, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2007-08-07 16:11:00.494

Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 219 - 242.