A década de 70 foi caracterizada por grande atividade de construtoras brasileiras no exterior, particularmente na África e no Oriente Médio. Nos anos 80, as organizações brasileiras destacaram-se pelo grande fluxo de investimentos realizados no exterior, e na década de 90, em conseqüência da abertura comercial que houve em nosso país, as empresas brasileiras foram buscar atualização tecnológica no exterior, para enfrentar competidores estrangeiros. Esse movimento de internacionalização caracterizou-se principalmente pelo deslocamento de empresas do setor industrial; a internacionalização das empresas de varejo é um fenômeno mais recente. Pesquisas sobre o processo de internacionalização da empresa varejista brasileira ainda não são muito numerosas no país, o que talvez se deva ao fato de que esse fenômeno ainda é relativamente recente no cenário brasileiro. Nesse contexto o estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre as teorias sobre internacionalização de empresas e o processo de expansão de empresas de varejo brasileiras para países estrangeiros e identificar o que leva uma empresa a se deslocar para outros países, para onde se desloca (por que escolhe determinados locais em detrimento de outros), quais são os modos de entrada selecionados e como as empresas se adaptam aos novos locais, sob os conceitos de internacionalização de empresas. O estudo utilizou dados secundários provenientes de teses, dissertações, artigos e Internet, além de dados primários coletados em entrevistas em profundidade com os principais gestores de dez empresas de varejo brasileiras. A metodologia de pesquisa empregada englobou a Análise de Conteúdo e a Análise de Correspondência. Um dos resultados do trabalho foi a proposta de uma Taxonomia de Encadeamento Teórico sobre a internacionalização de empresas. A análise dos dados mostrou que todas as estruturas teóricas registradas nesta tese foram identificadas no processo de internacionalização das empresas de varejo brasileiras pesquisadas. / The decade of 1970 was characterized by the intense activity of Brazilian construction companies abroad, particularly in Africa and the Middle East. In the eighties, Brazilian organizations stood out because of the large flow of investments they made abroad and in the nineties, as a result of the trade opening made in our country, Brazilian companies sought updated technology abroad to face foreign competitors. However, the movement of internationalization is primarily characterized by the displacement of industrial companies. The internationalization of retail businesses is a more recent phenomenon. Studies on the process of internationalization of Brazilian retail companies are not numerous yet in the country. This may be due to the fact that this is a still relatively recent phenomenon in the Brazilian scene. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the internationalization theories and the expansion process of Brazilian retail companies towards other countries. Additionally, by using the concepts of international business, this work sought to identify why companies go global, where they head, which entry modes they employ and how they adapt themselves to new locations. This work has utilized secondary data retrieved from theses, dissertations, articles and internet, besides primary data collected through in-depth interviews with executives from 10 Brazilian retail companies. Content Analysis and Correspondence Analysis techniques were employed. Findings a taxonomy for theoretical comprehension of the phenomenon under investigation. Data analysis showed that all theoretical frameworks employed in this work were present in the internationalization process of Brazilian retail companies.

Issues relating to individual legal certainty and security in Sweden, tensions between governmental actions to secure the collectives needs and violations of the individual’s privacy are explored. Due to the tensions between privacy and securitization, this will be achieved through the securitization framework of the Copenhagen school in international relations. A qualitative content analysis using archived files from the Swedish Data Inspection Board for the period of 2001 to 2014 is presented. Changes in discourses, diversions between the individual’s legal certainty and governmental action are noted. Needs for revision of old legal texts and rhetoric are highlighted.

Human trafficking is a heinous human rights violation, impacting as many as 40.3 million people around the globe (Global Slavery Index, 2018). In the United States of America (USA), the Trafficking Victims Protections Act of 2000 (TVPA), and its subsequent reauthorizations, comprise the bulk of the federal response to human trafficking. As a result, federal policies have received a lot of praise and scrutiny in the literature. However, less is known about statewide legislative efforts to combat human trafficking. To fill this gap, the current study analyzes state human trafficking statutes through content analysis. Overall, state legislation could best be described as a hodge-podge of laws related to three themes: 1) conceptualizing human trafficking, 2) victim centeredness, and 3) perpetrator centeredness. Accordingly, several recommendations are made that would reduce inconsistency and increase implementation of evidence-based policy. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Previous research has shown a difference on the athletes’ portrayal based on gendered language use on television broadcasting of sporting events. A content analysis on the 2018 Tennis US Open Championship Weekend for both men’s and women’s tennis matches explains the structure of the broadcasting commentating done by the network that has the rights to this tournament. The study looks at different categories of the content of the comments and the descriptors that are used to refer to both female and male athletes. Framing and priming theories were the theoretical frameworks for this study. Findings revealed no significant change was observed with athletic skill and strategy-based comments for either gender. The findings also showed that descriptors related to emotionality were more common in the commentary with women.

This study focuses on the transgender community's presence and portrayal in advertisements that reach a broad, mainstream audience base. Through a mixed-methods use of focus groups and qualitative content analysis, the content, context, and framings of ads between the years 2015 and 2018 are explored to illustrate current portrayals of the trans community and how the industry is approaching this subcultural group. Its findings contribute to advertising research by exploring current trends in trans portrayals in the cultural context they exist. Because trans advertising in both LGBTQ+ publications and to mainstream audience is largely unexplored, this study seeks to begin a conversation among advertising professionals. The main objective is to ultimately improve the number of genuine, positive portrayals of trans people in advertising and hold the industry accountable for the role they play in serving this community.

This study examined press freedom in Saudi Arabia coverage in two study periods, which are the Gulf and Yemen wars. Six Saudi newspapers, which represent Saudi regions, have been content analyzed. They are: Al Riyadh, Al Yaum, Al Nadwah, Mecca, Okaz, and Al Jazirah. The major questions are: What are the most salient issues Saudi newspapers dealt with in their editorials during the study period? What are the differences between the two periods of study? And what are the differences between the editorial features of the Gulf and Yemen wars? The normative theory-press freedom theory was conducted for this study. The results support the lack of press freedom during the Gulf War. In contrast, some newspapers have significantly improved their performance during the Yemen War, using a higher level of press freedom.

Literature describes different stances with respect to conceptual and procedural mathematical knowledge. The concept-driven versus skills-orientated perspectives have led to “math wars” between researchers, while some mathematics education specialists advocate that the five strands of mathematical proficiency should be seen as interconnected. Conceptual knowledge is the knowledge of concepts or principles, and procedural knowledge the knowledge of procedures. Both types of knowledge are critical components of mathematical proficiency. This study used a mixed methods design to analyse the relationship between conceptual and procedural knowledge. The qualitative content analysis investigated relations between procedural and conceptual knowledge within the solutions of 33 calculus items. The analysis included the number of procedural and conceptual steps needed to answer the item, item label and item classification into one of four knowledge classes based on the type and quality of knowledge. The items were included in a data collection instrument used for quantitative analysis. Rasch analysis was performed to measure item difficulty and person proficiency, and describe the underlying cognitive construct between items. The Rasch person–item map confirmed that items were not clustered together per class and that item difficulty was not linked to the number of procedural and/or conceptual steps needed to do the mathematics. Confirmatory factor analysis showed over-correlation between classes and that defined classes cannot be separated, confirming integration of procedural and conceptual cognitive processes. The relationship between procedural and conceptual knowledge within and between items is complex. Findings indicated that item solutions drew on both procedural and conceptual components that cannot be separated. Solutions could follow more than one approach and analyses could differ, since what is conceptual for one student could be procedural for another. Therefore, teaching strategies should navigate between concepts and procedures, methods and representations. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / PhD / Unrestricted

With parallel increases in both climate change effects and heightening tension between state actors within the Arctic Region, a detrimental outcome is possible if not properly understood. Handling such intricate relationship between climate change, its impacts on human society and conflicts, the Environmental Conflict lens offers a useful perspective that identifies structural conditions and behavioural mechanisms created by climate change, as drivers of conflict. However, a lack within the theoretical understanding of knowing if theorised tenants are present within the perception of actors experiencing empirical reality, does present a problem. Therefore, this research wished to answer how state actors within the Arctic Region describe the theorised structural conditions and behavioural mechanism argued to drive conflict from an Environmental Conflict lens. The study conducted a Qualitative Content Analysis to gain this understanding, focusing on the state actors respective Artic Policy/Strategy, which represented their respective perception. The research was able to identify several instances of the theoretical concepts within each case and to gain an understanding of the state actors’ description derived from the data analysis. The insights gained by the study, call for further theoretical development of Environmental Conflict lens and more proactive research engagements with the Arctic Region.

The master thesis analyses the perception of Information Warfare and Russia among German politicians. By using the Qualitative Content Analysis by Schreier, speeches given in the German Bundestag relating to Information Warfare, and Russia were analyzed from January 2015 until December 2018. Using International Relations (IR) theories and political psychological approaches, a theoretical framework was developed in order to determine factors which have an impact on the perception of politicians. The thesis divides this perception into three categories - friend, partner, and threat. Each category is analyzed in depth resulting in support for two of the four hypotheses. The thesis demonstrates that it is not only the political orientation, but also economic interests which determine if a state and its warfare tactics are perceived as a danger. Moreover, the deductive part of the analysis reveals that Russia's behavior which can be perceived as aggressive, irrational, and power-seeking, also determines whether the regime is perceived as threatening. Information Warfare per se is no issue of concern in the Bundestag. However, information warfare tactics such as disinformation campaigns, the spread of fake news and propaganda, and Russia's meddling in western politics are perceived as a danger to...

The thesis analyses Turkey's and Russia's foreign relations with each other based on the theoretical premise that democratic peace can explain similar behaviour among authoritarian regimes as well. The thesis explores Russia's and Turkey's distinct forms or authoritarianism, before employing a detailed qualitative content analysis on official documents from Russia's and Turkey's presidents and foreign ministries. The readers will attain a broader understanding of democratic theory and the link between political regimes and peaceful relations. Keywords Democratic Theory; Russia; Turkey; Political Regime; Qualitative Content Analysis; MAXQDA