Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso sobre as atividades da Contadoria e Auditoria-Geral do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE –como órgão de monitoramento da execução das políticas públicas. A CAGE é o órgão central do Sistema de Controle Interno do Estado do RS, e esse monitoramento configura-se em um dos mecanismos que permite ao Governador e seus Secretários controlarem a atuação da burocracia estadual. A Constituição Federal de 1988 ampliou significativamente as atribuições do controle interno, levando o órgão a desenvolver instrumentos para o acompanhamento da execução da política pública, bem como produzir informações para subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos estaduais. Com a pesquisa documental, mesmo com limitações, tendo em vista que os dados públicos disponíveis são muitos recentes, é possível observar que as avaliações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno sobre o desempenho da burocracia, baseadas em critérios técnicos e burocráticos, podem ser utilizadas pelos agentes políticos para alinhar a burocracia às políticas e aos programas definidos politicamente. Assim, o monitoramento realizado pela CAGE tem o potencial de funcionar como controle político, ou seja, o Governador pode utilizar as informações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno para controlar a sua burocracia e a de seu gabinete de governo. No entanto, essa utilização é circunstancial, não sistemática e dependente de forças políticas. A pressão por transparência por parte da opinião pública e a responsabilização foram algumas das contingências identificadas. Neste trabalho é possível analisar o controle interno enquanto um instrumento disponível e capaz de realizar o monitoramento de políticas públicas, mas não é possível avaliar o quanto a burocracia alterou o seu desempenho na implementação da política pública atendendo à determinação dos políticos. Se, por um lado, foi possível identificar que as atividades desenvolvidas pelo órgão burocrático de controle interno instrumentalizam o governante no controle político sobre a burocracia, por outro, é preciso aprofundar a pesquisa para identificar forças, além das já identificadas, que pudessem levar à utilização sistemática deste mecanismo. Apesar desse mecanismo existir, ele não está integrado a outros órgãos de monitoramento dentro do Estado, levando seu uso a ser contingente. Em uma futura pesquisa poderia se analisar o efeito do monitoramento realizado pela CAGE sobre as várias Secretarias, buscando identificar as respostas da burocracia ao controle político, o que permitiria uma avaliação do papel do controle interno na promoção da transparência e responsabilização governamental. / This research is a case study on the activities of the Accounting and General Auditing of the State of Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE – as a body for monitoring the execution of public policies. CAGE is the central body of the Internal Control System of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and such monitoring is configured in one of the mechanisms that allows the Governor and his Secretaries to control the performance of the State bureaucracy. The Federal Constitution of 1988 expanded significantly the tasks of the internal control, leading CAGE to develop tools for the monitoring of the implementation of public policy as well as producing information to support the decision-making process of state public managers. With the documentary research, even with limitations, considering that the public data available are very recent, it is observed that the evaluations produced by the internal control body on the performance of the bureaucracy, based on bureaucratic and technical criteria, can be used by political agents, such as the Governor and his Secretaries to align the bureaucracy to policies and politically defined programmes. Thus, the monitoring carried out by CAGE has the potential to function as political control, that is, the Governor can use the information produced by the internal control agency to manage his paperwork and his cabinet. However, such use is circumstantial, not systematic and dependent on political forces. The pressure for public transparency and accountability were some of the contingencies identified. In this work it was possible to analyse the internal control as an instrument available and capable of performing the monitoring of public policies, but it has not been possible to assess how the bureaucracy has changed its performance in implementing public policy given the politicians commands. If on one hand, it was possible to identify that the activities developed by the bureaucratic organ of internal control provides tools to the Governor in political control over the bureaucracy, it is necessary to deepen the research to identify strengths, beyond those already identified, which could lead to the systematic use of this mechanism. Although such mechanism exists it is not integrated with other monitoring bodies within the State leading its use be contingent. A further research could analyze the effect of monitoring conducted by CAGE on the various Secretariats, seeking to identify the answers of the bureaucracy to political control which would allow an assessment of the role of internal control in promoting transparency and government accountability.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso sobre as atividades da Contadoria e Auditoria-Geral do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE –como órgão de monitoramento da execução das políticas públicas. A CAGE é o órgão central do Sistema de Controle Interno do Estado do RS, e esse monitoramento configura-se em um dos mecanismos que permite ao Governador e seus Secretários controlarem a atuação da burocracia estadual. A Constituição Federal de 1988 ampliou significativamente as atribuições do controle interno, levando o órgão a desenvolver instrumentos para o acompanhamento da execução da política pública, bem como produzir informações para subsidiar o processo de tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos estaduais. Com a pesquisa documental, mesmo com limitações, tendo em vista que os dados públicos disponíveis são muitos recentes, é possível observar que as avaliações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno sobre o desempenho da burocracia, baseadas em critérios técnicos e burocráticos, podem ser utilizadas pelos agentes políticos para alinhar a burocracia às políticas e aos programas definidos politicamente. Assim, o monitoramento realizado pela CAGE tem o potencial de funcionar como controle político, ou seja, o Governador pode utilizar as informações produzidas pelo órgão de controle interno para controlar a sua burocracia e a de seu gabinete de governo. No entanto, essa utilização é circunstancial, não sistemática e dependente de forças políticas. A pressão por transparência por parte da opinião pública e a responsabilização foram algumas das contingências identificadas. Neste trabalho é possível analisar o controle interno enquanto um instrumento disponível e capaz de realizar o monitoramento de políticas públicas, mas não é possível avaliar o quanto a burocracia alterou o seu desempenho na implementação da política pública atendendo à determinação dos políticos. Se, por um lado, foi possível identificar que as atividades desenvolvidas pelo órgão burocrático de controle interno instrumentalizam o governante no controle político sobre a burocracia, por outro, é preciso aprofundar a pesquisa para identificar forças, além das já identificadas, que pudessem levar à utilização sistemática deste mecanismo. Apesar desse mecanismo existir, ele não está integrado a outros órgãos de monitoramento dentro do Estado, levando seu uso a ser contingente. Em uma futura pesquisa poderia se analisar o efeito do monitoramento realizado pela CAGE sobre as várias Secretarias, buscando identificar as respostas da burocracia ao controle político, o que permitiria uma avaliação do papel do controle interno na promoção da transparência e responsabilização governamental. / This research is a case study on the activities of the Accounting and General Auditing of the State of Rio Grande do Sul – CAGE – as a body for monitoring the execution of public policies. CAGE is the central body of the Internal Control System of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and such monitoring is configured in one of the mechanisms that allows the Governor and his Secretaries to control the performance of the State bureaucracy. The Federal Constitution of 1988 expanded significantly the tasks of the internal control, leading CAGE to develop tools for the monitoring of the implementation of public policy as well as producing information to support the decision-making process of state public managers. With the documentary research, even with limitations, considering that the public data available are very recent, it is observed that the evaluations produced by the internal control body on the performance of the bureaucracy, based on bureaucratic and technical criteria, can be used by political agents, such as the Governor and his Secretaries to align the bureaucracy to policies and politically defined programmes. Thus, the monitoring carried out by CAGE has the potential to function as political control, that is, the Governor can use the information produced by the internal control agency to manage his paperwork and his cabinet. However, such use is circumstantial, not systematic and dependent on political forces. The pressure for public transparency and accountability were some of the contingencies identified. In this work it was possible to analyse the internal control as an instrument available and capable of performing the monitoring of public policies, but it has not been possible to assess how the bureaucracy has changed its performance in implementing public policy given the politicians commands. If on one hand, it was possible to identify that the activities developed by the bureaucratic organ of internal control provides tools to the Governor in political control over the bureaucracy, it is necessary to deepen the research to identify strengths, beyond those already identified, which could lead to the systematic use of this mechanism. Although such mechanism exists it is not integrated with other monitoring bodies within the State leading its use be contingent. A further research could analyze the effect of monitoring conducted by CAGE on the various Secretariats, seeking to identify the answers of the bureaucracy to political control which would allow an assessment of the role of internal control in promoting transparency and government accountability.

The Company Siemens Industrial Turbo Machinery AB manufactures and launches in operation among other things gas turbines, steam turbines, compressors, turn-key power plants and carries out service for components for heat and power production. Siemens also performs research and development, marketing, sales and installations of turbines and completes power plants, service and refurbish. Our thesis for the engineering degree is to develop an automatic status log which will be used as a tool to control how the status of the machine is before and after technical service at gas turbines. Operational disturbances will be registered in a structured way in order to get a good possibility to follow up the reliability of the application. An automatic log function has been developed and will be activated at start, stop and shutdown of the turbine system. Log files are created automatically and get a name with the event type, the date and the time. The files contain data as timestamp, name, measured values and units of the signals which are going to be analyzed by the support engineers. They can evaluate the cause of the problem using the log files.

Este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle, para permitir a dirigibilidade de um veículo automotor, por meio do acionamento de um joystick por um usuário, que substitui o volante e os pedais do acelerador e do freio. Foi construída uma placa de controle, que recebe os sinais de controle tais como esterçamento, aceleração e frenagem vindos do joystick operado pelo usuário, processa esses sinais e aciona eletronicamente os atuadores mecânicos no volante da direção, no servo freio e no acelerador, permitindo o controle dinâmico do veículo. Para testar esse sistema de controle foi desenvolvido um simulador de dinâmica veicular, que fornece em tempo real, as respostas dinâmicas de um veículo quando solicitado pelo usuário, por meio de comandos de direção, aceleração e frenagem. Associada ao referido simulador foi desenvolvida uma bancada de testes, que inclui os atuadores mecânicos, sensores, placa de controle e o joystick, que são testados em tempo real por um usuário, dirigindo um veículo com o auxílio do simulador em uma estrada virtual, realizando manobras como curvas, acelerações e frenagens variadas. Durante os testes mencionados foi encontrada uma série de falhas, que comprometiam a segurança e a dirigibilidade do veículo. Com base nessas falhas foi construída uma árvore de falhas, para o sistema proposto, cuja falha principal era a perda da dirigibilidade do veículo. Partindo da análise qualitativa da árvore de falhas foi proposta uma série de ações corretivas, visando manter o sistema no âmbito da dirigibilidade segura, para o usuário. Finalmente, uma proposta de um protocolo de segurança, para desenvolvimento de sistemas drive-by-wire é sugerida tendo como base o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. / This work aims the development of a control system, to allow the handling of a automotive vehicle, by moving a joystick, which replaces the steering wheel, accelerator and braking pedals and is operated by a user. An electronic control board was built to receive control signals, such as steering, acceleration and braking signals, using a joystick handled by a user. It converts those signals and activates the mechanical actuators in the steering wheel, brake booster and accelerator, to allow the dynamic control of the vehicle. To test that control system, it was developed a vehicle dynamics simulator, which provides, in real time, the dynamics responses of a vehicle when driven by a user, by steering, braking and accelerating commands. Together with the simulator it was developed a test bench, with mechanical actuators, sensors, a control board and a joystick, which were tested in real time, by a user driving a vehicle with the assistance of the simulator, on a virtual road, performing maneuvers like curves, accelerations and varied braking. During the test it was found a series of faults, which affected the safety and driveability of the vehicle. Based on these faults, it was built a fault tree, to the proposed system, whose main fault was the loss of driveability of the vehicle. Based on the qualitative analysis of the fault tree, it was proposed a series of corrective actions, in order to keep the system on scope of the safe driveability. Finally, a proposal for a safety protocol for drive-by-wire systems was made, based on the development of this work.

O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar o desenvolvimento, simulação e resultados práticos de um Sistema de controle de temperatura, para Experimentos Biomédicos que utilizam soluções aquecidas com vazão variável. O Sistema utiliza um Trocador de Calor projetado para aquecer uma solução que entra no dispositivo a uma temperatura inferior ou igual à do ambiente e sai com o valor programado. A solução é aquecida a partir da água de um reservatório com temperatura controlada. O Controlador de temperatura é do tipo proporcional-integral-derivativo digital e utiliza um microcontrolador para implementação do algoritmo de controle, da aquisição do sinal dos sensores de temperatura, do comando de atuadores e da interface com o usuário / The objective of the work is to present the development, simulation and practical results of a temperature control System for Biomedical Experiments that utilize heated solutions with variable outflow. The System uses a Heat Exchanger designed to heat the solution that enters into device with a lower or the same temperature as the environment and leaves with the programmed value. The Biomedical solution is heated using the Heat Exchanger and water of the reservoir where the temperature is controlled. The digital proportional-integral-derivative temperature Controller takes use of a microcontroller for implementation of the control algorithm, data acquisition of the temperature sensors, command of actuators and user interface

In today’s business world, many organizations use Information Systems to many their sensitive and business critical information. The need to protect such a key component of the organization cannot be over emphasized. Access control has been found to be one of the effective ways of insuring that only authorized users have access to the information resources to perform their job function. Role Based Access Control has been found to be the access control mechanism that fits naturally with the organizational structure of businesses. Separation of duties is a security principle that has been used extensively to prevent conflict of interest, fraud and error control in organizations. In this thesis, we identify the various forms of separation of duties in role based access control systems. We also do a case study of the role based access control system in the banking application of a financial institution.

Examensarbetet som beskrivs i denna rapport handlar om byte av styrsystem i en CNC-svarv på företaget Precisionsdetaljer Mekatronik i Linköping. Ett Fanuc 5 styrsystem har ersatts av ett modernare Fanuc 21i-styrsystem. Rapporten beskriver det nya styrsystemet och redovisar hur arbetet med att praktiskt byta system har gått till. Arbetet indelades i tre delar, informationssökning, praktiskt arbete och dokumentation. Informationssökningen behövdes både för hopkoppling av de olika delarna och för parameter- och ladderprogrammering. Det praktiska arbetet bestod i att koppla tillsammans de delar som fanns beställda och de delar som skulle tas från det gamla styrsystemet. Dokumentationen ska finnas för framtida bruk, då service och utveckling av systemet ska ske. / This examination work describes changing of a control system in a CNC-lathe. The work has been done at Precisionsdetaljer Mekatronik AB in Linköping, a company with eight to nine employees. One Fanuc 5 control system has been replaced by a modern Fanuc 21i-system. This report describes the new control system and how the practical work has been done. The work has been divided into three parts, information searching, practical work and documentation. Information searching is needed for how to connect the different parts and for parameter-and ladder programming. The practical work consisted of connecting the new parts that were ordered and the parts that should be used from the old control system. The documentation may be used in the future, when service and development of the system will be done.

We discuss numerical methods for the stabilization of large linear multi-input control systems of the form x=Ax + Bu via a feedback of the form u=Fx. The method discussed in this paper is a stabilization algorithm that is based on subspace splitting. This splitting is done via the matrix sign-function method. Then a projection into the unstable subspace is performed followed by a stabilization technique via the solution of an appropriate algebraic Riccati equation. There are several possibilities to deal with the freedom in the choice of the feedback as well as in the cost functional used in the Riccati equation. We discuss several optimality criteria and show that in special cases the feedback matrix F of minimal spectral norm is obtained via the Riccati equation with the zero constant term. A theoretical analysis about the distance to instability of the closed loop system is given and furthermore numerical examples are presented that support the practical experience with this method.

During the last thirty years the progress of multi-touch technology has been a hot topic of discussion. Despite this, it has not been deployed in anything more advanced than commercials, games and illustrations. We believe that the time has come for the technology to become a broader and more advanced field. It should even be feasible to introduce the multi-touch technology into important environments e.g. control rooms. Two project based case studies, involving multi-touch in different aspects, will be described and discussed respectively. The first case study discusses the introduction of a Microsoft Surface as a collaboration tool in a control room environment. A prototype was built and evaluated to see how well it could work in a stressful and complex area where collaboration between colleagues is vital. The second case study describes the development and possible deployment of a smaller multi-touch screen that would work as an extra input to the control system. Its purpose is to facilitate the navigation in a control system for the operators, thereby easing their cognitive load and making the control room a more comfortable working place. The research of the case studies was based on interviews with operators and developers. From the research result appliance methods and designs were developed, and prototypes were constructed out of the best ones. The prototypes were then analyzed and tested for later evaluation and discussion. To see, whether or not the new multi-touch prototypes would function well in a control system. The objective of this thesis is to attempt to introduce multi-touch technology in control systems

The aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive overview about the one of alternative sanction incorporated into the czech penal system with effect from 1 January 2010. The thesis devotes definition of general term "punishment", its help to better understanding of house arrest, the crux of this thesis. It aims to clarify the reasons for which legislator has decided to file this sanction to system of punishment, but also it aims to outline arguments standings against these procedure. The thesis also give a historical perspective about possibilities of using house arrest in the past. The primary aim of this thesis is focus on the current legislation of house arrest from the sight of substantive law and also procedural law. My attempt was describe several imperfections of legislation and propose the method to improve it alternatively. Part of the thesis devotes to Probation and mediation service considering to actually during of control the house arrest. Without this service the house arrest probably couldn't be ussed. The thesis is supplemented by probation officials opinions and by issues which they work with every day. With this matter also associate the provision of the act about electronic monitoring which still isn't in effect and actually situation of procurement to operator of electronic...