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There is a need to identify a specific test to assess one's Simultaneous Communication skills (a combination of Sign Language with the use of spoken English). The Simultaneous Communication Evaluation and the Sign Communication Proficiency Interview were examined to compare and to determine the reliability and validity for the latter. The Illinois Course Evaluation Questionnaire was used as an independent variable. Multitrait-multimethod methodology (Campbell and Fiske, 1959) was used to examine construct validity of the two methods of assessing the twenty-eight subjects' communication skills, as well as to show their reliability. The Illinois Course Evaluation Questionnaire was used as an observation tool to obtain dichotomized scores used to measure subjects' performance in the classroom as compared with the two methods of assessing the subjects' signing skills. Based on the findings of this research, the following conclusions seem justified. A. The Receptive portion of the Simultaneous Communication Evaluation generally showed a weak relationship to the other tests with the exception of the Sign Communication Proficiency Interview's retest, with which it showed only a moderate relationship. This indicates that the Receptive portion may not be a valid way of assessing Sign Language competency. B. Since the Sign Communication Proficiency Interview's test-retest and the inter-rater reliability indicators are moderately high, with their levels of significance being lower than .05, this method of testing may be regarded as an at least moderately reliable means of assessing the faculty members' skills in the use of Simultaneous Communication. C. The correlations for the Simultaneous Communication Evaluation and the Sign Communication Proficiency Interview's test and retest are .8058 and .5477 respectively. The Illinois Course Evaluation Questionnaire, in general, showed negative correlations with the first two tests with the probability of error being higher than the acceptable .05. One may conclude from this that there is no relationship between the ability to teach and the ability to use Simultaneous Communication. It is anticipated that the outcome of this study will have an impact on various programs and agencies that provide educational and/or social services to the hearing impaired in the United States. At present there is no established, standardized method of evaluating professionals Sign Language skills and this study may well set a precedent in this area. / Ed. D.

During the past few years, Deaf culture has emerged as an important philosophy that could lead to a radical restructuring of Deaf education methods. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes concerning Deaf culture from teachers of residential based schools for the Deaf who are Deaf and Hearing.Prior to initiating direct contact with the teachers, the superintendents or principals of the selected residential schools were contacted via mail, and their permission secured. In the United States, 279 teachers (69 teachers who are Deaf, 210 teachers who are Hearing) from seven midwest residential based schools for the Deaf and in South Korea 310 teachers (26 teachers who are Deaf, 284 teachers who are Hearing) from all eleven residential based schools for the Deaf participated.Two-factor ANOVA procedures with repeated measures on one factor were utilized to analyze the teachers' attitudes toward Deaf culture in America and South Korea from a 30-question survey using a five-point Likert scale.This study concluded that: (a) Deaf culture was a subculture in mainstream society whether it was a multi- or singular cultural society--although attitudes toward Deaf culture were accepted more negatively in a singular society than those in a multi-cultural society; (b) Deaf culture was accepted by teachers of schools for the Deaf who are Deaf more readily than those who are Hearing in both multi- or singular cultural societies; and (c) there was no significant correlation between attitudes of teachers who were employed at different levels of instruction, such as elementary and middle or secondary school. / Department of Special Education

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die teoretiese doelstellings van die ondersoek behels die verkenning van sommige maatskaplike behoeftes van Dowes, asook die aard van maatskaplikewerk-hulpverlening aan Dowes in Suid-Af rika. In die empiriese ondersoek word twee aspekte ondersoek, te wete: -Dowes se menings oor maatskaplike behoeftes van Dowes; -Maatskaplike werkers in Dowesorg se menings oor maatskaplike behoef tes van Dowes en die praktyk van maatskaplikewerkhulpverlening aan Dowes. / The theoretical goals of the study include the investigation of some of the social needs of deaf people, as well as the nature of social work services to the Deaf in South Africa. The empirical research focuses on the following two aspects: -Deaf people's opinions about their social needs; -Social workers in Deaf care's opinions about the social needs of deaf people and the practice of social work services to the Deaf. / Social Work / D. Diac. (Social Work)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die teoretiese doelstellings van die ondersoek behels die verkenning van sommige maatskaplike behoeftes van Dowes, asook die aard van maatskaplikewerk-hulpverlening aan Dowes in Suid-Af rika. In die empiriese ondersoek word twee aspekte ondersoek, te wete: -Dowes se menings oor maatskaplike behoeftes van Dowes; -Maatskaplike werkers in Dowesorg se menings oor maatskaplike behoef tes van Dowes en die praktyk van maatskaplikewerkhulpverlening aan Dowes. / The theoretical goals of the study include the investigation of some of the social needs of deaf people, as well as the nature of social work services to the Deaf in South Africa. The empirical research focuses on the following two aspects: -Deaf people's opinions about their social needs; -Social workers in Deaf care's opinions about the social needs of deaf people and the practice of social work services to the Deaf. / Social Work / D. Diac. (Social Work)

South Africa has a dearth of deaf appropriate assistive resources – giving rise to deaf adolescents leaving school early and poor adult outcomes. These factors are negatively influenced by the interaction of other elements such as the inadequate cultural and social nurturing and lack of support. Approached from a bio-ecological model, to pro-actively address the support needed by deaf and hard-of-hearing persons to empower them to develop the capacity to withstand the challenges they have to endure, to stand up to and resist the negative ideas about what they are capable of. In this study, major risk factors were identified as communication deprivation and unpreparedness of parents to raise a deaf child appropriately where mediating factors were identified as social-emotional competence and deaf teaching assistants at South African Schools for the Deaf. The main findings of this study were that the need for early training of parents, access to Sign Language, deaf role models and social-emotional training in SA schools for the Deaf are proposed pathways to well-being. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Esta tese, inserida nos campos da Sociologia e da Educação, tem como objetivo investigar, a partir das perspectivas de professores surdos e ouvintes de sujeitos surdos, as representações sociais do ensino da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) e Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental I, na Educação Bilíngue para Surdos, buscando explicitar quanto essas representações interferem na prática docente desses profissionais. Para tanto, foram percorridos dois planos: o teórico e o prático. Da perspectiva teórica, estudam-se autores que dão suporte para a discussão da perspectiva sócio-histórica, a fim de estabelecer os sujeitos surdos como sujeitos culturais, que partilham a cultura a partir da sua perspectiva de língua visuo-espacial, que vem encontrando visibilidade após anos de lutas por reconhecimento que se efetivaram também pelo aspecto jurídico. Da perspectiva jurídica, os surdos ganharam espaço nos últimos 15 anos, pela educação bilíngue, ao garantir que a Libras fosse assumida como L1 e língua de instrução e a Língua Portuguesa, a L2 para os surdos. Essas conquistas recebem o suporte jurídico que aqui é discutido, a fim de problematizar o reconhecimento desses sujeitos. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas abertas com sete sujeitos, professores de quatro instituições escolares bilíngues para surdos do Ensino Fundamental I do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da primeira língua dos entrevistados. De cinco deles, professores ouvintes, por meio de áudio e vídeo gravados; e dois, um professor e um instrutor, surdos, foram apenas vídeo gravados. Aspectos recorrentes no material transcrito foram destacados a fim de explicitar as representações sociais desses profissionais a respeito de suas disciplinas e seus alunos. O material analisado permitiu concluir que, ainda que tenham ocorrido expressivas mudanças na representação do surdo no espaço entre a legislação de reconhecimento da Libras, de 2002 até o presente momento, as representações sociais dos surdos como deficientes ainda não foram totalmente abandonadas, e encontram-se em movimento dinâmico, característica ressaltada por Moscovici (2012). Nessa dinâmica, expressão como outros comprometimentos vem ocupando o lugar do termo deficiente, mostrando que se, por um lado, o déficit ainda é valorizado, existe um exercício para distanciar-se dele. A família ocupa o lugar da ausência da língua no desenvolvimento da criança surda, porém, esse lugar é identificado como consequência das representações sociais construídas a respeito dos surdos, que distanciam a sociedade circundante da língua de sinais ao colocá-la no lugar da língua do comprometido. Ao identificar essas representações, pretende-se, ao tomar conhecimento dessas representações de surdos e ouvintes, provocar ações que busquem efetivamente práticas para qualificar a educação de surdo e para que esse sujeito possa alcançar alta proficiência em ambas as línguas. / This doctoral dissertation, included in the fields of Sociology and Education, aims to investigate, from the perspective of deaf and hearing teachers of deaf subjects, the social representations of the teaching of the Brazilian Language of Signs (Libras) and the Portuguese language in the early years of primary education, in Bilingual Education for the Deaf, seeking to explain how these representations interfere in the teaching practice of these professionals. To this end, two plans have been covered: the theoretical and the practical one. From the theoretical perspective, authors who support the discussion of the socio-historical perspective have been studied, in order to establish deaf subjects as cultural subjects, who share culture from the perspective of their visuospatial language, which has been gaining visibility after years of struggles for recognition, which have also taken place in the legal field. From the legal perspective, the deaf have gained ground over the past 15 years, through bilingual education, by ensuring that Libras is assumed as L1 and language of instruction and that the Portuguese language is assumed as L2 for the deaf. These achievements receive the legal support that is discussed here, in order to problematize the recognition of these subjects. Data collection consisted of open interviews with seven subjects, who work as teachers in four bilingual school institutions for the deaf in the early years of primary education of São Paulo state. Data was obtained using the first language of the interviewees. From five of them, hearing teachers, through audio and video recorded material; and from two, a deaf teacher and a deaf instructor, through video recorded material only. Recurrent aspects in the transcribed material were highlighted in order to evidence these professionals social representations of their school subjects and their students. The material analyzed allowed concluding that, although there have been significant changes in the representation of the deaf from the legal recognition of Libras in 2002 to the present time, the social representations of the deaf as disabled have not yet been totally set aside, and are in dynamic movement, a characteristic emphasized by Moscovici (2012). In this dynamic, expressions such as other impairments have been taking the place of the term disabled, showing that, although the disability is still valued, there is an exercise to distance oneself from it. Families occupy the place of the absence of the language in the development of deaf children, but this place is identified as a consequence of the social representations about the deaf, which distance the surrounding society from sign language by considering it the language of the impaired. Awareness of these representations will hopefully trigger actions among deaf and hearing subjects which effectively seek practices to qualify deaf education and allow these subjects to achieve high proficiency in both languages.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-03-02T15:46:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaína Pereira Claudio_.pdf: 4011272 bytes, checksum: af51e15e5b27fd53906dece0d4a0ca6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T15:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaína Pereira Claudio_.pdf: 4011272 bytes, checksum: af51e15e5b27fd53906dece0d4a0ca6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / Nenhuma / A presente pesquisa busca compreender os processos comunicativos digitais nos usos e nas apropriações das mídias, especificamente, a rede social Facebook, pelos sujeitos comunicantes surdos. A pesquisa é fundamentada em argumentos teóricos que trabalham os conceitos de cultura (CORTINA, 2005), cultura surda (STROBEL, 2013), cibercultura (LEMOS, 2013), cidadania comunicativa (CORTINA, 2005), comunidade (BAUMAN, 2003), globalização (GARCÍA CANCLINI, 2007), mediação (WOTTRICH, SILVA e RONSINI, 2009), midiatização (MALDONADO, 2002) e mundialização (ORTIZ, 2003). Para que se pudessem desenvolver as práticas investigativas acerca dos usos das mídias e do Facebook pelos sujeitos comunicantes surdos, optou-se por um percurso transmetodológico (MALDONADO, 2012) a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica (HINE, 2004), estruturada em combinações técnicas como a análise de materiais de arquivo nos ambientes digitais, que são fruto de uma sistemática observação; procedimentos de aplicação de questionários: blocos temáticos e entrevistas etnográficas, com os relatos de trajetórias de vida dos quatro entrevistados surdos que registram vivências e deslocamentos territoriais digitais e novas formas de comunicação em comunidades surdas no Brasil. Por meio da análise das trajetórias históricas midiáticas, sinalizadas pelos sujeitos comunicantes surdos, sobre questões que expressam suas construções culturais e de cidadania comunicativa, desenhamos as principais apropriações comunicacionais destes sujeitos em sua inter-relação com as mídias. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o sujeito comunicante surdo vive e dá importância à sua necessidade comunicacional e informacional para resolver suas práticas cotidianas pessoais e profissionais. Os resultados também indicam que o domínio e a prática de sua língua natural são exercícios relevantes de cidadania comunicativa surda, o que representa uma contribuição comunicativa e cultural relevante ao cidadão surdo nos modos de vida midiatizados. Desse modo, as interações e experiências digitais estabelecem diferentes processos e conexões, que os vinculam à Cultura Surda, à Língua dos Surdos, à Comunidade Surda Mista e à Sociedade. / The present study seeks to understand the digital communication processes in use and the appropriation of the media, specifically, the social network Facebook, by deaf interconnecting. The research is based on theoretical arguments that work the concepts of culture (CORTINA, 2005), deaf culture (STROBEL, 2013) cyberculture (LEMOS, 2013), communicative citizenship (CORTINA, 2005), community (BAUMAN, 2003), globalization (GARCÍA CANCLINI, 2007), mediation (WOTTRICH, SILVA and RONSINI, 2009), mediatization (MALDONADO, 2002) and globalization (ORTIZ, 2003). To develop investigative practices about the uses of media and Facebook by deaf interconnecting, chosen the methodological approach cited by Maldonado (2012) from an ethnographic perspective (HINE, 2004), structured in technical combinations like archival material analysis in digital environments, which are the result of a systematic observation; proceedings of questionnaires application: thematic blocks and ethnographic interviews, with reports of life trajectories of the four deaf interviewees that record experiences and digital territorial displacements and new forms of communication in deaf communities in Brazil. Through the analysis of media historical trajectories, signaled by deaf interconnecting on issues that express their cultural constructs and citizenship practices, we design the main communicational appropriations of these subjects in their relationship with the media. The survey results show that the deaf interconnecting lives and gives importance to his communicational and informational need to solve their personal and professional daily practices. The results also indicate that the domain and the practice of their natural language are relevant exercises of deaf communicative citizenship, which represents an important communicative and cultural contribution to the deaf citizens in their media life ways. In this way, the interactions and digital experiences establish different processes and connections, which link to the deaf culture, the language of the deaf, the deaf community and the society.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences