Det finns en problematik kring anmälningsplikten för pedagoger i förskolan i mötet med barn som utsätts för våld i hemmet. Studier pekar på att pedagoger i förskolan i låg utsträckning anmäler till socialtjänsten där det borde ha skett. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och belysa pedagogers syn på mötet med barn som utsätts för fysiskt våld i hemmet samt att förstå vilket eventuellt stöd pedagogerna anser de behöver i mötet med barn som befinner sig i riskmiljön att fara illa på grund av fysiskt våld i hemmet. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning med pedagoger. Metoden vi valde att använda oss av för insamlingen av data bestod av kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi genomförde intervjuer med sex pedagoger som har arbetat olika många år inom förskoleverksamheten. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagogerna har olika erfarenheter kring barn som misstänks fara illa av fysiskt våld i hemmet. Relationer framstår som en avgörande faktor i mötet med nämnda barn. En god föräldrakontakt anses vara av vikt och pedagogerna uttrycker även att stödet i arbetslagen är viktigt och detta resulterar i att sammanhållningen i arbetslaget blir bättre. Samarbetet och relationen med socialtjänsten framträder som ett grundläggande stödbehov för att pedagogerna ska känna att de ser till barnets bästa vid en anmälan. / There are concerns relating to the notification requirement for pedagogues in preschool in the meeting with children who are exposed to violence in the home. Studies indicate that the pedagogues in preschool in low extent reports to the social services where it should have been. The aim of this study is to investigate and highlight pedagogues views in the meeting with children who are exposed to physical violence in the home. But also to understand the possible support pedagogues considers that they need in meeting with children who are in the risk environments because of physical abuse in the home. The study is a qualitative research with pedagogues. The method that we selected to use in the data collection consisted of qualitative interviews. We performed interviews with six pedagogues who have been working various many years in the preschool activities. The result of this study shows that the pedagogues have different experiences about children who are in the risk environments to fare badly because of physical abuse in the home. Relationships appear to be a determining factor in the meeting with the children. A good parental contact is considered important and pedagogues expresses teachers also expressed that the support of the work teams is important and this results in the cohesion becomes better in the work team. The cooperation and the relationship with social services appears as a fundamental support necessary for pedagogues to feel that they can see to the child's best in a notification.

Practice of architecture requires the performance of different kind of activities for the production of an architectural work. Architectural production is achieved through two major processes which are design and construction. Each involves activities peculiar to it. Conceptualizing and drawing are two examples of activities embedded in the design process. Generally, there is a time interval between design and construction, in that what is created is not realized immediately. Although there are time intervals between each process and each activity, they must somehow be related. The conventional view of architecture relates them with the aid of analogies or knowledge from socio-political framework. However, these methods divert architecture from questioning issues of the discipline itself. This thesis claims that architecture should be liberated from narratives that are used to relate design, built work and users. Moreover, it suggests that each activity takes shape not through reference to analogies or representations, but through acts at the instant of production. This thesis discusses the acts involved in design process. It claims that design requires the design of its acts as well. For that, it offers ideas about the identification and operation of acts in design with reference to certain works of architecture. The investigation concerning how acts are organized opens up a new area of research in the architectural discipline: a research concerning designography in architecture.

Consistent, accurate and timely data are essential to the functioning of a modern organization. Managing the integrity of an organization’s data assets in a systematic manner is a challenging task in the face of continuous update, transformation and processing to support business operations. Classic approaches to constraint-based integrity focus on logical consistency within a database and reject any transaction that violates consistency, but leave unresolved how to fix or manage violations. More ad hoc approaches focus on the accuracy of the data and attempt to clean data assets after the fact, using queries to flag records with potential violations and using manual efforts to repair. Neither approach satisfactorily addresses the problem from an organizational point of view. In this thesis, we provide a conceptual model of constraint-based integrity management (CBIM) that flexibly combines both approaches in a systematic manner to provide improved integrity management. We perform a gap analysis that examines the criteria that are desirable for efficient management of data integrity. Our approach involves creating a Data Integrity Zone and an On Deck Zone in the database for separating the clean data from data that violates integrity constraints. We provide tool support for specifying constraints in a tabular form and generating triggers that flag violations of dependencies. We validate this by performing case studies on two systems used to manage healthcare data: PAL-IS and iMED-Learn. Our case studies show that using views to implement the zones does not cause any significant increase in the running time of a process.

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Context information brings new opportunities for efficient and effective applications and services on mobile devices. Many existing work exploit the context dependency of mobile usage for specific applications, and show significant, quantified, performance gains by utilizing context. In order to be practical, such works often pay careful attention to the energy and processing costs of context awareness while attempting to maintain reasonable accuracy. These works also have to deal with the challenges of multiple sources of context, which can lead to a sparse training data set. Even with the abundance of such work, quantifying context-dependency and the relationship between context-dependency and performance achievements remains an open problem, and solutions to manage the and challenges of context awareness remain ad-hoc. To this end, this dissertation methodologically quantifies and measures the context dependency of three principal types of mobile usage in a methodological, application agnostic yet practical manner. The three usages are the websites the user visits, the phone numbers they call, and the apps they use, either built-in or obtained by the user from the App Store . While this dissertation measures the context dependency of these three principal types of mobile usage, its methodology can be readily extended to other context-dependent mobile usage and system resources. This dissertation further presents SmartContext, a framework to systematically optimize the energy cost of context awareness by selecting among different context sources, while satisfying the system designer’s cost-accuracy tradeoffs. Finally, this thesis investigates the collective effect of social context on mobile usage, by separating and comparing LiveLab users based on their socioeconomic groups. The analysis and findings are based on usage and context traces collected in real-life settings from 24 iPhone users over a period of one year. This dissertation presents findings regarding the context dependency of three principal types of mobile usage; visited websites, phone calls, and app usage. The methodology and lessons presented here can be readily extended to other forms of context and context-dependent usage and resources. They guide the development of context aware systems, and highlight the challenges and expectations regarding the context dependency of mobile usage.

The concept of partnership has emerged to highlight donor-recipient relationships within international development, where both large and small actors has adopted the concept that defines a contractual relationship on equality where partners have chosen to work collaboratively with agreed objectives, roles, and responsibilities. However, a common cited constraint to the formation of partnerships is the distorted power relationship in the form of e.g. differences in resources, motives and control between Northern and Southern partners. The overall aim of this study is to show how the partnership rhetoric is reflected in the development cooperation between Swedish Forum Syd and two of their partner organisations in Tanzania under prevailing circumstances. In doing so, the study focuses on theories of legitimacy, resource-dependency and social control. Linked to the empirical results of the studied partnerships, the thesis attempts to examine whether a desired authentic partnership discourse really has been possible to accomplish on the ground or not. Three qualitative methods have been used in this study, semi-structured interviews, ethnographic text analyses, and participant observations. The results that have been analysed with the theoretical framework of choice, shows that it is difficult to form any "authentic partnership" when there are differences regarding power, motives, needs and access to information between the partners, which in turn are the result of scarcity of resources and the dependency on them.