Bats are some of the most agile flyers in nature. Their wings are highly articulated which affords them very fine control over shape and form. This thesis investigates the flight of Hipposideros Pratti. The flight pattern studied is nominally level and straight. Measured wing kinematics are used to describe the wing motion. It is shown that Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) can be used to effectively to filter the measured kinematics to eliminate outliers which usually manifest as low energy higher POD modes, but which can impact the stability of aerodynamic simulations. Through aerodynamic simulations it is established that the first two modes from the POD analysis recover 62% of the lift, and reflect a drag force instead of thrust, whereas the first three modes recover 77% of the thrust and even more lift than the native kinematics. This demonstrates that mode 2, which features a combination of spanwise twisting (pitching) and chordwise cambering, is critical for the generation of lift, and more so for thrust. Based on these inferences, it is concluded that the first 7 modes are sufficient to represent the full native kinematics. The aerodynamic simulations are conducted using the immersed boundary method on 128 processors. They utilize a grid of 31 million cells and the bat wing is represented by about 50000 surface elements. The movement of the immersed wing surface is defined by piecewise cubic splines that describe the time evolution of each control point on the wing. The major contribution of this work is the decomposition of the native kinematics into canonical flapping wing physical descriptors comprising of the flapping motion, stroke-plane deviation, pitching motion, chordwise, and spanwise cambering. It is shown that the pitching mode harvests a Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) during the upstroke to produce thrust. It also stabilizes the LEV during downstroke, as a result, larger lift and thrust production is observed. Chordwise cambering mode allows the LEV to glide over and cover a large portion of the wing thus contributing to more lift while the spanwise cambering mode mitigates the intensification of LEV during the upstroke by relative rotation of outer part of the wing ( hand wing ) with respect to the inner part of the wing ( arm wing). While this thesis concerns itself with near straight-level flight, the proposed decomposition can be applied to any complex flight maneuver and provide a basis for unified comparison not only over different bat flight regimes but also across other flying insects and birds. / MS / Bats are some of the most agile flyers in nature. Their wings are highly articulated which affords them very fine control over shape and form. This thesis investigates the flight of Hipposideros Pratti. The flight pattern studied is nominally level and straight. Measured wing kinematics are used to describe the wing motion. The central motivation of the thesis is to characterize how the bat uses its wings to generate lift to counter gravity and thrust to move forward against drag forces. A mathematical filter based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is used to filter the measured wing motion to eliminate high frequency noise in the data but at the same time including including the important motions which produce lift and thrust. The filtered native kinematics is decomposed into flapping wing motions comprising of flapping mode, stroke-plane deviation, pitching motion, chordwise, and spanwise cambering. It is shown that the pitching mode harvests the low pressure region created by the Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) during the upstroke to produce thrust. It also stabilizes the LEV during the downstroke, as a result, larger lift and thrust production is observed. Chordwise cambering mode allows the LEV to glide over and cover a large portion of the wing thus contributing to more lift, while the spanwise cambering mode mitigates the intensification of LEV during the upstroke by relative rotation of the outer part of the wing (hand wing) with respect to the inner part of the wing (arm wing). While this thesis concerns itself with near straight-level flight, the proposed decomposition can be applied to any complex flight maneuver and provide a basis for unified comparison not only over different bat flight regimes but also across other flying insects and birds.

Le contrôle explicite de la convergence des sommes convenablement normalisées de variables aléatoires, ainsi que l'étude du principe de déviations modérées associé à ces sommes constituent les thèmes centraux de cette thèse. Nous étudions principalement deux types de processus. Premièrement, nous nous intéressons aux processus indexés par un arbre binaire, aléatoire ou non. Ces processus ont été introduits dans la littérature afin d'étudier le mécanisme de la division cellulaire. Au chapitre 2, nous étudions les chaînes de Markov bifurcantes. Ces chaînes peuvent être vues comme une adaptation des chaînes de Markov "usuelles'' dans le cas où l'ensemble des indices à une structure binaire. Sous des hypothèses d'ergodicité géométrique uniforme et non-uniforme d'une chaîne de Markov induite, nous fournissons des inégalités de déviations et un principe de déviations modérées pour les chaînes de Markov bifurcantes. Au chapitre 3, nous nous intéressons aux processus bifurcants autorégressifs d'ordre p (). Ces processus sont une adaptation des processus autorégressifs linéaires d'ordre p dans le cas où l'ensemble des indices à une structure binaire. Nous donnons des inégalités de déviations, ainsi qu'un principe de déviations modérées pour les estimateurs des moindres carrés des paramètres "d'autorégression'' de ce modèle. Au chapitre 4, nous traitons des inégalités de déviations pour des chaînes de Markov bifurcantes sur un arbre de Galton-Watson. Ces chaînes sont une généralisation de la notion de chaînes de Markov bifurcantes au cas où l'ensemble des indices est un arbre de Galton-Watson binaire. Elles permettent dans le cas de la division cellulaire de prendre en compte la mort des cellules. Les hypothèses principales que nous faisons dans ce chapitre sont : l'ergodicité géométrique uniforme d'une chaîne de Markov induite et la non-extinction du processus de Galton-Watson associé. Au chapitre 5, nous nous intéressons aux modèles autorégressifs linéaires d'ordre 1 ayant des résidus corrélés. Plus particulièrement, nous nous concentrons sur la statistique de Durbin-Watson. La statistique de Durbin-Watson est à la base des tests de Durbin-Watson, qui permettent de détecter l'autocorrélation résiduelle dans des modèles autorégressifs d'ordre 1. Nous fournissons un principe de déviations modérées pour cette statistique. Les preuves du principe de déviations modérées des chapitres 2, 3 et 4 reposent essentiellement sur le principe de déviations modérées des martingales. Les inégalités de déviations sont établies principalement grâce à l'inégalité d'Azuma-Bennet-Hoeffding et l'utilisation de la structure binaire des processus. Le chapitre 5 est né de l'importance qu'a l'ergodicité explicite des chaînes de Markov au chapitre 3. L'ergodicité géométrique explicite des processus de Markov à temps discret et continu ayant été très bien étudiée dans la littérature, nous nous sommes penchés sur l'ergodicité sous-exponentielle des processus de Markov à temps continu. Nous fournissons alors des taux explicites pour la convergence sous exponentielle d'un processus de Markov à temps continu vers sa mesure de probabilité d'équilibre. Les hypothèses principales que nous utilisons sont : l'existence d'une fonction de Lyapunov et d'une condition de minoration. Les preuves reposent en grande partie sur la construction du couplage et le contrôle explicite de la queue du temps de couplage. / The explicit control of the convergence of properly normalized sums of random variables, as well as the study of moderate deviation principle associated with these sums constitute the main subjects of this thesis. We mostly study two sort of processes. First, we are interested in processes labelled by binary tree, random or not. These processes have been introduced in the literature in order to study mechanism of the cell division. In Chapter 2, we study bifurcating Markov chains. These chains may be seen as an adaptation of "usual'' Markov chains in case the index set has a binary structure. Under uniform and non-uniform geometric ergodicity assumptions of an embedded Markov chain, we provide deviation inequalities and a moderate deviation principle for the bifurcating Markov chains. In chapter 3, we are interested in p-order bifurcating autoregressive processes (). These processes are an adaptation of $p$-order linear autoregressive processes in case the index set has a binary structure. We provide deviation inequalities, as well as an moderate deviation principle for the least squares estimators of autoregressive parameters of this model. In Chapter 4, we dealt with deviation deviation inequalities for bifurcating Markov chains on Galton-Watson tree. These chains are a generalization of the notion of bifurcating Markov chains in case the index set is a binary Galton-Watson tree. They allow, in case of cell division, to take into account cell's death. The main hypothesis that we do in this chapter are : uniform geometric ergodicity of an embedded Markov chain and the non-extinction of the associated Galton-Watson process. In Chapter 5, we are interested in first-order linear autoregressive models with correlated errors. More specifically, we focus on the Durbin-Watson statistic. The Durbin-Watson statistic is at the base of Durbin-Watson tests, which allow to detect serial correlation in the first-order autoregressive models. We provide a moderate deviation principle for this statistic. The proofs of moderate deviation principle of Chapter 2, 3 and 4 are essentially based on moderate deviation for martingales. To establish deviation inequalities, we use most the Azuma-Bennet-Hoeffding inequality and the binary structure of processes. Chapter 6 was born from the importance that explicit ergodicity of Markov chains has in Chapter 2. Since explicit geometric ergodicity of discrete and continuous time Markov processes has been well studied in the literature, we focused on the sub-exponential ergodicity of continuous time Markov Processes. We thus provide explicit rates for the sub-exponential convergence of a continuous time Markov process to its stationary distribution. The main hypothesis that we use are : existence of a Lyapunov fonction and of a minorization condition. The proofs are largely based on the coupling construction and the explicit control of the tail of the coupling time.

In this paper, market participants’ tendency to form investor herds in the stocks listed on Nasdaq First North Growth Market of Sweden is examined for the period from 2018 to 2023. The models used in this study to detect herd behavior in stocks consist of two measures of dispersions, Cross-Sectional Standard Deviation of returns (CSSD) and Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation of returns (CSAD), which were proposed by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang, et al. (2000), respectively. An equally-weighted index consisting of all of the stocks that have traded on this market during the period is created and a quantitative analysis is conducted. Evidence showed absence of herd behavior when using both models, as well as when accounting for robustness tests consisting of small, mid-and large cap portfolios. Our results also support the prediction of rational asset pricing models, which suggest that stock return dispersions around the market returns increase during periods of market stress.

Multiobjective Stochastic Linear Programming is a relevant topic. As a matter of fact, many real life problems ranging from portfolio selection to water resource management may be cast into this framework. There are severe limitations in objectivity in this field due to the simultaneous presence of randomness and conflicting goals. In such a turbulent environment, the mainstay of rational choice does not hold and it is virtually impossible to provide a truly scientific foundation for an optimal decision. In this thesis, we resort to the bounded rationality and chance-constrained principles to define satisficing solutions for Multiobjective Stochastic Linear Programming problems. These solutions are then characterized for the cases of normal, exponential, chi-squared and gamma distributions. Ways for singling out such solutions are discussed and numerical examples provided for the sake of illustration. Extension to the case of fuzzy random coefficients is also carried out. / Decision Sciences

在無線網狀網路(Wireless Mesh Network)中，每個節點須幫助相鄰節點轉送資料及提供使用者網路存取，例如WLAN(IEEE 802.11s)、WMAN(IEEE 802.16)等，皆可利用多跳接方式將資料轉送至通訊閘道器(Gateway)。在無線網狀網路中，常利用密集佈建的方式來解決通訊死角的問題。當網路節點的密度增加時，無線訊號的干擾也會增強，並且各節點的效能會顯著下降。 在本研究中，將利用幾何學概念，解決網路干擾問題，並提出拓樸重建演算法來重建路徑，使網路干擾達到最小化。我們試著最小化節點與節點間的干擾，以提升整體無線網狀網路效能。我們將網路問題轉換成幾何問題，並定義在幾何圖形中線段交錯問題，之後驗證在幾何圖形中是否有線段交錯的現象發生。若發生線段交錯時，則將此線段從幾何圖形中移除，並且利用三角化演算法將此區域線段重新規劃，使相鄰節點間的干擾最小。當網路拓樸建立完成後，我們利用標準差公式將干擾較大的連線移除，使得網路效能提升。上述測試線段交錯及三角化多邊形演算法可在時間複雜度O(n log n)內找到干擾最小的解。最後，我們將利用網路模擬器(Network Simulator)驗證所提出的方法是否能達到預期的系統效能指標。 / In wireless mesh networks, such as WLAN (IEEE 802.11s), WMAN (IEEE 802.16), etc., each node should forward packets of neighboring nodes toward gateway using multi-hop routing mechanism. In wireless mesh network, as the density of network nodes increases, the RF interference will increase and the throughput of each node will drop rapidly. In our research, we use the geometry to resolve the RF interference problem by rebuilding network topology. We try to minimize the interference between neighboring nodes and improve the throughput in wireless mesh network. We transform the network topology problem into geometry problem and define the line intersection problem in geometric graph, then check path intersection in the geometric graph. If line intersection occurs in the graph, we remove the intersection line from the graph and re-plan the region by triangulation algorithm. When the network topology is built up, we use a standard deviation formula to improve network performance by removing longer links. The line intersection algorithm and triangulation algorithm, both of time complexity O(n log n), are used to find the minimal interference solution. At the end of our research, we use network simulator to verify if the proposed methods can help to meet all those performance expectations.

Abstract. The work is analysing the language situation in Czech communities in Crimea and Novgorodovka village. Fieldwork data from those communities and archive material studies present main reasons of migration from Czech lands to imperial Russia and development of Czech settlements in southern Russian regions. The description of Russian and Ukrainian influence on Czech language phenomena and transformations on all language levels is given, as well as some features of Northeast Bohemian preserved in spoken Czech of Crimean settlers. Key words: Crimean Czech, Crimea, Taurida governorate, Alexandrovka, Bohemka, Tabor, Carekvich, Novgorodkovka, Czechohrad, Czech community, ethnic minority, language community, migration, pronunciation deviation, Northeast Bohemian, cross- language interference.

This paper concentrates on the area of professional assistance, especially the prevention of socio-pathological phenomena in children and adolescents. The theoretical part introduces the history and current concept of altruistic behaviour, defines the basic social areas and activities for which assisting another human being is characteristic. Attention is also devoted to the services of the helping sector and its clientele. The introduction also includes the analysis of the assumptions and demands on the performance of helping profession, its hidden difficulties and the prevention of unprofessional conduct. Social deviations are a natural part of every society. They can be carried not only by adults, but also by children and adolescents. The causes, course and consequences of socially unacceptable behaviour are studied by professionals to whom the final chapter of the theoretical part of this paper is dedicated. The practical part complements the characteristics of selected helping professions listed in the theoretical part on the basis of statements obtained under the expert survey conducted among the individual professionals. It also provides their comparison on the basis of predefined specifics.

The aim of diploma thesis "Probation and mediation as a form of work with juvenile offenders" is to elaborate the social pedagogic aspects of probation and mediation activities. It is intended to be a theoretic study and is divided into five chapters. The opening chapter is concerned for causes of delinquent beaviour and offers an enumeration of factors causing the uprise of this kind of behaviour among youth. The second chapter aims at possibilities of juvenile criminality prevention. The third chapter is employed with an institution of Probation and Mediation Services, which plays an important role on the field of terciary prevention of juvenile criminality. Fourth chapter treats with concrete ways of work of probation officers with their clients. Their work is analysed in the last chapter emphasising the social pedagogic potential of probation and mediation activities. It also mentions a possibility of social support in the work of probation officers.

Title: Competitive Balance of the selected football leagues in Europe, their development and comparison. Goals: Determining the competitive balance in the six top European football competitions. This is a Czech Gambrinus liga, Dutch Eredivisie, German Bundesliga, Austrian Bundesliga, Ukrainian Premier liha Hungarian OTP liga, compare to competition and an outline of the development trend. Methods: The standard deviation of percentage wins, correlation coefficient, the presentation of results based on percentages, graphs, trends. Results: All results are presented in the analytical part of the work, verify predetermined hypotheses and are an important source of comparison for each event and outline trends. Keywords: Competition, equilibrium, European football league, football league, static balance, dynamic balance, season, club, reform, UEFA, sport, decreased balance, standard deviation, correlation coefficient.

This diploma work named Socio-Pathological Phenomena at Secondary Vocational School and Their Possible Solution deals, in its theoretical part, with the basic terminology related with this topic. It also focuses on the risk behaviour among today's young people, and briefly introduces socio-pathological phenomena which occured at the surveyed secondary school in the last two years. It also describes other kinds of contemporary risk behaviour among young generation. At the end of theoretical part, there are introduced some of the current trends in school prevention and solution of socio-pathological phenomena. Period of adolescence is of course closely associated with this topic. It's called critical stage, and all the students pass this period during their secondary school attendance. That's why the chapter devoted to adolescence is elaborated in full details. Gender differences concerning appearance and intensity of socio-pathological phenomena are also mentioned here. Next, there is explained the system of primary prevention in The Czech Republic, the importace of family and school background, the impact of peers on personality development. In empirical part of this diploma work, there is introduced Secondary Vocational School, Ltd., 844 Schulhoffova, in Prague 4. The research probe was realized...