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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
421

A Complete Framework for Modelling Workload Volatility of VoD System - a Perspective to Probabilistic Management / Un framework complet pour la modélisation de la volatilité des charges de travail d'un système de vidéo à la demande - une perspective de gestion probabiliste

Roy, Shubhabrata 18 June 2014 (has links)
Il y a de nouveaux défis dans l'administration et dans la conception des systèmes pour optimiser la gestion des ressources des applications basées en nuage Cloud Computing. Certaines applications demandent des performances rigoureuses (par exemple, par rapport aux retards et aux limites de la gigue), tandis que d'autres applications présentent des charges de travail en rafale (volatiles). Cette thèse propose un framework inspiré dans un modèle épidémique (et basé sur des Chaînes de Markov à Temps Continu), qui peut reproduire la volatilité de la charge de travail, à savoir les effets de buzz (quand il y a une augmentation soudaine de la popularité d'un contenu) d'un système de Vidéo à la Demande (VoD). Deux méthodes d'estimation (basés sur des heuristiques et des Chaînes de Markov Monte Carlo - MCMC) ont été également proposées dans ce travail, de façon à ajuster le modèle selon les comportements de la charge de travail. Les paramètres du modèle obtenus à partir des procédures d'étalonnage révèlent des propriétés intéressantes du modèle. Basé sur des simulations numériques, la précision des deux procédures a été analysée, en montrant que les deux présentent des performances raisonnables. Toutefois, la méthode MCMC dépasse la performance de l'approche heuristique. Cette thèse compare également le modèle proposé avec d'autres modèles existants, tout en examinant la qualité de l'ajustement de certaines propriétés statistiques sur des traces réelles de la charge de travail. Finalement, ce travail propose une approche probabiliste de provisionnement des ressources, basée sur le Principe de Grandes Déviations (LDP). LDP caractérise statistiquement les effets de buzz, qui causent de la volatilité extrême de la charge de travail. Cette analyse exploite les informations obtenues en utilisant le LPD du système VoD pour la définition des politiques de gestion des ressources. Ces politiques peuvent être intéressantes pour toutes les acteurs dans le nouveau contexte de l'informatique en nuage. / There are some new challenges in system administration and design to optimize the resource management for a cloud based application. Some applications demand stringent performance requirements (e.g. delay and jitter bounds), while some applications exhibit bursty (volatile) workloads. This thesis proposes an epidemic model inspired (and continuous time Markov Chain based) framework, which can reproduce workload volatility namely the "buzz effects" (when there is a sudden increase of a content popularity) of a Video on Demand (VoD) system. Two estimation procedures (heuristic and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based approach) have also been proposed in this work to calibrate the model against workload traces. Obtained model parameters from the calibration procedures reveal some interesting property of the model. Based on numerical simulations, precisions of both procedures have been analyzed, which show that both of them perform reasonably. However, the MCMC procedure outperforms the heuristic approach. This thesis also compares the proposed model with other existing models examining the goodness-of-fit of some statistical properties of real workload traces. Finally this work suggests a probabilistic resource provisioning approach based on a Large Deviation Principle (LDP). LDP statistically characterizes the buzz effects that causeextreme workload volatility. This analysis exploits the information obtained using the LDP of the VoD system for defining resource management policies. These policies may be of some interest to all stakeholders in the emerging context of cloud networking.
422

Heterogeneous Multiscale Change-Point Inference and its Application to Ion Channel Recordings

Pein, Florian 20 October 2017 (has links)
No description available.
423

Princípios de grandes desvios para a condutividade microscópica de férmions em cristais / Large Deviation Principles for the Microscopic Conductivity of Fermions in Crystals

Nelson Javier Buitrago Aza 08 November 2017 (has links)
Esta tese trata a existência de Princpios de Grandes Desvios (PGD), no âmbito de sistemas fermiônicos em equilbrio. A motivação fsica detrás de nossos estudos são medidas experimentais de resistência elétrica de nanofios de silcio dopados com átomos de fósforo. Estas medidas mostram que efeitos quânticos no transporte de carga elétrica quase desaparecem para nanofios de comprimentos maiores que alguns nanômetros, mesmo para temperaturas muito baixas (4.2°K). A fim de provar matematicamente tal efeito, dividimos nosso trabalho em diversos passos: 1. No primeiro passo, para férmions não interagentes numa rede com desordem, mostramos que a incerteza quântica da densidade da corrente elétrica microscópica, em torno de seus valores macroscópicos(clássicos), é suprimida exponencialmente rápido em relação ao volume da região da rede onde um campo elétrico externo é aplicado. A desordem é modelada como um potencial elétrico aleatório juntamente com amplitudes aleatórias de saltos com valores complexos. O célebre modelo de Anderson de tight-binding é um exemplo particular do caso geral considerado aqui. Nossa análise matemática é baseada em estimativas de Combes-Thomas, o Teorema Ergódico de Akcoglu-Krengel e no formalismo de Grandes Desvios, em particular o Teorema de Gärtner-Ellis. 2. Em segundo lugar, provamos que, para férmions interagindo fracamente na rede, as funções geradoras J(s), s R de cumulantes de distribuições de probabilidades associadas com estados KMS pode ser escrito como o limite de logartmos de integrais gaussianas de Berezin. Mostramos que os determinantes das covariáncias associadas às integrais gaussianas são majorados uniformemente (via desigualdades de Hölder para normas Schatten). Tais covariâncias são também somáveis, em casos gerais de interesse, incluindo assim, sistemas que não são invariantes por translação. 3. No terceiro passo, analisamos expansões de logartmos de integrais gaussianas de Berezin, e assim combinando com métodos construtivos de teoria quântica de campos, mostramos a analiticidade de J(s) para s nas vizinhanças de 0. Finalmente, discutimos como combinar os passos 2-3, a fim de provar (matematicamente falando) os resultados experimentais mencionados acima para férmions interagindo em equilbrio. De fato, os resultados encontrados nesta tese, generalizam trabalhos prévios no âmbito do PGD usado para o estudo de sistemas quânticos. / This Thesis deals with the existence of Large Deviation Principles (LDP) in the scope of fermionic systems at equilibrium. The physical motivation beyond our studies are experimental measures of electric resistance of nanowires in silicon doped with phosphorus atoms. The latter demonstrate that quantum effects on charge transport almost disappear for nanowires of lengths larger than a few nanometers, even at very low temperature (4.2°K). In order to mathematically prove the latter, we divide our work in several steps: 1. In the first step, for noninteracting lattice fermions with disorder, we show that quantum uncertainty of microscopic electric current density around their (classical) macroscopic values is suppressed, exponentially fast with respect to the volume of the region of the lattice where an external electric field is applied. Disorder is modeled by a random external potential along with random, complex-valued, hopping amplitudes. The celebrated tight-binding Anderson model is one particular example of the general case considered here. Our mathematical analysis is based on Combes-Thomas estimates, the Akcoglu-Krengel ergodic theorem, and the large deviation formalism, in particular the Gärtner-Ellis theorem. 2. Secondly, we prove that for weakly interacting fermions on the lattice, the logarithm moment generating function J(s), s R of probability distributions associated with KMS states can be written as the limit of logarithms of Gaussian Berezin integrals. The covariances of the Gaussian integrals are shown to have a uniform determinant bound (via Hölder inequalities for Schatten norms) and to be summable in general cases of interest, including systems that are not translation invariant. 3. In the third step we analyze expansions of logarithms of Gaussian Berezin integrals, which combined with constructive methods of quantum field theory is useful to show the analyticity of J(s) for s in a neighborhood of 0. We finally discuss how to combine steps 2-3 in order to prove (mathematically speaking) for interacting fermions in equilibrium the experimental results above mentioned. In fact, the found results in this Thesis generalize previous works in the scope of LDP used to study quantum systems.
424

Alocação de recursos: nível ótimo de diversificação intraclasse entre fundos de investimentos abertos no Brasil

Duba, Tiago Lacerda Nader 05 May 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Tiago Duba (tiagoduba@gmail.com) on 2013-11-04T01:30:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MFEE EGPE - Tiago Duba.pdf: 2254622 bytes, checksum: ec194772b1bfdf65d5161e3beb036d4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2013-12-03T12:38:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MFEE EGPE - Tiago Duba.pdf: 2254622 bytes, checksum: ec194772b1bfdf65d5161e3beb036d4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-02T19:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MFEE EGPE - Tiago Duba.pdf: 2254622 bytes, checksum: ec194772b1bfdf65d5161e3beb036d4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-05 / Despite the diversity of their strategies, the returns of hedge funds generally exhibit a positive correlation with stock index. On the other hand, distinct funds categories tend to be less correlated to each other compared to funds from the same category. The idea of diversification between funds with low correlation is discussed repeatedly in the literature. In practice, however, few portfolios allocators optimize their portfolios guided by Markowitz (1953) for example. The aim of this study is to identify the optimum asset diversification within the same category. The methodology will seek to minimize the idiosyncratic risk of the investment funds through simulations with other funds in the same category. The study contains analyzes for choosing the optimal number of assets (investment funds) in a given portfolio. These results would benefit mainly the decision making process of Wealth Managements, Investment Consulter and Private Bankers. / Apesar da diversidade de suas estratégias, os retornos dos fundos de investimentos multimercado geralmente exibem correlação positiva com índices de bolsa. Por outro lado, fundos de categorias distintas tendem a ser menos correlacionados entre si se comparados a fundos de mesma categoria. A ideia de diversificação entre fundos de baixa correlação é discutida recorrentemente pela literatura. Na prática, porém, poucos alocadores de portfólios otimizam suas carteiras através das linhas de Markowitz (1953) por exemplo. O objetivo deste estudo é buscar identificar o ponto ótimo de diversificação de ativos (fundos de investimentos) dentro de uma mesma categoria. Como metodologia, buscaremos a minimização do risco idiossincrático dos fundos de investimentos através de simulações com outros fundos de mesma categoria. O estudo contém análises para a escolha do número ideal de ativos em um dado portfólio. Esses resultados beneficiariam, principalmente, o processo decisório das empresas de Wealth Managements, das Consultorias de Investimentos e dos Private Bankers.
425

Systèmes intégrés pour l'hybridation vivant-artificiel : modélisation et conception d'une chaîne de détection analogique adaptative / Embedded systems for the interfacing of electronics and biology : modeling and designing an analog adaptive detection chain

Rummens, François 01 December 2015 (has links)
La bioélectronique est un domaine transdisciplinaire qui oeuvre, entre autres, àl’interconnexion entre des systèmes biologiques présentant une activité électrique et le mondede l’électronique. Cette communication avec le vivant implique l’observation de l’activitéélectrique des cellules considérées et nécessite donc une chaine d’acquisition électronique.L’utilisation de Multi/Micro Electrodes Array débouche sur des systèmes devantacquérir un grand nombre de canaux en parallèle, dès lors la consommation etl’encombrement des circuits d’acquisition ont un impact significatif sur la viabilité dusystème destiné à être implanté.Cette thèse propose deux réflexions à propos de ces circuits d’acquisition. Une ces desréflexions a trait aux circuits d’amplification, à leur impédance d’entrée et à leurconsommation ; l’autre concerne un détecteur de potentiels d’action analogique, samodélisation et son optimisation.Ces travaux théoriques ayant abouti à des résultats concrets, un ASIC a été conçu,fabriqué, testé et caractérisé au cours de cette thèse. Cet ASIC à huit canaux comporte doncdes amplificateurs et des détecteurs de potentiels d’action analogiques et constitue le principalapport de ce travail de thèse. / Bioelectronics is a transdisciplinary field which develops interconnection devicesbetween biological systems presenting electrical activity and the world of electronics. Thiscommunication with living tissues implies to observe the electrical activity of the cells andtherefore requires an electronic acquisition chain.The use of Multi / Micro Electrode Array leads to systems that acquire a large numberof parallel channels, thus consumption and congestion of acquisition circuits have asignificant impact on the viability of the system to be implanted.This thesis proposes two reflections about these acquisition circuits. One of thesereflections relates to amplifier circuits, their input impedance and consumption; the otherconcerns an analogue action potentials detector, its modeling and optimization.These theoretical work leading to concrete results, an ASIC was designed,manufactured, tested and characterized in this thesis. This eight-channel ASIC thereforeincludes amplifiers and analogue action potentials detector and is the main contribution of thisthesis.
426

La dénaturation de l’ADN : une transition de phase en présence de désordre / DNA denaturation : a phase transition with disorder

Retaux, Martin 20 October 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse se consacre à l'étude du modèle de dénaturation de l'ADN introduit par Poland et Scheraga dans les années soixante. Les modèles de dépiégeage en milieu aléatoire, avec lesquels la correspondance a été établie, sont également traités. Dans le cas où les interactions entre le système et l’environnement sont homogènes, le problème a été résolu : selon la valeur d'un paramètre géométrique, une transition de phase d'ordre un ou deux se produit. En revanche, lorsque les interactions sont prises aléatoires (on parle d'un système en présence de désordre), nous ne connaissons ni le point critique, ni l'ordre de la transition en régime defort désordre. Pour simplifier le problème, de nombreux auteurs font usage d'une représentation hiérarchique grâce à laquelle une renormalisation exacte de la fonction de partition peut être écrite. Mais à nouveau, la question du point critique et de l'ordre de la transition n'a pas été résolue. Nous avons introduit un nouveau système (Toymodel) plus simple que la version hiérarchique en changeant la forme de la renormalisation. Le problème, ainsi posé, permet de mettre en évidence une famille de distributions qui ne varient presque pas lors d'une renormalisation, avec lesquelles nous avons pu dériver des équations du type Berezinskii-Kosterlitz- Thouless. Aussi, en présence de désordre, la transition de phase n'admet pas de point fixe critique. Ces deux éléments, en accord avec nos résultats numériques, nous poussent à croire que nous sommes en présence d'une transition de phase d'ordre infini. La seconde partie de la thèse rapporte un travail sur le processus simple d'exclusion symétrique, qui est l'un des modèles les plus simples de physique statistique hors d'équilibre pour lequel un état stationnaire est connu. La fonction de grandes déviations a été calculée dans le passé par les approches microscopiques et macroscopiques et ici, nous en avons calculé la première correction de taille finie. Le résultat a ensuite été comparé aux corrections similaires pour des systèmes à l'équilibre. / This thesis is a study of a DNA denaturation model, introduced by Poland and Scheraga during the 1960s. The depinning models with random environment, with which the similarity has been made, are also concerned. If the interactions between the system and the environment are homogeneous, the problem has been solved: depending on the value of a geometrical parameter, a first or a second order phase transition happens. On the other hand, when the interactions are random, we know neither the critical point nor the phase transition order in the case of strong disorder. In order to simplify the problem, some authors have used a hierarchical representation through which an exact renormalization can be written. Despite this simplification, the critical point and the transition order have not been found. By changing the renormalization relation, we introduced a Toy-model which is simpler than the hierarchical version. The new problem leaded us to a family of distributions, which stay almost the same under renormalization, and allow us to derive the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz- Thouless equations. Also, with strong disorder, the phase transition does not have a critical fixed point. These two elements, according to our numerical results, predict that the order transition is infinite. The second part of this thesis reports on a work about the simple symmetric exclusion process, which is one of the simplest out of equilibrium models for which a stationary state is known. The large deviation function has been calculated in the past through microscopic and macroscopic approaches. Here, we calculated the leading finite-size correction. Then the result has been compared to similar corrections for equilibrium systems.
427

基於最小一乘法的室外WiFi匹配定位之研究 / Study on Outdoor WiFi Matching Positioning Based on Least Absolute Deviation

林子添 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著WiFi訊號在都市的涵蓋率逐漸普及,基於WiFi訊號強度值的定位方法逐漸發展。WiFi匹配定位(Matching Positioning)是透過參考點坐標與WiFi訊號強度(Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI)的蒐集,以最小二乘法(Least Squares, LS)計算RSSI模型參數;然後,利用模型參數與使用者位置的WiFi訊號強度,推估出使用者的位置。然而WiFi訊號強度容易受到環境因素影響,例如降雨、建物遮蔽、人群擾動等因素,皆會使訊號強度降低,若以受影響的訊號強度進行定位,將使定位成果與真實位置產生偏移。 為了降低訊號強度的錯誤造成定位結果的誤差,本研究嘗試透過具有穩健性的最小一乘法( Least Absolute Deviation, LAD)結合WiFi匹配定位,去克服WiFi訊號易受環境影響的特性,期以獲得較精確的WiFi定位成果。研究首先透過模擬資料的建立,測試不同粗差狀況最小一乘法WiFi匹配定位之表現,最後再以真實WiFi訊號進行匹配定位的演算,並比較最小一乘法WiFi匹配定位與最小二乘法WiFi匹配定位的成果差異,探討二種方法的特性。 根據本研究成果顯示,於模擬資料中,最小一乘法WiFi匹配定位相較於最小二乘法WiFi匹配定位,在面對參考點接收的AP訊號與檢核點接收的AP訊號強度含有粗差的情形皆能有較好的穩健性,且在參考點接收的AP訊號含有粗差的情況有良好的偵錯能力。而於真實環境之下,最小一乘法WiFi匹配定位之精度也較最小二乘法WiFi匹配定位具有穩健性;在室外資料的部份,最小一乘法WiFi匹配定位之精度為8.46公尺,最小二乘法WiFi匹配定位之精度為8.57公尺。在室內資料的部份,最小一乘法WiFi匹配定位之精度為2.20公尺,最小二乘法WiFi匹配定位之精度為2.41公尺。 / Because of the extensive coverage of WiFi signal, the positioning methods by the WiFi signal are proposed. WiFi Matching Positioning is a method of WiFi positioning. By collecting the WiFi signal strength and coordiates of reference points to calculate the signal strength transformation parameters, then, user’s location can be calculated with the LS (Least Squares). However, the WiFi signal strength is easily degraded by the environment. Using the degraded WiFi signal to positioning will produce wrong coordinates. Hence this research tries to use the robustness of LAD (Least Absolute Deviation) combining with WiFi Matching Positioning to overcome the sensibility of WiFi signal strength, expecting to make the result of WiFi positioning more reliable. At first, in order to test the ability of LAD, this research uses simulating data to add different kind of outliers in the database, and checks the performance of LAD WiFi Matching Positioning. Finally, this research uses real data to compare the difference between the results of LAD and LS WiFi Matching Positioning. In the simulating data, the test result shows that LAD WiFi Matching Positioning can not only have better robust ability to deal with the reference and check points AP signal strength error than LS WiFi Matching Positioning but also can detect the outlier in the reference points AP signal strength. In the real data, LAD WiFi Matching Positioning can also have better result. In the outdoor situation, the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of LAD WiFi Matching Positioning and LS (Least Squares) WiFi Matching Positioning are 8.46 meters and 8.57 meters respectively. In the indoor situation, the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of LAD WiFi Matching Positioning and LS (Least Squares) WiFi Matching Positioning are 2.20 meters and 2.41 meters respectively.
428

Multidisciplinary design and optimisation of liquid containers for sloshing and impact

Kingsley, Thomas Charles 24 January 2006 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to perform an investigation of the numerical methods that may contribute to the design and analysis of liquid containers. The study examines several of these methods individually, namely Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of sloshing and Finite Element Methods (FEM) analysis of impact, to evaluate their contribution to the design cycle. Techniques that enhance the use of the various methods are presented and examined to demonstrate effectiveness. In the case of sloshing analysis, experimental tests performed add to the understanding of the phenomena at hand and qualifies the validity of the numerical method used (CFD). As a final contribution, the study presents a method of utilising impact analysis tools, FEM, and CFD in a Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation (MDO) environment. This is an introductory attempt at demonstrating a single coupled multidisciplinary method of designing liquid containers. The results of the study demonstrate a number of valuable numerical techniques that may be used in the design of liquid containers. The presented Total Deviation Value (TDV) proves to be an effective single quantification of sloshing performance and the CFD tools used to determine the value demonstrate sufficient ability to reproduce the sloshing event itself. More advanced experimental facilities would provide a more in-depth understanding of the limitations of the CFD analysis. The use of numerical optimisation adds a valuable dimension to the use of numerical simulations. Significant design improvements are possible for several design variables without performing exhaustive studies and provide interesting information about design trends. Finally, the use of multiple disciplines, FEM and CFD, in conjunction with the available numerical optimisation routines offers a powerful multidisciplinary design tool that can be adapted to any base geometry and is capable of finding optimal trade offs between the two disciplines according to the designer’s needs. This study provides a platform for further investigations in the use and coupling of sloshing and impact analysis in the design of industrial liquid container applications. / Dissertation (MEng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted
429

Etude d'une méthode ultrasonore d'estimation des températures locales du sodium liquide en sortie coeur RNR-Na / Study of an ultrasonic method of estimating local temperatures of liquid sodium at the output of the core of SFRs

Massacret, Nicolas 10 January 2014 (has links)
Dans le cadre des recherches menées sur les SFR (Sodium cooled Fast Reactor), le CEA souhaite développer une instrumentation innovante et spécifique à ces réacteurs. Le travail présenté concerne la mesure par ultrasons, de la température du sodium à la sortie des têtes des assemblages du coeur du réacteur. Cette instrumentation implique la propagation d'ultrasons dans du sodium liquide, thermiquement inhomogène et turbulent. Le milieu provoque des déviations du faisceau acoustique qu'il faut prévoir et quantifier pour envisager d'employer les ultrasons comme moyen de mesure dans un coeur de réacteur SFR.Pour cela un code nommé AcRaLiS (Acoustic Ray in Liquid Sodium) a été implémenté. Une étude thermo-hydraulique précise du sodium a tout d'abord été menée afin de proposer une description adaptée du milieu et de choisir le modèle de propagation acoustique adéquat. Puis une implémentation a été réalisée afin de permettre la simulation rapide de la propagation d'ondes de plusieurs mégahertz dans ce milieu particulier. Ce code prévoit les déviations et l'évolution de l'intensité du faisceau acoustique. Deux expériences ont ensuite été conçues et réalisées pour vérifier ce code. La première, nommée UPSilon, innove en remplaçant le sodium par de l'huile de silicone afin d'avoir une inhomogénéité thermique stable pendant l'expérience. Elle permet de déterminer la validité du code AcRaLiS dans des inhomogénéités thermiques. La seconde, nommée IKHAR, permet d'étudier en eau l'influence de la turbulence sur la propagation d'ondes, en exploitant les instabilités de Kelvin-Helmholtz. Les conclusions et les perspectives sont présentées en élargissant à d'autres domaines d'application. / In the frame of research on Sodium cooled Fast nuclear Reactor (SFR), CEA aims to develop an innovative instrumentation, specific to these reactors. The present work relates to the measurement of the sodium temperature at the outlet of the assemblies of the reactor's core by an ultrasonic method. This instrumentation involves the propagation of ultrasonic waves in liquid sodium, thermally inhomogeneous and turbulent. Environment causes deviations of the acoustic beam that must be understood to predict and quantify to consider ultrasound as a measure means in a core of SFR reactor. To determine the magnitude of these influences, a code named AcRaLiS (Acoustic Ray in Liquid Sodium) has been implemented. In a first step, a thermal-hydraulic study specific to the medium, was conducted to provide an adequate description of the environment and choose a suitable acoustic propagation model. Then an implementation has been performed to allow rapid simulations of the wave propagation at several megahertz in this particular environment. This code provides ultrasounds deviations and changes in beam intensity.Two experiments were designed and conducted to verify the code. The first, named UPSilon innovates by replacing sodium by silicone oil in order to have a stable thermal inhomogeneity during the experiment. It allows to determine the validity of the code AcRaLiS with thermal inhomogeneities. The second, called IKHAR allows to study the influence of water turbulence on the propagation of waves, using the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Conclusions and perspectives are presented, including perspectives for other application domains.
430

Joint Spectrum and Large Deviation Principles for Random Products of Matrices / Spectre joint et principes de grandes déviations pour les produits aléatoires des matrices

Sert, Cagri 01 December 2016 (has links)
Après une introduction générale et la présentation d'un exemple explicite dans le chapitre 1, nous exposons certains outils et techniques généraux dans le chapitre 2.- dans le chapitre 3, nous démontrons l'existence d'un principe de grandes déviations (PGD) pour les composantes de Cartan le long des marches aléatoires sur les groupes linéaires semi -simples G. L'hypothèse principale porte sur le support S de la mesure de la probabilité en question et demande que S engendre un semi-groupe Zariski dense. - Dans le chapitre 4, nous introduisons un objet limite (une partie de la chambre de Weyl) que l'on associe à une partie bornée S de G et que nous appelons le spectre joint J(S) de S. Nous étudions ses propriétés et démontrons que J(S) est une partie convexe compacte d'intérieur non-vide dès que S engendre un semi -groupe Zariski dense. Nous relions le spectre joint avec la notion classique du rayon spectral joint et la fonction de taux du PGD pour les marches aléatoires. - Dans le chapitre 5, nous introduisons une fonction de comptage exponentiel pour un S fini dans G, nous étudions ses propriétés que nous relions avec J(S) et démontrons un théorème de croissance exponentielle dense. - Dans le chapitre 6, nous démontrons le PGD pour les composantes d'Iwasawa le long des marches aléatoires sur G. L'hypothèse principale demande l'absolue continuité de la mesure de probabilité par rapport à la mesure de Haar.- Dans le chapitre 7, nous développons des outils pour aborder une question de Breuillard sur la rigidité du rayon spectral d'une marche aléatoire sur le groupe libre. Nous y démontrons un résultat de rigidité géométrique. / After giving a detailed introduction andthe presentation of an explicit example to illustrateour study in Chapter 1, we exhibit some general toolsand techniques in Chapter 2. Subsequently,- In Chapter 3, we prove the existence of a large deviationprinciple (LDP) with a convex rate function, forthe Cartan components of the random walks on linearsemisimple groups G. The main hypothesis is onthe support S of the probability measure in question,and asks S to generate a Zariski dense semigroup.- In Chapter 4, we introduce a limit object (a subsetof the Weyl chamber) that we associate to a boundedsubset S of G. We call this the joint spectrum J(S)of S. We study its properties and show that for asubset S generating a Zariski dense semigroup, J(S)is convex body, i.e. a convex compact subset of nonemptyinterior. We relate the joint spectrum withthe classical notion of joint spectral radius and therate function of LDP for random walks on G.- In Chapter 5, we introduce an exponential countingfunction for a nite S in G. We study its properties,relate it to joint spectrum of S and prove a denseexponential growth theorem.- In Chapter 6, we prove the existence of an LDPfor Iwasawa components of random walks on G. Thehypothesis asks for a condition of absolute continuityof the probability measure with respect to the Haarmeasure.- In Chapter 7, we develop some tools to tackle aquestion of Breuillard on the rigidity of spectral radiusof a random walk on a free group. We prove aweaker geometric rigidity result.

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