Conceptual Modelling (CM) has received little attention in the area of Modelling and Simulation (M&S) and more specifically in Discrete Event Simulation (DES). It is widely agreed that CM is least understood despite its importance. This is however, not the case in other fields of science and engineering (especially, computer science, systems engineering and software engineering). In Computer Science (CS) alone, CM has been extensively used for requirements specification and some well-established methods are in practice. The aim of the thesis is to propose a CM framework based on the principles of software engineering and CS. The development of the framework is adapted from a well-known software engineering method called Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT), hence it is called SADT CM. It is argued that by adapting approaches from CS, similar benefits can be achieved in terms of formality, understanding, communication and quality. A comprehensive cross-disciplinary review of CM in CS and M&S is undertaken, which highlights the dearth of standards within M&S CM when compared to CS. Three important sub-fields of CS are considered for this purpose namely, information systems, databases and software engineering. The review identifies two potential methods that could be adopted for developing a M&S CM framework. The first method called PREView was found unsuitable for M&S CM in DES domain. Hence, the thesis concentrates on developing the framework based on SADT. The SADT CM framework is evaluated on three-in depth test cases that investigate the feasibility of the approach. The study also contributes to the literature by conducting a usability test of the CM framework in an experimental setting. A comprehensive user-guide has also been developed as part of the research for users to follow the framework.

Cette thèse traite de l'évaluation des apports de l'introduction de nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC), les technologies d'IDentification par Radio-Fréquences (RFID), dans le milieu de la Santé.Un premier objectif a naturellement consisté en la description des particularités de la production de soins et de l'organisation hospitalière, ainsi que des problématiques associées à la mise en place de systèmes RFID dans un contexte plus général et une présentation des outils permettant de répondre à ces problématiques.Suivent deux cas d'application issus du projet MISTRALS (Mutualisation Informatique des Systèmes Technologiques pour le Recherche phArmaceutique et La Santé) que sont les tumorothèques et la production de chimiothérapies.La partie "générique" des impacts des technologies mènent à la proposition d'une approche descriptive adaptée au problème. Les apports des technologies permettent d'inventorier les boîtes de cryotubes stockées à très basse température rapidement et précisément. Cette observation nous a poussés à définir et étudier des possibilités de la mise en place de l'activité de concaténation de ces boîtes. Cette activité et une approche d'optimisation la concernant sont intégrées à un outil de simulation par évènements discrets.L'intérêt des objets communicants est également pluriel dans la production des chimiothérapies. Outre les apports logistiques, les RFID permettent d'acquérir des données fiables pour paramétrer les profils et la performance des ressources humaines. Nous déterminons une approche de génération d'ordonnancements intégrant la gestion des compétences et l'intégrons à une simulation à évènements discrets. / This thesis aims at evaluating the impacts of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) within a healthcare context.The first parts of this dissertation describe the particularities of health-production systems, the problematic of introducing RFID technologies within a general context, and present the tools that can be used to answer questions related to implementing new information and communication technologies within hospitals.Two use cases are developed. They concern tumour-banks (and more generally biobanks) and chemotherapies production systems.The generic impacts of RFID technologies led us proposing an adapted descriptive approach.Technologies allow fast and acute inventories, even concerning cryotubes containing biological samples that are stored at very low temperatures. This observation led us to define and study the possibilities for re-organizing these particular stocks. This activity and a specific optimization approach are included in a discrete-event simulation tool.Several improvements can also be raised through the use of auto-communicating devices within a chemotherapy production system. We focus on using real-time data to estimate the evolution of competency of the human resources concocting cytotoxics. We describe an optimization approach for scheduling the production of chemotherapies considering the resources performance level, and include this tool within a dedicated discrete-event simulation model.

In order to meet the expectations of today’s market and compete in the global world we live in, many companies are facing changes. A low cost production and high quality is not enough to be competitive. Companies must also satisfy the external customers’ claims, which to a great extent imply demands on an increased productivity. It is not enough to look to the external customers. The people working within the production system are the internal customers and the production system must be designed to suit their needs. Increased productivity can be stressful for operators, especially in the automotive industry, where heavy and frequent lifting is part of the daily work. The increased competition can thus in the long run lead to consequences for operator health as a result of heavy, and frequent, lifting. Due to this, more companies are looking over the possibilities to automate parts of their production process. The purpose of this thesis is to explore, using simulation tools, how automation of heavy lifting can affect productivity and work environment in processing or manufacturing processes. The research questions that will be answered are: o In what way does automation affect productivity in processing processes? o How can simulation tools act as an aid in designing automation? o What impact does automation have on the operator’s ergonomic work environment? To answer these questions, a literature study has been conducted in three main areas: production development, automation and simulation. A case study was carried out in a processing cell within the heavy vehicle industry, which currently does not have an approved ergonomic working environment. The company wanted to implement a robot and the purpose was to investigate how ergonomics and productivity was affected. The comparison was made using a simulation created in the ExtendSim software. The purpose of the simulation was to compare the current production system with a layout where a robot was implemented in the system. From this thesis, the conclusions were drawn that automation can affect a company’s productivity in a positive way provided that the preparatory planning is carried out thoroughly. The thesis shows that a simulation tool can be helpful from a number of aspects when automation is to be designed, and not least that it can undoubtedly be positive for the operator’s ergonomic work environment to automate parts of the production that includes heavy and frequent lifting.

Orientadores: Cristiano Morini, Luís Antonio de Santa-Eulalia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_YuridaCunha_M.pdf: 2095505 bytes, checksum: e777d90d6317bbff27c249d1a35f1314 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A Aduana (ou alfândega) é um elo da cadeia internacional de suprimentos com a função de controlar a entrada e a saída de mercadorias de um país. A transposição de mercadorias pelas fronteiras está diretamente relacionada aos processos aduaneiros. Medidas de facilitação comercial objetivam tornar o controle da Aduana mais simplificado e efetivo, tornando a cadeia de suprimentos mais fluida e segura. Iniciativas como a utilização de laudos de imagens dos escâneres de raio-X, os programas de facilitação comercial, como o Despacho Aduaneiro Expresso (Linha Azul), e metas de desempenho para servidores aduaneiros podem ser citadas como medidas de facilitação comercial. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o impacto dessas medidas de facilitação comercial na Aduana brasileira, em relação aos diversos tempos que impactam o fluxo de importação. Não existem estudos nas literaturas científica e profissional que analisem quantitativamente os impactos dessas medidas de facilitação comercial no Brasil. Caracterizada pelo método de pesquisa explicativa de natureza experimental, por meio da ferramenta de simulação de eventos discretos, foi desenvolvido um Projeto de Experimentos Fatorial 2^k Completo. O objeto do estudo experimental foi aplicado no fluxo de importação aérea no Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos, Campinas. Os dados utilizados são originários dos sistemas TECAPLUS e MANTRA e de entrevistas com experts. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, diversos especialistas da área de comércio exterior estiveram envolvidos, desde a formulação do problema à validação do modelo computacional. Os resultados obtidos nas rodadas de simulação indicam uma melhoria progressiva do sistema simulado em todos os indicadores de desempenho entre o status quo e o cenário de melhor performance. A análise de contrastes dos fatores indica que: o aumento de empresas habilitadas em programas de facilitação comercial (Linha Azul) diminui o tempo médio geral de desembaraço aduaneiro; a utilização de laudos de imagens dos escâneres de raio-X melhora o desempenho de todos os indicadores relacionados à previsibilidade e ao tempo de desembaraço das empresas habilitadas no Despacho Aduaneiro Expresso; e, metas de desempenho para auditores-fiscais da Receita Federal contribui para o aumento da previsibilidade do sistema. Os resultados obtidos indicam melhorias que podem contribuir para ganhos de competitividade para o Brasil / Abstract: Customs is an international supply chain link with the role of controlling goods entries and exits of the country. The cross border of goods is strictly related to customs process. Trade facilitation measures aim to turn Customs control more simplified and effective, turning the supply chain more fluid and secure. Initiatives as the use of X-ray screening images report, the trade facilitation programs, as Express Customs Clearance (Blue Line), and performance goals to customs workers can be indicated as trade facilitation measures. The purpose of this research is to analyse the trade facilitation measures impacts on Brazilian Customs in relation to different times which impact the import flow. There are not studies in professional and scientific literature that make a quantitative analysis about these trade facilitation measures on Brazil. Featured by explanatory research method of experimental nature, by discrete-event simulation, was performed a 2^k Complete Factorial Experimental Design. The study object was applied on air import flow in International Airport of Viracopos, Campinas. The data are from TECAPLUS and MANTRA systems and from interviews with experts. During the development of this research, plenty trade international experts were involved, since problem formulation until computational model verification. The reached results in simulation runs show a progressive improvement in simulated system in all performance indicators between status quo and the best performance scenario. The factors contrasts analysis shows: raising enterprises in trade facilitation programs (Blue Line) decreases general average time of customs clearance; using X-ray screening images report improves all performance indicators related to predictability and to customs clearance time of enterprises qualified in Express Customs Clearance; and, performance goals to Federal Revenue auditors contribute to increase system predictability. The reached results point out improvements that may provide competitiveness gains to Brazil / Mestrado / Pesquisa Operacional / Mestre em Pesquisa Operacional

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-01T14:12:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Martins Lopes Da Silva.pdf: 1971538 bytes, checksum: efc5874f81cd876675f899e6b489527a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T14:12:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Martins Lopes Da Silva.pdf: 1971538 bytes, checksum: efc5874f81cd876675f899e6b489527a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / In the pharmaceutical industry, research and launching of brand-name or generic pharmacy is the main point in the pattern of industry competition. However, the drug development project involves many processes that interrelate, making their management difficult for the project manager. Despite the existence of methods used in project management, such as CPM, PERT and GANTT chart, these methods have limitations when the couldn't treat appropriately more complex projects, involving stochastic and dynamic interaction of a set of objects, such as people or machines, for example, aimed at a target or logical connection. Other techniques, based on Mathematical Programming, for example, are normally specific used in situations and goals, such as minimizing the end date of a project. Therefore, considering the goal of developing a model to be used with different purposes, discrete-event simulation was adopted in this work. This work presents the construction of a computational model of discrete-event simulation, aimed at the development of generic drug of a pharmaceutical industry, and aims to assist project managers as part of a set of systems to support decision-making. The results of the validation and verification of the model show that the values obtained from the simulation converge with the historical values obtained and with information from the experts. The constructed model has modules that allow estimating the impact of variables on the duration of the project, monitoring the use of system resources making it possible to estimate, from the simulation, the real capacity of the system, the possibility of accepting new projects and the need to acquire new features. / No ramo farmacêutico a pesquisa e lançamento de produtos referência ou genérico é o ponto principal no padrão de competição da indústria. Porém, o projeto de desenvolvimento de medicamentos envolve muitos processos que se inter-relacionam, tornando seu gerenciamento difícil para o gestor de projetos. Apesar da existência de métodos e técnicas muito utilizados no gerenciamento de projetos, como PERT, CPM e gráfico de GANTT, essas abordagens possuem limitações não conseguindo tratar de forma adequada projetos mais complexos, que envolvam a interação dinâmica e estocástica de um conjunto de elementos, como pessoas ou máquinas, por exemplo, visando um objetivo ou propósito lógico. Outras técnicas, baseadas em Programação Matemática, por exemplo, são geralmente utilizadas em situações e objetivos específicos, como por exemplo, minimizar a data de término de um projeto. Assim, considerando o objetivo de desenvolver um modelo para ser usado com diversos propósitos, a simulação de eventos discretos foi adotada neste trabalho. O trabalho apresenta a construção de um modelo computacional de simulação de eventos discretos, voltado para o desenvolvimento de medicamento genérico de uma empresa farmacêutica, e tem por objetivo auxiliar gestores de projeto como parte de um conjunto de sistemas de apoio à tomada de decisão. Os resultados da validação e verificação do modelo demonstram que os valores obtidos por meio da simulação convergem com os valores históricos obtidos e com informações dos especialistas. O modelo construído possui módulos que permitem estimar o impacto das variáveis na duração do projeto, monitorar a utilização dos recursos do sistema possibilitando estimar, a partir da simulação, a real capacidade de atendimento do sistema, a possibilidade de aceitação de novos projetos e eventualmente a necessidade de aquisição de novos recursos.

abstract: The success of genetically-modified T-cells in treating hematological malignancies has accelerated the research timeline for Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy. Since there are only two approved products (Kymriah and Yescarta), the process knowledge is limited. This leads to a low efficiency at manufacturing stage with serious challenges corresponding to high cost and scalability. In addition, the individualized nature of the therapy limits inventory and creates a high risk of product loss due to supply chain failure. The sector needs a new manufacturing paradigm capable of quickly responding to individualized demands while considering complex system dynamics. The research formulates the problem of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) manufacturing design, understanding the performance for large scale production of personalized therapies. The solution looks to develop a simulation environment for bio-manufacturing systems with single-use equipment. The result is BioMan: a discrete-event simulation model that considers the role of therapy's individualized nature, type of processing and quality-management policies on process yield and time, while dealing with the available resource constraints simultaneously. The tool will be useful to understand the impact of varying factor inputs on Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell manufacturing and will eventually facilitate the decision-maker to finalize the right strategies achieving better processing, high resource utilization, and less failure rates. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Industrial Engineering 2020

Diploma thesis is dealing with the possibility of use of discrete event simulations in a production planning. The connection of the work measurement and the production planning is described. The thesis describes the modeling methodology, design and realization of the experiment with the model. The production planning part describes the processing of the data generated from the model, which are further used to demonstrate the planning method and optimization of the production plan.

In this paper, we introduce a framework for the adaptive control of universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks in order to improve bandwidth utilization of the radio channels. The key contribution of the paper constitutes the introduction of a performance management information base for dynamically adjusting the packet scheduler and admission controller. Thus, the adaptive control framework closes the loop between network operation and network control. Furthermore, the adaptive control framework can effectively deal with the different time scales of packet scheduling and admission control. Moreover, we present a traffic model for non-real-time UMTS traffic based on measured trace data. The analysis and scaling process of the measured trace data with respect to different UMTS bandwidth classes constitutes the basic concept of this traffic characterization. Using this traffic model and simulation on the IP level, the gain of employing the adaptive control framework is illustrated by performance curves for various quality of service measures.

Discrete event simulation is the most suitable type of simulation for analyzing a complex system where changes happen at discrete time instants. Discrete event simulation is a major experimental methodology in several scientific and engineering domains. Unfortunately, a conventional discrete event simulator cannot meet with increasing demands of computational or the structural complexities of modern systems such as peer-to-peer (P2P) systems; therefore parallel discrete event simulation has been a focus of researchers for several decades. Unfortunately, no simulator is regarded as a standard which can satisfy the demands of all kinds of applications. Thus while given a simulator yields good performance for a specific kind of applications, it may failed to be efficient for other kinds of applications. Furthermore, although technological advancements have been made in the multi-core computing hardware, none of the mainstream P2P discrete event simulators is designed to support parallel simulation that exploits multi-core architectures. The proposed HydraNetSim parallel discrete event simulator (PDES) is a step toward addressing these issues. Developing a simulator which can support very large numbers of nodes to realize a massive P2P system, and can also execute in parallel is a non-trivial task. The literature review in this thesis gives a broad overview of prevailing approaches to dealing with the tricky problems of simulating a massive, large, and rapidly changing system, and provides a foundation for adopting a suitable architecture for developing a PDES. HydraNetSim is a discrete event simulator which allows parallel simulation and exploits the capabilities of parallelization of modern computing hardware. It is based on a novel master/slave paradigm. It divides the simulation model into a number of specific slaves (a cluster of processes) considering the number of cores provided by the underlying computing hardware. Each slave can be assigned to a specific CPU on a different core. Synchronization of the slaves is achieved by proposing a variant of the classic Null-Message Algorithm (NMA) with a focus on keeping the synchronization overhead as low as possible. Furthermore, HydraNetSim provides log information for debugging purposes and introduces a new mechanism of gathering and writing simulation results to a database. The experimental results show that the sequential counterpart of HydraNetSim (SDES) takes 41.6% more time than HydraNetSim-2Slave and 23.6% than HydraNetSim-3Slave. HydraNetSim-2Slave is 1.42 times faster, consumes 1.18 times more memory, and supports 2.02 times more nodes than a sequential discrete event simulator (SDES). Whereas, HydraNetSim-3Slave executes 1.24 times faster, consumes 2.08 times more memory, and supports 3.04 times more nodes than SDES. The scaling factor of HydraNetSim is ⌈(β-1)*102.04%⌉ of the maximum numbered of nodes supported by SDES; where β is the number of slaves. / Diskret händelsesimulering är den mest passande typen av simulering för att analysera ett komplext system där förändringar sker i diskreta tidpunkter. Diskret händelsesimulering är en stor experimentell metod i flera vetenskapliga och tekniska områden. Tyvärr kan en konventionell diskret händelse simulator uppfyller inte med ökande krav på beräkningsprogram eller strukturella komplexiteten av moderna system som peer-to-peer (P2P) system, och därför parallellt diskret händelse simulering har varit ett fokus för forskare under flera årtionde. Tyvärr ingen simulator ansåg som en standard som kan uppfylla kraven på alla typer av applikationer. Så samtidigt få en simulator ger bra prestanda för en specifik typ av applikationer kan det inte vara effektivt för andra typer av applikationer. Även om tekniska framsteget har gjorts i multi-core datorhårdvara, är ingen av de vanliga P2P händelsestyrd simulatorer för att stödja parallella simulering som utnyttjar flera kärnor arkitekturer. Den föreslagna HydraNetSim parallella diskret händelse simulator (PDES) är ett steg mot att fokusera på dessa frågor. Utveckla en simulator som kan stödja ett mycket stort antal noder för att realisera en massiv P2P-system, och kan även utföra parallellt är en icke-trivial uppdrag. Litteraturstudien i denna tesen ger en bred översikt över aktuell metoder för att hantera de svåra problem som simulerar en massiv, stor och snabbt ändra system och ger en grund för att adoptera en passande struktur för att utveckla ett PDES. HydraNetSim är en diskret händelse simulator som gör det möjligt parallellt simulering och utnyttjar funktionerna i parallellisering av modern datorhårdvara. Det är baserat på en ny master / slav paradigm. Den delar simuleringsmodellen i ett antal specifika slavar (ett kluster av processer) med tanke på antalet kärnor som tillhandahålls av den underliggande datorhårdvara. Varje slav kan tilldelas en specifik CPU på en annan kärna. Synkronisering av slavarna uppnås genom att föreslå en variant av det klassiska Null-Message Algorithm (NMA) med fokus på att hålla simuleringen overhead så lågt som möjligt. Dessutom ger HydraNetSim log information för felsökning ändamål och inför en ny mekanism för att samla in och skriva simuleringar resultat till en databas. De experimentella resultaten visar att den sekventiella motsvarigheten till HydraNetSim (SDES) tar 41,6% mer tid än HydraNetSim-2Slave och 23,6% mindre än HydraNetSim-3Slave. HydraNetSim-2Slave är 1,42 gånger snabbare, förbrukar 1,18 gånger mer minne, och stöder 2.02 gånger fler noder än en sekventiell händelsestyrd simulator (SDES). I HydraNetSim-3Slave kör 1.24 gånger snabbare, förbrukar 2,08 gånger mer minne, och stöder 3,04 gånger fler noder än SDES. Skalfaktorn av HydraNetSim är ⌈(β-1)*102.04%⌉ av den maximala numrerade noder som stöds av SDES; där β är antalet slavar.

The use of simulation has been said to be a useful tool to analyze manufacturing systems, Discrete Event Simulation - DES for instance under the occurrence of different events. Information management in Manufacturing Systems is an important issue and so it is insimulation studies because some of the difficulties in building, reusing and integratingsimulation models with other applications used in manufacturing systems are related withthe data. In this context different efforts have been made to facilitate the use of simulationand overcome interoperability problems through improving the information management,one of this is the Core Manufacturing Simulation Data Information Model - CMSDIMdeveloped by The National Institute of Standards and Technology - NIST. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the use of the CMSDIM in ExtendSim V8. A method to import databases structured based on the CMSDIM into the Simulation softwareExtendSim V8 is developed and applied in a case study in a production line of SCANIA.