Submitted by Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação Informação (posici@ufba.br) on 2017-10-17T14:04:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_mariana_azevedo_pinto.pdf: 1725923 bytes, checksum: da23edd63d81715a6969163d806891bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2018-02-19T20:21:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_mariana_azevedo_pinto.pdf: 1725923 bytes, checksum: da23edd63d81715a6969163d806891bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T20:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_mariana_azevedo_pinto.pdf: 1725923 bytes, checksum: da23edd63d81715a6969163d806891bb (MD5) / RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar a organização da informação realizada no sistema de informação governamental do Programa Mais Médicos, a partir da Ciência da Informação e de sua subárea Organização da Informação (OI). O problema desse estudo trata do excesso de informação presente na rede sobre o Programa e como os agentes de informação trabalharam a organização desses volumes e seus próprios dados para atender às demandas de seus usuários dentro de seu sistema de informação, nesse caso, um website. Entre os conceitos abordados no estudo, estão discussões sobre Entropia Informacional, Desinformação, Sistemas e Redes de Informação, conceitos transversais à organização da informação. No que tange ao rigor científico, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa e aplicação básica. Como métodos, foram utilizadas as pesquisas documental e bibliográfica. No trabalho, a pesquisa documental consistiu na coleta e seleção de documentos produzidos pelas redes e sistema do Governo. Adotou-se, como técnicas, a clipagem e a recuperação documentos, via o motor de busca do Google. As aplicações dessas técnicas tiveram por objetivo traçar um panorama das informações sobre o Programa na rede, avaliar o nível de aproveitamento dessas notícias no sistema e na construção de documentos para o usuário no website. A pesquisa bibliográfica subsidiou teoricamente as análises, apresentando os instrumentos, técnicas e tendências existentes na área da Organização da Informação e suas possíveis e corretas aplicações em sistemas de informação. A aplicação de questionários semiestruturados com os usuários, todos gestores de saúde da esfera estadual, também foi realizada. A aplicação teve por finalidade coletar informações, verificar determinadas características de organização da informação, presentes ou não, no website, bem como avaliar o nível de satisfação dos usuários quanto ao sistema e sua organização. Pode-se afirmar, observando os resultados encontrados, que o potencial existente no sistema não foi de imediato explorado pela gestão do Programa, o que repercutiu na ampliação e disseminação de notícias falsas, hoax e prejuízos ao Mais Médicos e sua consolidação. Entretanto, no estudo, são apresentados possíveis instrumentos da OI que podem auxiliar na superação dessas deficiências no modelo de organização de sistema do Mais Médicos, e que ainda podem vir a servir a outros agentes de informação de sistemas, como instrumentos de organização da informação, atingindo o seu objetivo de minimizar os riscos de entropia e de desinformação em sistemas de informação. / ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to study the organization of information carried out in the governmental information system of the Mais Médicos Program, based on Information Science and its Information Organization (OI) subarea. The problem with this study is the excess information present in the network about the program and how information agents worked to organize those volumes and their own information to meet the demands of their users within their information system, a website. Among the concepts addressed in the study are discussions on informational entropy, information systems, information networks, concepts transversal to the organization of information. Regarding the scientific rigor, the research is a descriptive research, a case study, with a qualitative approach and basic application. As methods were used documentary and bibliographic research. In the work, the documentary research consisted in the collection and selection of documents produced by the networks and government system. It was adopted as techniques to clipping and retrieving documents via the Google search engine. The applications of these techniques were designed to outline the information about the program in the network, to evaluate the level of use of these news in the system and in the construction of documents for the user on the website. The bibliographical research theoretically subsidized the analyzes presenting the instruments, techniques and tendencies existing in the area of Information Organization and their possible and correct applications in information systems. The application of semi-structured questionnaires with the users, all health managers of the state sphere, was also performed. The purpose of the application was to collect information, verify certain information organization characteristics present or not, on the website, as well as evaluate the users' level of satisfaction with the system and its organization. It can be affirmed from the results found that the potential in the system was not immediately exploited by the management of the program, which has repercussions in the expansion and dissemination of false news, hoax and losses to the program and its consolidation, however, in the study, are presented possible instruments of OI that can help overcome these deficiencies in the model of system organization of Mais Doctors, and also that they can also serve to other agents of systems information as instruments of organization of the information in which it confers its objective to minimize the risks of entropy and disinformation in information systems.

Following the events that saw Russia operating in the Ukrainian information space as well as on the ground, concern for hybrid threats and targeted propaganda campaigns has grown in the world and especially in Europe. Allegations of foreign involvement in electoral campaigns within liberal democracies have drawn even more attention to the matter and have hastened plans of action to fight hybrid threats in the European Union and the Eastern Partnership. In theregion, one of the priorities at all levels of governance is to counteract foreign-sourced propaganda campaigns that make use of disinformation. These disinformation-fighting strategies include the strategical use of fact-checking practices. Fact-checkingas a branch of journalism, though, has great potential for being weaponised and used as a vehicle for institutional propaganda, especially when absorbed within the domain of strategic communication. This research offers a case study of EUvsDisinfo, the fact-checking project started by the European External Action Service, to explore its weaknesses as a fact-checking organisation and deconstruct its activity in terms of propaganda analysis. The research employs mixed qualitative methods to show how the project falls short of its ideal role and its function as a fact-checker. Without any value judgement, EUvsDisinfo is exposed as a potential platform for the dissemination of hegemonic narratives or (counter)propaganda in the West and in particular in the European Union. The case study is meant to be a way of developing research on the possible existence of institutional (counter)propaganda in liberal democracies, which is heavily underresearched in present times.

This Master's thesis deals with conspiracy theories and disinformation, a topic received with insufficient attention in the field of international relations. The phenomenon constitutes one of the most distinctive features of the Islamic world; therefore, it has significant importance for the Western foreign policy towards the region. The thesis is divided into four chapters and aims to provide Western countries with a set of foreign-policy recommendations in relation to the phenomenon of conspiracy theories and disinformation in the Islamic world. The thesis does so on the basis of a thorough analysis of the general mechanisms of conspiracy theories (1st chapter), and the specific conditions and circumstances of their emergence and dissemination in the Islamic world (2nd chapter). The study of the case of Aafia Siddiqui (3rd chapter) leads to the conclusion that the implication of conspiracy theories and disinformation in the activities of Islamic extremist groups represents a serious security threat for the Western countries, which the current policy leaves with no adequate response (4th chapter). As an outcome, the thesis proposes ten basic principles which should serve to the Western countries as a guideline for their approach to conspiracy theories and disinformation in the Islamic world. The main import of this thesis lies in it being one of the first attempts with regard to the researched topic to perform a comprehensive analysis with practical outcomes.

The thesis is concerned with a process usually called Competitive Intelligence. In the preface is a general view about the process, which is in following parts focused on particular discipline „disinformation“. In the first, an idea of disinformation is taken down with direction on its creation and using, also is there shown how to designed it to be effect and trusting. Compare to this in the second part are shown ways and precaution, which are used to the investigation, if its disinformation or not.

The supposed diploma thesis is mapping the network of so-called pro-Russian media in the Czech Republic on social networking sites Twitter and Facebook and subsequent analysis of their audience. The purpose of this analysis is to process socio-demographic and other informations for specific media or their clusters. In the theoretical part of the thesis will be read into the issue and acquainted with the current state of knowledge in this area. In the practical part of the work will be demonstrated own research using methods of social network analysis (SNA). That is, tools that include objective changes, measuring and tracking relationships and information flows between entities.

This thesis focused on disinformation, providing analysis of media system in the Czech Republic. The main focus is on content analysis of disinformations and their persuasive function - explaining what are the ain characteristics of those news and which lingual and rhetorical tools they use. The main tool which is discussed and analysed in this thesis is fallacy, false or invalid arguments. Disinformation phenomenon and its place in today's world is explained in their first part of the thesis. The second, empirical part of the thesis looks at specific examples of disinformations which were published at selected Czech disinformation news websites (Aaronet, AC24, Instory.cz). Selection of those websites was guided by their diversity when it comes to structure and themes. The sample of analysed articles was subject to predefined standards, chosing articles with the theme of immigration crisis which were published between 2015 and 2017.

Title Discourse analysis of disinformation in Czech media during the 2019 European Parliament election Abstract The thesis focuses on the content of fake news websites in the Czech online environment during the 2019 European Parliament election. Using the method of discourse analysis, the author characterizes main features of the discourse consisting of content published by selected six fake news websites. The main goal of the thesis is to analyse the discourse of selected websites and to define the problematic aspects of disinformation websites for Czech society during the elections. The emphasis is put on the prevailing narratives and topics leading the discussion within these websites. Through deeper look into the narratives as well as the authors and main actors of the discourse, the author reveals ideologies and thoughts which fuel the fake news content. At the same time, the author examines the extent to which the discourse emphasized emotions and polarization by using the "us" and "them" narrative. Specific language techniques and manipulation tools are then analysed within broader context. Furthermore, using the methods of critical discursive analysis referring to the works of Norman Fairclough and Teun van Dijk, the thesis defines how the analysed discourse could influence power relations within...

The master's thesis is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the dissemination of information and disinformation in media about the disease caused by the COVID-19 virus in the Czech Republic in the period 02/2020-02/2021. The aim of the thesis is to analyse selected news portals and identifying the possible impact of the information on the Internet on public behaviour. The purpose of the theoretical part is a brief definition of the basic concepts, mapping the course of information in the Czech Republic and comparison with similar situations from the past. Subsequently, the theoretical part contains a description of the means of communication used to inform citizens about the event. The aim of the practical part is to show how the course of the spread of the COVID-19 virus influenced the traffic to online news websites, what articles appeared in the Internet environment, and finally I focus on the analysis of whether there was a change in the behaviour of citizens in the Internet environment in the form of traffic to news websites, retail sales and changes in work habits.

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This study seeks to analyze and understand the Russian propaganda before and after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. 15th of October 2021 to the 28th of February 2022 is the chosen research period, mainly because of the importance to get an understanding of how Kremlin used its propaganda machine to first justify the invasion and then legitimizing it after 24th of February. The study aims to shed light on how the propaganda can be understood from the perspective of the theories classical realism and authoritarian propaganda. Also, from a more general perspective to recognize what truly pervades the Russian propaganda during the period. The result reveals that the propaganda is strongly shaped by realistic beliefs regarding Russia’s national security in relation to the supposed threat coming from Kyiv and the West. It also shows that the propaganda is heavily restricted to the Russian authorities, seeing that it aims to create a reality where the western hegemony is in the wrong, while the Russian society is an idealistic alternative. Therefor the propaganda creates an image that Russia did not have any other choice than to invade Ukraine, to save it from Nazism and the presumed disastrous western civilization.