Le présent mémoire propose un accès à ce qui se joue dans le choix des matériaux que j’utilise dans mon travail artistique (matières plastiques, dessins industriels, graines, coupons…) ainsi que le rendement, symbolique ou sensoriel, associé à ces matériaux (nourriture, confort, ergonomie, sécurité, production de sensations, production de valeur…). Je m’intéresse également aux tentatives industrielles d’utilisation de ces matériaux en vue de satisfaire de manière concrète certaines créations conceptuelles issues du langage (« indoor/outdoor », « substance », « synthétique »…).Les différentes parties qui composent le mémoire soulignent le caractère glissant des systèmes de valeur dans lesquels s’inscrivent les objets, l'alimentation et l'argent. Il s’agit d’observer les tentatives, parfois paradoxales, d’adapter des produits ou des matériaux à certains modes de quantification et de mesure particuliers, et les failles résultant de ces tentatives : failles matérielles, non idéologiques, comme par exemple la production d’argent invalide ou de pain non reconnu comme tel.La première partie du mémoire, Domefood, réunit les modes de représentation du mangeable dans lesquels le corps se projette.The Food Amounts Booklet, un ensemble de dessins développés dans les années 1980 pour quantifier l’apport de nourriture à partir de souvenirs et de descriptions, est outil fait pour mesurer la quantité de graisse dans un corps, par la projection d’une quantité mémorisée (et donc en partie imaginaire) de nourriture consommée sur des formes bidimensionnelles, indépendamment de toute échelle concrète. Des produits industriels comme les cameras GoPro et les capsules ongles entraînent également le corps à se « projeter » hors de lui-même en permettant un regard inédit, depuis le point de vue de ses extrémités. Le concept d’indoor/outdoor désigne les produits qui tentent d’effacer la différence entre l’intérieur domestique de l’habitat et la nature extérieure (semelles intérieures, moquette, système d’aspiration centrale…). Dans le domaine du design d’interface, le skeuomorphisme vise, par une sorte de camouflage, à favoriser la projection de qualités normalement associées à certains objets (texture, apparence, bruits…) en adaptant la matière à une attente sensorielle spécifique. Il donne naissance à des produits paradoxaux comme les hosties sans gluten, qui font ressurgir des problèmes relatifs à la réduction de la matière à des noms et à des symboles (ici, pain et substance), au cœur du débat sur la transsubstantiation.La deuxième partie du mémoire, Lawn, regroupe quelques pistes sur l’acheminement des matériaux plastiques vers une économie du jetable, ainsi que le développement du concept « synthétique ». Créés à partir d’un réarrangement de la nature, les plastiques sont des matériaux dont le caractère jetable définit la trajectoire et les motifs. Mais bien que jetables, les plastiques sont aussi symboles de durabilité et de résistance : résistants en tant que matière, mais aussi dans toutes les transformations qu’ils peuvent subir, leur capacité à imiter toutes sortes de textures, de surfaces, de formes. En plus de lui offrir une matière adaptée au geste de la consommation, les plastiques modifient le corps, ils le complètent (prothèses, sacs, accessoires, etc.), mais ils rendent également possible sa dissémination inédite. Avec les plastiques, les parties corps deviennent parties de différents ensembles.La troisième partie du mémoire, Spenders, est une liste d’exemples mettant en avant l’argent tel qu’il est en train d’être dépensé, non plus dans sa dimension virtuelle (garante de l’effectivité des transactions), mais en tant que matière. La matière de l’argent, même quand elle est fabriquée spécialement pour faciliter les échanges, met en lumière les limites de son usage. Parce que l’argent est ce qui oriente le système économique, il doit nécessairement être incarné comme matière. / List of works made during the doctorate SACRe:Insole, Slack, Pro’jet, Maquette pour Simon, Heureusement les tomates, H-dropper (2014)Float, Wampum, Doozer, Sourdough, Pervert’s Tailgate, Tips, Reel, DomeFood, Double-booty, No-Spenders, le Chouchou des nanas, Cimaise (2015)Future of Dry, Un espace vide ça n'a pas de sens, Poor Man Good Water, Tableau, Mounds, Spenders, Five Cents, Foam Home, Bust, Nickel Coin, Penny Perspective, Like Farming, Gainer (2016)Rook, Skip Cups, Still Life avec Jennifer, La Possibilité que je m'appelle moi-même, Étalon et son maître, Mö, Boo Berry, Peeler, Mick Swayze, Slunder, Woody Sketch, Judgment of Crop, Cookie Numbness, Healer (2017).

The housing market has seen increased housing prices and low inflation for the last decade. This study aims to answer if inflation affects the housing prices in Jönköping by looking at both the county and municipality levels. We are investigating apartments and small houses at both levels. To test this empirically, quarterly data was used for all variables using a multiple regression analysis for the years 2005 and 2021. The results display some differences between the two regions with the county being the preferred model of choice. We can not conclude with statistical significance that inflation affects housing prices. We conclude that a relationship between housing prices and inflation in Jönköping county and municipality seems to be present.

This report is about an innovative project on the sustainable design of disposable products triggered by critical thinking related to the environmental protection and use of paper-based disposable products.   The project is set against the backdrop of the UN End-plastic-pollution initiative, in the 21st century when plastic waste is proliferating and microplastics spread across the planet's ecosystems are already causing a serious environmental crisis. With a focus on disposable products, the project investigates and analyses the sustainability and experience of using paper-based disposable products as an alternative to plastic.   The authors argue that neither disposable products nor plastics are responsible for the current environmental crisis, but rather that the main problem lies in the leakage of disposable products through their life cycle, which is mainly related to consumer behaviour and life cycle management.   The study proposes a systemic innovation that combines enhanced lifecycle management through emerging technologies and a subscription service model for disposable products with user-centred principles. The innovation includes lifecycle maps, user journey maps and user interfaces as visual outcomes.   Finally, an assessment of the potential risks of the systemic innovative solution and a summary and reflection of the overall project are presented.

It is stated that Sweden is the leading country for the European Union when it comes to recycling and sorting. However, tonnes of waste are still being deposited to be incinerated instead of being reused or recycled. There are two reasons that are mentioned in this thesis. The first one is because of the large percentage of the municipal waste is sorted as non-recyclable thus, the solution to get rid of the waste existence is through incineration. Secondly, demolition of buildings is a large source to the amount of waste that is incinerated. Architects have even criticised the act of demolishing buildings when they have a huge potential to be used and solve increasing demands of residential buildings in Sweden. Even construction companies have tried to focus on solutions in which they recycle remains from demolished constructions into new materials for future projects. Still, there are still a demand of mining resources instead of using resources that are already used, which on its own has an impact on our already fragile environment. If we observe how architects, designers, construction engineers outside of Sweden tackles these problems. The conclusion is that they use more out of the box solutions by using waste that is not only caused by the construction industry alone, but also caused by the individuals who live in the country. While Sweden mainly focuses on preventing mining of resources used for construction work by recycled remains from other constructions. The rest of the world does not only implement this type of waste, but also all sorts of waste. Still, at the end, Sweden is stated to be one of the greatest countries when it comes to sorting waste. The law of banning non-certified disposable products made of plastic was finalised in the beginning of this year. It was recommended to not purchase or use products of this type if they were manufactured before the law came into action. Though what will happen with these products if they cannot be used, and people want to get rid of them? This thesis will answer these questions by combining the world of recycling with the world of architecture. This thesis is an experimental research based on the three methods of recycling waste into building material. The experimental research will visualise how disposable waste made of plastics can be implemented by using these methods, while also following the requirements of a sustainable construction material and product made in Sweden.

Marknadens påstående om att ”använda så lite plast som möjligt” är vilseledande när 5 av 11 miljövänliga blöjmärken observerades innehålla 80-75% fossil baserad plast.  Detta demonstrerar att vilseledande marknadsföring är närvarande på marknaden av miljövänliga engångsblöjor. Enligt denna studie kan en produkt kan idag innehålla 80% fossilbaserad råvarumaterial och fortfarande bli klassad som en miljövänlig produkt. Förutom att gröntvättning vilseleder konsumenter så bidrar den med att bromsa utvecklingen mot en hållbar konsumtion. Detta eftersom gröntvättning förhindrar strävan utförd av uppriktiga miljövänliga företag och vägleder genuina konsumenter mot icke-optimala val. Som i sin tur ger upphov av effekten att öka produkt konsumtionen och minska rörelsen mot en mer hållbar miljö.  Det är därför av intresse att framhäva möjlig falsk marknandsföring genom att undersöka marknadens påståenden i jämförelse med laborativa resultat. De ”gröna” företag som undersökts var: Lillydoo, Naty, Pampers Pure, Kit & Kin, Bambo Nature, Love & Green, Moltex, Seventh Generation, The Honest company, Hello Bello, och Tooshies by Tom. Som referens valdes två “icke-gröna” märken Libero och Pampers. Dessa totalt 13 st märken undersöktes genom dem analytiska metoder FTIR, kol-14-metoden, och densitetsmätningar. För metoden GC/MS undersöktes enbart det ”icke-gröna” märket Pampers. Från dessa resultat kunde blöjans plast polymerer, okända ämnen, och den totala mängden biobaserat material per blöja bli identifierad. Dem polymerer som identifierades var polypropen, polyeten, polyetentereftalat, eller bioco polyprpylene/polyetylene, och även den nedbrytningsbara polylaktid. För dem ”icke-gröna” märkena, var den totala mängden biobaserade kol inom intervallet av 13-15%. För dem ”gröna” blöjorna så varierade den totala mängden biobaserat kol till 20-53%. Enligt dessa resultat framtagna av denna studie påvisas att endast en skillnad av 5% procentenheter behövs för blöjan ska marknadsföras som miljövänlig. De okända ämnena som observerades i Pampers blöjan var dioxiner och furaner på nivåer ng/kg materialprov. / The market claims of  “using as little plastic as possible” is misleading when 5 out of 11 “green” diaper brands analysed contain 80-75 % fossil based plastic. It is also evident that few brands have changed materials going against babies skin from fossil based plastic to plant based, although they claim only natural material touches babies skin. This demonstrates greenwashing present in marketing of environmentally friendly disposable diapers. Based on this study, calling a product “green” today is not related to any demands on product materials and parents are easily mislead. A product can include 80 % fossil based plastic and be considered green without going against the law. Not only will greenwashing mislead consumers, but it will also contribute to slowing the worldwide development towards sustainable consumption, since greenwashing may have a risk of discouraging sincere companies efforts to go green and guide truly genuine consumers towards non-optimal choices. This gives potentially the effect of unnecessarily increasing product consumption and thereby slowing the movement towards a more sustainable environment. It is therefore of interest to highlight possible greenwashing in the diaper industry. With the hope of creating customer awareness during purchase of “green” disposable diapers. This is accomplished by investigating the market claims compared to laboratory analytical results. The “green” brands under investigation were Lillydoo, Naty, Pampers Pure, Kit & Kin, Bambo Nature, Love & Green, Moltex, Seventh Generation, The Honest company, Hello Bello, and Tooshies by Tom. For reference values two “non-green” brands are chosen as Libero and Pampers. These in total 13 brands were examined using the analytical techniques  FTIR, radiocarbon dating, and density measurements. For the GC/MS method only the fossil based diaper brand Pampers was examined. From these experiments the diaper polymers, unknown substances, and total amount of biobased content may be identified.  The diaper polymers observed were polypropylene, polyethylene,polyethylene terephthalate, or the bicomponent fiber polypropylene/polyethylene, as well as the biodegradable polylactic acid. For “non-green” brands, the amount of biobased carbon content ranged from 13-15%. While for the “green” diaper brands the amount of biobased carbon varied from 20-53%. The results obtained from this study, show that some brands do not exchange more than  5 % of materials from fossil based to biobased and still contain 80% plastic while labelling themselves as green. As the certifications frequently used by diaper brands have too tolerant levels for fossile based materials, the “plastic” diapers can obtain certificates consumers falsely believe guarantees a green product. There is a big need for stricter laws on what a diaper needs to fullfil to be called itself green, equally so on how industry set up certification criteria. Today consumers who want to buy green diapers are too easily misled as majority of claimed green brands are not much greener than standard diapers.

A large proportion of the food that is consumed daily is bought ready-madeand is served on some sort of disposable container. ConServ AB developsand produces sustainable food packaging made from Areca palm leaves.The company wonders how durable the product is so that they can further investigate on their own what form the product should have for thebest durability. They also wonder how durable the product is during usage.The aim is to conduct a pilot study to investigate and identify trends regarding the material’s durability and mechanical behaviour during and as aresult of simulated useage. The goal is to use tensile tests and photograhicmethods to produce a basis with data on the material’s behaviour for ConServ.In order to be able to evaluate the durability and behavior of the product,a systematic study has been carried out where tensile tests were performedon test pieces exposed to a food simulant in the form of water or vinegarsolution. The test pieces were exposed for 0, 1, 6, 24 or 48 hours and testswere performed immediately after exposure.Experimental data show that the durability of the product depends to alarge extent on the fiber direction, where the test pieces taken perpendicularto the fiber direction performed worse in the tensile test. The mechanicalbehavior of the material is affected by the time it is exposed to liquid andbecomes more ductile with time.

In my thesis, I have covered interviews with ten women - mothers who have decided to use for their babies a changing system of modern cloth diapers. For the topic I have used a qualitative sociological research strategy. The purpose of the received data from the interviews was to answer questions about motivations and reasons for the usage of this type of nappies and decide what benefits they see in them. As our society is used to disposable baby diapers and looks at them as a norm, I was interested in people's reactions, which these mothers have faced and how they have coped with. Finally, I have tried to find out the role of the internet and the social media in this matter. The theoretical part is devoted to the history of cloth and disposable diapers. There I have put into the context the issue of cloth diapers with the principles of sustainable development and responsible consumption. In the practical part I have carried out an analysis of ten semi-structured interviews with mothers who have been using cloth diapers for babies, along with examples of expressions of activities associated with cloth diapers in social media on the internet.

Perfusion operation mode is currently under fast expansion in mammalian cell based manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals, not only for labile drug protein but also for stable proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Perfusion mode can advantageously offer a stable cell environment, long-term production with high productivity and consistent product quality. Intensified high cell density culture (HCDC) is certainly one of the most attractive features of a perfusion process due to the high volumetric productivity in a small footprint that it can provide. Advancements in single-use technology have alleviated the intrinsic complexity of perfusion processes while the maturing in cell retention devices has improved process robustness. The knowledge for perfusion process has been gradually built and the “continuous” concept is getting more and more acceptance in the field. This thesis presents the development of robust perfusion process at very high cell densities in various culture systems. Four HCDC perfusion systems were developed with industrial collaborators with three different mAb producing Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines: 1-2) WAVE Bioreactor™ Cellbag prototype equipped with cell separation by hollow fiber filter utilizing Alternating Tangential Flow (ATF) and Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) techniques; 3) Fiber matrix based CellTank™ prototype; 4) Glass stirred tank bioreactor equipped with ATF. In all the systems, extremely high viable cell densities above 130 million viable cells per milliliter (MVC/mL) up to 214 MVC/mL were achieved. Steady states were maintained and studied at 20-30 MVC/mL and 100-130 MVC/mL for process development. Perfusion rate selection based on cell specific perfusion rate (CSPR) was systematically investigated and exometabolome study was performed to explore the metabolic footprint of HCDC perfusion process. / <p>QC 20170523</p>

The goal of this thesis will be to formulate an economic model that exposes the relationship between consumption of luxury goods and selected factors which includes advertising, disposable income, interest rate, price index and stock premium. By building the Multiple Linear Regressions model to formulate the consumption function and using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as the method, it becomes apparent that advertising, disposable income and the previous quarter´s disposable income are the major variables to affect luxury good consumption, of all the factors. Furthermore, the previous quarter´s disposable income has a slightly higher effect than the current one on luxury consumption. Similar studies, which focus on luxury items, have proposed models that test a single or a few variables at a time, and others that concentrate on durable goods have a wide range of variables to examine. I attempt to combine both in my model to test luxury consumption with a wide range of variables. / 1.Abstrsact: short (1/2 page)The very specific purpose of your studyThe finding ( results) The method: statistical method, the data , the theoretical data,Compare your results with the results from similar studies.2.Introduction (1 and half page)A general idea ( 4-6 lines)Make references to theoretical and empirical research paper.Names, dates, and contribution.The purpose of your studyMethodLimitationOutline of the paper3.Conclusion (1 page)The purpose of the studyThe resultsThe methodComparison with the results from similar studiesCritical discussion of your own studiesFurther studies4. consider opponents points too

Purpose: Contact lens (CL) materials, modalities of wear and replacement, and care systems have changed considerably since the early studies of CL compliance were first conducted. Silicone hydrogel (SiHy) and daily disposable (DD) lenses are now the most popular lenses worn worldwide and the care systems that are currently available for them have been designed to be straightforward to use. The purpose of this research was to investigate patient knowledge of and compliance with the use of these contemporary CLs and care products, to determine whether non-compliant CL wearers experience ocular complications relating to lens wear more frequently and are more likely to discontinue lens wear, and to try to determine the factors that may constrain or enable patients to follow recommendations for appropriate lens wear and care. Methods: There are many ways in which compliance can be assessed in health care. Several different methodologies were employed during this research: A questionnaire was administered to just over 100 current lens wearers to determine whether photographic aids would help them to recognize which products they were using. More than 500 contact lens (CL) wearers were recruited by their eye care practitioners (ECPs) and mailed a questionnaire designed to evaluate their compliance with contact lens wear and care and to determine whether they had experienced any contact lens related complications which may have occurred as a result of non-compliance. Close to 5000 Current and lapsed CL wearers in Canada were recruited using Facebook to take part in an on line survey investigating CL wearing experiences during 2008 – 2010 and to establish the percentage of participants who temporarily and permanently discontinued CL wear during the period surveyed, the reasons for discontinuation and whether compliance with lens wear and care may have played a role. ECPs and patients independently completed more than 2000 linked questionnaires evaluating their contact lens wear and care. In addition the frequency with which patients attended their ECP’s office for eye examinations was assessed to determine whether there was a relationship between this and their patients’ compliance. More than 800 daily disposable contact lens (DDCL) wearers in four countries completed an online questionnaire designed to investigate how frequently they reused their lenses, the reasons for reuse and how the lenses were stored between uses. Quantitative (online questionnaire) and qualitative (focus groups) research methods were used to explore in detail the lens wear and care habits of adapted contact lens wearers in an attempt to seek a better understanding of what enables and constrains patient compliance with appropriate lens wear and lens care. Results: The rates of non-compliance with the wear of contemporary CLs were found to be similar to those previously reported. Non-compliance with recommendations for CL replacement was shown to be associated with a higher rate of CL related problems. CL wearers continue to “drop-out” for reasons of discomfort and dryness with their lenses but the drop out rates were not found to be different between compliant and non-compliant CL wearers. Patients who were non-compliant with lens replacement were found to attend their ECP’s offices less frequently. Wearers of DDCLs were the most compliant with lens replacement; however, some did report reusing these lenses and sleeping overnight in them. Focus group participants were able to provide a greater insight into why non-compliant behaviour occurs in CL wearers with the most frequently occurring themes identified as the “consequences” that may occur if patients are non-compliant with one or more aspects of their contact lens wear and the importance of receiving “instructions” regarding the most appropriate way to wear and care for their lenses. Most of the themes that emerged from this qualitative research study were both constraints to, and enablers of, compliance. Conclusions: Compliance with contemporary CLs and care products remains poor. Non-compliant behaviour can result in serious complications and patients may not always be aware of this. Careful counseling and education on the risks associated with CL wear is required to provide patients with a better lens wearing experience and continued successful contact lens wear. ECPs and the contact lens industry can hopefully apply this greater understanding of why patients fail to wear and care for their lenses as they should and to help them develop strategies and tools to aid compliance and success in contact lens wear.