by Yan, Men-Hin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-119). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Storing XML in Database Systems --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Outline of the Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview of XML --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Extensible Markup Language (XML) --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Data Type Definition (DTD) --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "ID, IDREF and IDREFS" --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Using Special-Purpose Database to Store XML Data --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Using Relational Databases to Store XML Data --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extracting Schemas with STORED --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Using Simple Schemes Based on Labeled Graph --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Generating Schemas from DTDs --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Commercial Approaches --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discovering Functional Dependencies --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Functional Dependency --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Finding Functional Dependencies --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- TANE and Partition Refinement --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5 --- Multivalued Dependencies --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Example of Multivalued Dependency --- p.18 / Chapter 3 --- Using RDBMS to Store XML Data --- p.20 / Chapter 3.1 --- Global Schema Extraction Algorithm --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Step 1: Simplify DTD --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Step 2: Construct Schema Prototype Trees --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Step 3: Generate Relational Schema Prototype --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Step 4: Discover Functional Dependencies and Candidate Keys --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Step 5: Normalize the Relational Schema Prototypes --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Discussion --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- DTD-splitting Schema Extraction Algorithm --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Step 1: Simplify DTD --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Step 2: Construct Schema Prototype Trees --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Step 3: Generate Relational Schema Prototype --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Step 4: Discover Functional Dependencies and Candidate Keys --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Step 5: Normalize the Relational Schema Prototypes --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Real Life XML Data: SIGMOD Record XML --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Synthetic XML Data --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.68 / Chapter 4 --- Finding Multivalued Dependencies --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1 --- Validation of Multivalued Dependencies --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2 --- Search Strategy and Pruning --- p.80 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Search Strategy for Left-hand Sides Candidates --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Search Strategy for Right-hand Sides Candidates --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Other Pruning --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3 --- Computing with Partitions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Computing Partitions --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4 --- Algorithm --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Generating Next Level Candidates --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Computing Partitions --- p.93 / Chapter 4.5 --- Experimental Results --- p.94 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Results of the Algorithm --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Evaluation on the Results --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Scalability of the Algorithm --- p.98 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Using Multivalued Dependencies in Schema Extraction Al- gorithms --- p.101 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.108 / Chapter 5.1 --- Discussion --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future Work --- p.110 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Translate Semistructured Queries to SQL --- p.110 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Improve the Multivalued Dependency Discovery Algorithm --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Incremental Update of Resulting Schema --- p.113 / Bibliography --- p.113 / Appendix --- p.120 / Chapter A --- Simple Proof for Minimality in Multivalued Dependencies --- p.120 / Chapter B --- Third and Fourth Normal Form Decompositions --- p.122 / Chapter B.1 --- 3NF Decomposition Algorithm --- p.123 / Chapter B.2 --- 4NF Decomposition Algorithm --- p.124

Experiments were conducted to show the effectiveness of our approaches. / The security of the XML data draws as much attention as the efficiency problem. In this thesis, we study a promising approach to store the accessibility information, which is based on the Compressed Accessibility Map (CAM). We make two advancements in this direction. (1) Previous work suggests that for each user group and each operation type, a different CAM is built. We observe that the performance and storage requirements can be further improved by combining multiple CAMs into an Integrated CAM (ICAM). We explore this possibility and propose an integration mechanism. (2) If the change in structure of the XML data is not frequent, we suggest an efficient lookup method, which can be applied to CAMS or ICAMs, with a much lower time complexity compared to the previous approach. / We take into consideration ID/IDREF attributes, which are common in XML documents. Most related works model an XML document with ID/IDREF attributes as a graph. We retain a tree model, called extended XML tree, in which the IDREF attribute is regarded as an IDREF node, instead of an IDREF edge to the corresponding node. Based on this model, we propose a B+-tree style index (PIN-tree) integrating the essence of the path index and the inverted list approach. A query evaluation algorithm, PINE, based on the model and the indexing is proposed. PINE handles efficiently queries with/without IDREF requests, and IDREF requests can be stated explicitly or implicitly. We prove that PINE is near optimal for twig queries without IDREF requests under the assumption that the number of distinct tag paths to a label is limited. The assumption is proven to be reasonable by experiments. The complexity of PINE for queries with IDREF requests is also given. / XML is emerging as a widely-used platform-independent data representation language. With increasing interests in XML data, techniques concerning XML evolve rapidly. In this thesis, we study two important issues when querying XML data, efficiency and security, which are essential to an XML searching engine. / Jiang Mingfei. / "January 2006." / Adviser: Ada Wai-Chee Fu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6509. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-143). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

La recherche Palcos da Vida1: le vidéo en tant que document sur le théâtre étudie les processus de la production et de l'expérimentation théâtrale, à Porto Alegre, aux années 80, à partir d'enregistrements vidéo réalisés par TVE/RS. Au cours des trois dernières années de cette décennie, la télévision publique a enregistré plusieurs représentations théâtrales qui ont été exposées dans la ville. L’émissions intitulée Palcos da Vida, présentait, à chaque fois scènes des spectacles et témoignages des commédiens et metteurs en scène. Ce mémoire jette un regard sur ce moment historique et, en enployant d'enregistrements, souligne l’importance du vidéo en tant que document sur le théâtre. Ce sont analysés les spetacles A Mãe da Miss e o Pai do Punk (mise en scène par Luiz Arthur Nunes), A Verdadeira História de Édipo Rei (Troupe Gregos & Troianos), Escondida na Calcinha (mise en scène par Patsy Cecato), Império da Cobiça (Troupe TEAR), O Ferreiro e a Morte (Troupe Face & Carretos), Ostal (Tribo de Atuadores Ói Nóis Aqui Traveiz) e Tangos e Tragédias (de Hique Gomez et Nico Nicolaiewsky). Cet extrait configure un tableau de l'art dramatique qui établie un important ensemble de la prodution et de la mise en scène du Rio Grande do Sul. On constate que le domaine abordé est caraterisé par la coexistence des plusiers mouvements dramatiques, marqués par des propositions et styles les plus divers, par la variété du répertoire et l'hybridité des genres, comme la comédie, la comédie musicale et le théâtre expérimental. Autre aspect abordé c’est le rapport entre le théâtre et la télévison: le rôle des médias comme médiateurs entre le spectacle et le public. La recherche est fondée sur des travaux théoriques de Marco De Marinis et Patrice Pavis. Comme référence supplémentaires, on remarque le travail des noms tels que Michel de Certeau, Sandra Pesavento, Dominique Wolton et Jesús Martín-Barbero. / A pesquisa Palcos da Vida: o vídeo como documento do teatro investiga os processos de produção e de experimentação teatral, em Porto Alegre, nos anos 1980, a partir de registros em vídeo feitos pela TVE/RS. Nos últimos três anos daquela década, a emissora pública de televisão gravou diversos espetáculos teatrais que estavam em cartaz na cidade. Os programas, com o título Palcos da Vida, apresentavam cenas das peças e depoimentos de atores e diretores. Este trabalho lança um olhar sobre aquele momento histórico e, por meio das gravações, ressalta a importância do vídeo como documento do teatro. São enfocados os espetáculos A Mãe da Miss e o Pai do Punk (direção de Luiz Arthur Nunes), A Verdadeira História de Édipo Rei (Grupo Gregos & Troianos), Escondida na Calcinha (direção de Patsy Cecato), Império da Cobiça (Grupo TEAR), O Ferreiro e a Morte (Grupo Teatral Face & Carretos), Ostal (Tribo de Atuadores Ói Nóis Aqui Traveiz) e Tangos e Tragédias (de Hique Gomez e Nico Nicolaiewsky). O conjunto traça um painel das artes cênicas do Rio Grande do Sul, constituindo-se em um importante acervo sobre a produção e a encenação teatrais. Constata-se que o campo teatral estudado caracteriza-se pelo convívio de formas cênicas marcadas pela diversidade de propostas e estilos. A variedade de repertório e hibridismo de gêneros ocorre por meio de comédias, musicais e experiências estéticas da cena alternativa. Outro aspecto abordado é a relação entre teatro e televisão: os meios de comunicação como mediadores entre espetáculo e público. A pesquisa tem como base teórica obras de Marco De Marinis e Patrice Pavis. Como referenciais complementares, destaca-se o trabalho de nomes como Michel de Certeau, Sandra Pesavento, Dominique Wolton e Jesús Martín-Barbero.

Extracting strokes from handwriting in historical documents provides high-level features for the challenging problem of handwriting recognition. Such handwriting often contains noise, faint or incomplete strokes, strokes with gaps, overlapping ascenders and descenders and competing lines when embedded in a table or form, making it unsuitable for local line following algorithms or associated binarization schemes. We introduce Intelligent Pen for piece-wise optimal stroke extraction. Extracted strokes are stitched together to provide a complete trace of the handwriting. Intelligent Pen formulates stroke extraction as a set of piece-wise optimal paths, extracted and assembled in cost order. As such, Intelligent Pen is robust to noise, gaps, faint handwriting and even competing lines and strokes. Intelligent Pen traces compare closely with the shape as well as the order in which the handwriting was written. A quantitative comparison with an ICDAR handwritten stroke data set shows Intelligent Pen traces to be within 0.78 pixels (mean difference) of the manually created strokes.

<p>The main purpose with this study is to make the modified parenting visible in relation to the school over time. How have the views of parenting and support, by the pedagogues and the parents, earlier been interpreted and how is it today? The results of the interviews, which were more like an everyday dialogue, were analyzed through a phenomenological effort with a hermeneutist method interpretation. The theory connection has mainly consisted of relevant terms for this study.</p><p>I have come to the conclusion that parents today feel that they have an extended responsibility when it comes their own children’s knowledge. The reason for this is something they already knew and has now been enforced when <em>Skolverket (2009, a)</em> has produced a report which enlightens this and it has been written about in the media.  Some were concerned and felt a lack of competence and time to be able to live up to and take on the increased responsibility. One person emphasized that the school demands parent’s commitment and questioned the school with the mission which has been imposed on them, in case it wasn’t their mission which had been imposed on the parents instead.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2001. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 54 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: XML; XQuery; incremental view maintenance. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-263).

In this paper, we present a automatic item classification system,called AICS. This system is according the content structure that are provided from the teacher for create a content tree. This content tree can correlate the item with content. The main works of AICS classify the item and find the most similar content. After than the system compute the relationship between the item and content, AICS can automatic compute the difficulty of item and examination. The work of this research has two categories: 1. The system can show the content that are related to the item and help the teacher understand the difficulty of the examination paper quickly. 2. When after the examination, the system provide the content for student understand the irrelevant items.

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The creation of an Enterprise Search system involves many challenges that are not present in Web search. Searching a corporate collection is influenced both by the structure of the data present in the collection and by the policies of the corporation. These structures and policies may differ from corporation to corporation, and from collection to collection. In particular, an Enterprise Search system must take a document's genre into account. Examples of document genre within a corporate collection might include FAQs, white papers, technical reports, memos, emails and chat messages. Depending on an individual's current work task, it might be appropriate to give one genre a greater weight than another during the processing of a search request. Moreover, this weighting may change as the individual's work task changes. The work presented in this thesis adapts the Okapi BM25 scoring function to weight term frequency based on the relevance of a document genre to a work task. The method utilizes two user-provided resources, relevance judgments and clickthrough data, to estimate a realistic weight for each task-genre relationship. Using this approach, the method matches the purpose of each user search request with the purpose of each document. Therefore, the proper documents are returned to the user and her/his need can be fulfilled. The method has been incorporated into a prototype search engine, X-site, currently deployed on a corporate intranet. X-Site is a contextual search engine that uses the relationships between work tasks and document genres to improve search precision for software engineers. The system provides a customized and user-controlled means of refining search results to suit the task context of a user. Through X-Site, each employee can make a single search request and has access to documents from the Internet, a corporate intranet, and Lotus Notes databases.