Esta dissertação objetiva discutir a importância do momento histórico na construção da narrativa de um romance de ficção científica, tomando como base as obras Admirável mundo novo (1932), do escritor inglês Aldous Huxley, e O canal de execução (2007), do romancista escocês Ken MacLeod. A primeira obra descreve uma sociedade distópica em um futuro distante, que revela, porém, aspectos obviamente evidentes das décadas de 1920 e 1930. A segunda, tratando de um plausível futuro próximo da humanidade, apesar de apresentar uma alternativa à História do período entre os anos 2000 e 2007, refere-se claramente a preocupações presentes nas mentes do indivíduo pós-moderno. Os diferentes momentos em que se inserem as obras analisadas o período entreguerras e o início do século XXI, respectivamente permitem que sejam elaboradas considerações a partir de definições de utopia e distopia concebidas ao longo da história do pensamento utópico, principalmente através de perspectivas sociopolíticas relevantes para os períodos em questão, procurando destacar de que maneira a História se faz presente nas narrativas de Huxley e de MacLeod em tela / This dissertation aims at discussing the importance of the historical moment in the construction of the narrative of a Science Fiction novel, focusing on Brave New World (1932), by the English writer Aldous Huxley, and The Execution Channel (2007), by the Scottish novelist Ken MacLeod. The first one describes a dystopic society in a distant future, revealing, however, evident aspects of the 1920s and the 1930s. The second one, which is about a plausible near future for humankind, though presenting an alternative to the History of the period between 2000 and 2007, clearly refers to worries on the post-modern individuals mind. The different moments in which the analyzed novels are inserted the interwar period and the beginning of the twenty-first century, respectively allow us to make some considerations starting from definitions of utopia and dystopia conceived along the history of utopic thought, especially through sociopolitical perspectives which are relevant to the periods in question, attempting to emphasize how History is present in Huxleys and MacLeods narratives under consideration

Esta dissertação objetiva discutir a importância do momento histórico na construção da narrativa de um romance de ficção científica, tomando como base as obras Admirável mundo novo (1932), do escritor inglês Aldous Huxley, e O canal de execução (2007), do romancista escocês Ken MacLeod. A primeira obra descreve uma sociedade distópica em um futuro distante, que revela, porém, aspectos obviamente evidentes das décadas de 1920 e 1930. A segunda, tratando de um plausível futuro próximo da humanidade, apesar de apresentar uma alternativa à História do período entre os anos 2000 e 2007, refere-se claramente a preocupações presentes nas mentes do indivíduo pós-moderno. Os diferentes momentos em que se inserem as obras analisadas o período entreguerras e o início do século XXI, respectivamente permitem que sejam elaboradas considerações a partir de definições de utopia e distopia concebidas ao longo da história do pensamento utópico, principalmente através de perspectivas sociopolíticas relevantes para os períodos em questão, procurando destacar de que maneira a História se faz presente nas narrativas de Huxley e de MacLeod em tela / This dissertation aims at discussing the importance of the historical moment in the construction of the narrative of a Science Fiction novel, focusing on Brave New World (1932), by the English writer Aldous Huxley, and The Execution Channel (2007), by the Scottish novelist Ken MacLeod. The first one describes a dystopic society in a distant future, revealing, however, evident aspects of the 1920s and the 1930s. The second one, which is about a plausible near future for humankind, though presenting an alternative to the History of the period between 2000 and 2007, clearly refers to worries on the post-modern individuals mind. The different moments in which the analyzed novels are inserted the interwar period and the beginning of the twenty-first century, respectively allow us to make some considerations starting from definitions of utopia and dystopia conceived along the history of utopic thought, especially through sociopolitical perspectives which are relevant to the periods in question, attempting to emphasize how History is present in Huxleys and MacLeods narratives under consideration

"A Utopia antecipada: Ação Direta na Educação em Direitos Humanos", analisa as ações e resultados do "Itinerantes" para promover a educação em direitos humanos em 19 municípios no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. "Ação Direta" aponta para as iniciativas de educadores itinerantes ("Os Itinerantes") para buscar os alunos onde quer que eles estejam – nas perspectivas geográfica, social e educacional - e transformar espaços não-tradicionais e em arenas educativas. A Educação em Direitos Humanos foi implantada por meio de aulas abertas, debates, rodas de conversa, narrativas e filmes, com o objetivo de criar "momentos de formação" para desmantelar a "sociedade do espetáculo" que mistifica a violência institucional. Os educadores itinerantes em direitos humanos buscam as "vivências" dos alunos, registrando seu discurso, como forma de conscientização transformadora em futuras ações educativas. Propõe-se que a educação direta em direitos humanos promoverá a revolução educacional e social. / “The Dawning of Early Utopia: Direct Action in Human Rights Education”, analyzes the actions and outcomes of “Itinerant Wanderers” to introduce human rights education into 19 municipalities in Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul State. “Direct Action” points to the iniciatives of Itinerant educators (“Wanderers”) to seek students where they are – geographically, socially, and educationally – and to transform non-traditional spaces into teaching arenas. Human Rights Education was implanted through lectures, debates, dialogues, narratives, and films, with the objective of creating “teaching moments” that dismantle the “society of spetacle” that mystifies institutional violence. Human rights itinerant educators solicit the “lived experiences” of students, recording their discourse which is transformed into consciousness raising teaching in future classes. It is proposed that direct human rights education will promote educational and social revolution.

"A Utopia antecipada: Ação Direta na Educação em Direitos Humanos", analisa as ações e resultados do "Itinerantes" para promover a educação em direitos humanos em 19 municípios no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. "Ação Direta" aponta para as iniciativas de educadores itinerantes ("Os Itinerantes") para buscar os alunos onde quer que eles estejam – nas perspectivas geográfica, social e educacional - e transformar espaços não-tradicionais e em arenas educativas. A Educação em Direitos Humanos foi implantada por meio de aulas abertas, debates, rodas de conversa, narrativas e filmes, com o objetivo de criar "momentos de formação" para desmantelar a "sociedade do espetáculo" que mistifica a violência institucional. Os educadores itinerantes em direitos humanos buscam as "vivências" dos alunos, registrando seu discurso, como forma de conscientização transformadora em futuras ações educativas. Propõe-se que a educação direta em direitos humanos promoverá a revolução educacional e social. / “The Dawning of Early Utopia: Direct Action in Human Rights Education”, analyzes the actions and outcomes of “Itinerant Wanderers” to introduce human rights education into 19 municipalities in Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul State. “Direct Action” points to the iniciatives of Itinerant educators (“Wanderers”) to seek students where they are – geographically, socially, and educationally – and to transform non-traditional spaces into teaching arenas. Human Rights Education was implanted through lectures, debates, dialogues, narratives, and films, with the objective of creating “teaching moments” that dismantle the “society of spetacle” that mystifies institutional violence. Human rights itinerant educators solicit the “lived experiences” of students, recording their discourse which is transformed into consciousness raising teaching in future classes. It is proposed that direct human rights education will promote educational and social revolution.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Giselia R D da Silva.pdf: 702936 bytes, checksum: a6afe83d56fd1fea4ecc4c13283c3d62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-09 / Since the Literature Training and Information until the contemporary literature, the Indian, under the most diverse shapes and shades, is always revisited by the Brazilian literary works. In this study, we observed how the novel A expedição Montaigne (1982), by Antonio Callado, incorporates in its narrative economy, the issue of indigenous peoples. This attempt to understand the approach of the Indian in a specific novel opened space for wider discussion. We seek, then, to understand what facets are coated the representation of the Indian in contemporary Brazilian novel, here understood as that novel produced from the second half of the twentieth century, supported mainly by reflections of Walnice Nogueira Galvão, who find themselves in a systematic test of the 1970, whose Indianism revisited" we took borrowed. Moreover, we discuss how the other novels, by Antonio Callado, produced during the same period, also deal with the issue of indigenous and, in parallel, pressing issues in a very specific moment in Brazilian history: the military dictatorship. To this end, we guided by our discussions in some studies critical of the singularities of the socio-historical, political and cultural Brazilian context of the second half of the twentieth century. As is the case of Tania Pellegrini, Regina Dalcastagné, Walnice Nogueira Galvão, and in the readings of novelist by Antonio Callado, whose main authors are Ligia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Alcmeno Bastos e Rejane Rocha. Thus, in an attempt to tie the threads, we finally reflect on how the narratological resources are mobilized in A expedição Montaigne to enable both a reassessment of the incongruities of the dictatorial regime that is already ending, as well as the historical and ideological contradictions that shape the representation of Indians in Brazilian novel. / Da Literatura de Formação e Informação até a contemporaneidade, o índio, sob as mais diversas formas e matizes, sempre é revisitado pelas obras literárias brasileiras. Nesse estudo, averiguamos o modo como o romance A expedição Montaigne (1982), de Antonio Callado, incorpora tematicamente em sua economia narrativa a questão do indígena. Essa tentativa de se compreender a abordagem do índio em um romance específico abriu espaço para reflexões mais amplas. Buscamos, então, entender de que facetas se revestiu a representação do índio no romance brasileiro contemporâneo, aqui entendido como aquele produzido a partir da segunda metade do século XX, amparados, principalmente, pelas reflexões de Walnice Nogueira Galvão, que se acham sistematizadas em um ensaio da década de 1970, de quem tomamos emprestado o termo indianismo revisitado . Além disso, discutimos o modo como os demais romances de Callado produzidos nesse mesmo período, também lidam com a temática do indígena e, paralelamente, com as questões prementes a um momento muito específico da história brasileira: a ditadura militar. Para tanto, pautamos nossas discussões nos estudos de alguns críticos a respeito das singularidades do contexto sócio-histórico, político e cultural brasileiro da segunda metade do século XX, como é o caso de Tânia Pellegrini, Regina Dalcastagné e Walnice Nogueira Galvão; bem como pelas leituras já realizadas sobre a obra romanesca de Antonio Callado, cujos principais estudiosos são Ligia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Alcmeno Bastos e Rejane Rocha. Assim, numa tentativa de articular as partes e obter um resultado significativo para o trabalho, buscamos finalmente refletir sobre como os recursos narratológicos são mobilizados em A expedição Montaigne, a fim de possibilitar tanto uma reavaliação das incongruências e dos efeitos nefastos do regime ditatorial que já estava se findando, quanto das contradições históricas e ideológicas que moldam a representação do indígena no romance brasileiro.

Les concepts de dystopie et de postmodernisme ont pris une dimension nouvelle depuis une vingtaine d’années environ.Ces concepts, qui ont fait l’objet d’études multiples tant sur le plan littéraire qu’historique, pour ne citer que ces deuxdomaines-là, ont révélé d’autres perspectives qui, de notre point de vue, n’ont pas encore été abordées. Il s’agit parexemple du rapport entre la dystopie et les ruines. A travers cette thèse, nous avons étudié les concepts de dystopie et deruines tel qu’ils apparaissent dans trois oeuvres (Riddley Walker, (1980) de Russel Hoban, Cloud Atlas, (2004) de DavidMitchell et The Book of Dave (2006) de Will Self) à la lumière des évènements contemporains et en rapport avec lepostmodernisme. Ce corpus a permis de souligner des liens entre dystopie et postmodernisme grâce à la valeuresthétique, éthique, poétique et politique des ruines dont l’ubiquité nous a fait considérer les oeuvres dystopiquescomme un portrait du monde où nous vivons. Cette thèse a par ailleurs permis de souligner le comportementautodestructeur de l’homme, en rapport avec la notion de progrès qui est constamment remise sur le métier, devenantplus une illusion qu’une réalité au moyen de scènes de violence dont les principales illustrations restent les deux conflitsmondiaux avec la Shoah et les bombes atomiques larguées sur Hiroshima et Nagasaki ainsi que l’utilisation des armeschimiques. En plus d’être un trait d’union entre dystopie et postmodernisme, les ruines s’érigent en témoin du passésinistre de l’homme vers lequel elles guident les contemplateurs tout en leur rappelant la vanité de leur vie etl’évanescence de toute existence. L’ubiquité des ruines ne cesse de plonger survivants et contemplateurs dans unemélancolie à laquelle s’ajoute le trauma lié à la perte et la menace de répétition du passé. Les ruines deviennent alorsune forme d’expression, un langage pour les dystopies postmodernes et, à travers elles, les disparus prennent la parole.Les traces de ce qui a été sont ainsi devenues des médias par lesquels le silence des ruines devient la parole de ceux quine sont plus, révélant de manière continue la présence du passé. / The concepts of dystopia and postmodernism have taken a new dimension for the past two decades. These conceptshave been explored in multiple studies from both literary and historical viewpoints, to name but these two areas thathave revealed other perspectives, which, to our knowledge, have not yet been addressed. This is the case, for example,of the relationship between dystopia and ruins. The present work explores the concepts of dystopia and ruins as theyappear in the three books (Riddley Walker (1980) by Russell Hoban, Cloud Atlas (2004) by David Mitchell and TheBook of Dave (2006) by Will Self) in the light of contemporary events and in connection with postmodernism. Thiscorpus was used to discover the links between dystopia and postmodernism through the aesthetic, ethical, poetic andpolitical values of ruins, the ubiquity of which brought us to consider the dystopian works as a depiction of the world inwhich we live. The present study has also helped highlight the destructive behavior of Man in relation to the notion ofprogress that is constantly questioned, thus becoming more of an illusion than a reality because of scenes of violencemainly illustrated by the two World Wars with the Shoah and the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,as well as the use of chemical weapons, commonly called mass destruction weapons. Besides being a bridge betweendystopia and postmodernism, ruins stand as witnesses of Man’s sinister past toward which they direct contemplatorswhile reminding them of the vanity of their lives and the evanescence of any existence. The ubiquity of the ruinsrelentlessly plunges survivors and contemplators into a melancholy supplemented by the trauma associated to thefeeling of loss and the threat of a repetition of the past. The ruin thus becomes a form of expression, a language forpostmodern dystopias and through it, the departed speak. The traces of what has been have thus become media through

Une quinzaine d'oeuvres provenant de champs artistiques et culturels différents [littérature et cinéma] réunies par un dénominateur commun, seront soumises à notre questionnement : existe-t-il un idéal type de société sous surveillance ? A travers l'usage de la taxinomie et une approche comparatiste, nous dresserons une typologie des images comme éléments clés des représentations. Au système de multiplication de référents symboliques interne à chaque oeuvre s'ajoute celui d'un réseau de correspondances visuelles exogène basé sur un référentiel d'images quasi immuable. Les oeuvres se révèlent riches en sens et en symboles. Les nombreuses images convoquées par l'écrivain par le biais de métaphores ou autres tropes, rejoignent celles du réalisateur. Une étude transversale aboutit à un répertoire de codifications visuelles portant sur des univers imaginaires. On constate ainsi par ce biais un processus incessant de recyclage d'idées et d'histoires, qui se muent en standard et permettent de capturer une audience de plus en plus internationale, tout en forgeant un imaginaire social qui s'instaure par contagion. Les propos servis sont sérieux. L'ensemble dissémine une vision du monde qui obéit le plus souvent au principe de rationalisation, censé de s ' inscrire dans un ordre du contrôle et de la manipulation. Jaillissent des mondes nouveaux, comme porteurs de révélations quasi universelles. Nos auteurs [de science-fiction] s'inscrivent dans une longue tradition [l'utopie]. Mais la pression du genre, des motifs obligés et des conventions, n'entame pas leur capacité au renouveau, et la redite n'est pas un frein à l'innovation. / About fifteen works from different artistic and cultural backgrounds [literature and cinema], and sharing a common denominator, will be submitted to our questioning: is there an ideal type of society under surveillance? Through the use of taxonomy and a comparatist approach, we will draw up a typology of images as key elements of our representations. The system of multiplying symbolic referents inherent in each work completes a network of visual exogenous correspondence based on a relatively steady image referential. Works prove to be rich, both in meaning and symbol. The many images used by the writer, by means of metaphors or other tropes, meet that of a fiction director. A transversal study leads to a directory of visual codifications bearing upon imaginary worlds. This is how we observe an incessant process of recycling ideas and stories, that evolve into standards, thus enabling to capture the eye of an ever more international public, while forging a social imaginary world, settling in by way of contagion. The topics dealt with are serious. As a whole, they disseminate a vision of the world that obeys, most of the time, a rationalization principle that is supposed to be in line with control and manipulation. New worlds arise, bringing out universal eye-openers. Our [science-fiction] authors fall in with a long tradition [utopia]. But the genre, via obligated topics and conventions, do not for as much pressure one to diminish their capacity for renewal, and repetition does not curb their innovation.

In this thesis I analyze and problematize Francis Fukuyama's position on posthumanism, largely expressed in his 2002 book Our Posthuman Future. In it he warns against the likely negative outcome of a potential biotechnological revolution, which could enable easy access to interfering with human genome via practices such as genetic modification or human cloning. Fukuyama's major assumption is that all members of society must meet some limited standards of humanity in order to be equal, because if people acquire different levels of artificially altered "human natures," the outcome will be stratification, irrecuperable inequality and perhaps even class warfare. For this reason, Fukuyama calls for a pre-emptive regulation of genetic manipulation so as to avoid a "posthuman future." I contrast this theory with a selection of transhumanist and feminist theorists as well as with examples from fiction, namely the trilogy Lilith's Brood (1987-1989) by Octavia Butler and the novel Never Let Me Go (2005) by Kazuo Ishiguro. Drawing on these sources I conclude that Fukuyama's position is harmfully exclusionary and divisive; and also counter- productive in the sense that in his pursuit of securing freedom and equality he renders potential posthuman subjects fundamentally inferior, thus principally defeating his...

In the prison society of Circadia, the Jury doesn’t need chains or locks to keep citizens tame, only routine—but Valerie and Brennan break the routine. Valerie allows a hospital patient who hurt her in the past to die from cardiac arrest. Her twelve-year term will be reset if anyone finds out she didn’t try to save him; she’ll start over in the dangerous Twelfth Circle. With 455 days left in Circadia, she must lie not only to the authorities but also to her family. And she’s a terrible liar. Most conversations halt near Brennan, the Warden’s son, but even he catches the whispers after a police officer attempts to escape from Circadia. When Brennan learns that his mother and a Juror are rigging the officer’s public trial, they give him a choice: side with the Circadians and lose his safety, or side with the Jury and lose his self-respect. Structured in chapters that alternate between Valerie and Brennan, this novel—influenced by George Orwell, Suzanne Collins, and Michel Foucault—suggests that the best prison makes you comfortable. It makes you want to stay.

Ce mémoire propose une analyse de la dystopie féministe et mémorielle Les Sorcières de la République de Chloé Delaume, en s'intéressant particulièrement à l’illusion du média en direct que l'autrice y met en scène. Notre but sera de déterminer quel effet cette illusion peut produire dans le format statique d’un récit littéraire imprimé, ainsi que fut notre intention scripturale avec La Sociétose, court roman d’anticipation présenté dans ce mémoire. Seront entre autres convoqués dans la réalisation de ce projet, les philosophes Giorgio Agamben et Tzvetan Todorov, qui guideront notre réflexion, dans le premier cas, sur les intentions critiques de Chloé Delaume, puisque nous posons le postulat que le dispositif encadrant son récit mène à une dénonciation des institutions contemporaines, par la profanation, et que cette critique se veut forte grâce à un direct spectaculaire destiné à servir l'histoire. Dans un second volet réservé aux stratégies langagières, le critique Todorov nous fera voir comment l'enjeu de la parole magique pimente les tribulations croisées des personnages centraux. Notre projet créatif rejoint les Sorcières de Chloé Delaume à maints égards. La Sociétose raconte l'histoire d'une anthropolinguiste mondialement connue pour avoir créé un idiome inclusif, que le gouvernement nomme, sans raison apparente, en 2067, à la tête d'un organisme de haute instance destiné à éradiquer cette langue. Tout au long du récit, cette femme au cheminement contradictoire, fera l'objet d'une série d'émissions spéciales menées en direct dans le contexte de vifs débats linguistiques qui étouffent l'espace public alors que gronde la menace d'opérations subversives. Les deux récits au cœur de notre travail en recherche/création ont cours dans le futur, et à leur manière de « direct littéraire » mettent en scène des voix qui luttent contre leur effacement. / This project offers an analysis of the feminist and memorial dystopia Les Sorcières de la République, a novel by Chloé Delaume focusing on a live media broadcast staged by the author. Our goal will be to determine what effect this illusion can produce in the static format of a book, as was our scriptural intention with La Sociétose, a short anticipatory novel presented in this essay. Among others, the philosophers Giorgio Agamben and Tzvetan Todorov, will guide our reflection, in the first case, on what we supposed to be the critical intentions of Chloé Delaume, towards contemporary institutions, in a goal of denunciation by profanation. In a second section underlining language strategies, the Bulgarian critic Todorov will show us how magic speech intervene in the course of the central characters. Our creative project joins Les Sorcières of Chloé Delaume in many ways. La Sociétose tells the story of an anthropolinguist, Milénia Bernard, known worldwide for having created an inclusive language. For no apparent reason the government appoints Milénia, in 2067, to manage a high-level state organization intended to eradicate this language. Throughout the story, this contradictory character will be the subject of a series of special live programs in the context of fiery linguistic debates while a riot is to be prepared by fanatics. The two stories, La Sociétose an Les Sorcières complete each other in our research and creation work