L’ouverture d’une procédure collective est l’occasion d’un conflit entre protection de l’emploi et survie de l’entreprise. Assurer la pérennité de cette dernière ne peut souvent être réalisé qu’au prix d’une réduction de l’effectif. Ce constat alimente ce qui peut, de prime abord, apparaître quelque peu paradoxale : alors que l’un des objectifs du droit des entreprises en difficulté est d’assurer le maintien de l’emploi, certaines de ses dispositions tendent à accélérer le prononcé de licenciements pour motif économique. Si cette intrusion du droit des entreprises en difficulté, dans un domaine que d’aucuns considèrent comme réservé au droit du travail, peut donner lieu à controverses, elle a une explication : l’inadaptation du second aux contraintes auxquelles est soumise l’entreprise confrontée à une situation de crise susceptible d’emporter l’entité qu’elle frappe et, avec elle, tous les emplois dont elle est porteuse. Trouver les voies d’une conciliation, d’exigences jugées parfois contradictoires, s’impose : assurer la sauvegarde de l’entreprise est le meilleur moyen de préserver les emplois qui y sont attachés. / The opening of insolvency proceedings is the occasion of a conflict between employment protection and survival of the company. Ensuring the sustainability of the latter often needs to be achieved at the cost of workforce reduction. This finding raises an issue which may, prima facie, appear somewhat paradoxical: while one of the objectives of the companies in difficulty is to ensure employment preservation, certain provisions tend to accelerate the delivery of redundancies. If the intrusion of insolvency law in an area that some consider restricted to labor law, may give rise to controversy, it has an explanation: the unsuitability of the second’s constraints the company faces in a crisis situation could lead to the entity’s shut down, and consequently, all the jobs that it carries. Finding ways of conciliation, sometimes considered contradictory, is necessary: ensuring the company’s safeguard is the best way to preserve the jobs attached to it.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Elisa Fudaba Curcio Pereira.pdf: 811836 bytes, checksum: ca9450d3d91d947ae5793b42f1902b3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-18 / Taxation on "direct sales" activities by Social Security is an issue that has provoked debate among legal experts and policy makers. Given this, this master's thesis is the result of research focused on the environment of direct sales or mail order. More specifically on the way of functional relationship between sales representatives and companies from the perspective of the Brazilian System of Social Security. Based on the absence of employment contract, the legal relation between direct sales companies and representatives defines its conditions as independent vendors. This was the starting point of the problematic, since these individual vendors are not included in the constitutional social protection of Social Security. / A tributação sobre venda direta pela Previdência Social é um assunto que tem provocado debates entre juristas e formuladores de políticas públicas. Diante desta realidade, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho, a partir de uma pesquisa sobre o ambiente da venda direta ou venda por catálogo. Mais especificamente, quanto a forma de relação funcional entre os representantes de vendas e as empresas, sob a perspectiva do Sistema Brasileiro de Previdência Social. A relação das empresas de vendas diretas e dos representantes, juridicamente reconhecidos como vendedores ambulantes, profissionais autônomos, baseia-se na ausência de vínculo empregatício. Este foi o ponto de partida para a problematização, uma vez que estes vendedores autônomos, em sua maioria, não estão inseridos no arcabouço da proteção social constitucional da Previdência Social.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The statutory definition of the lock-out encompasses certain acts (inter alia termination of contracts of employment) which must be executed by the employer with a certain purpose. The Appellate Division has recently found that the employment relationship not necessarily terminates similarly to the common law contract of employment, but may subsist after termination of the contract of employment. The industrial court does not easily accept that it has been deprived of its unfair labour practice jurisdiction where terminations of employment take place in consequence of a lock-out. The motive of the employer seems to be decisive. In line with both the trend in first world countries and principles established by the courts in South Africa, the Constitution and especially recent labour legislation significantly curtail the bargaining power of the employer because it is progressively being believed that the employer has sufficient economic power to his disposal. / Die omskrywing van die uitsluiting in wetgewing omvat sekere handelinge {onder andere beeindiging van dienskontrakte) wat deur die werkgewer met 'n sekere doel verrig moet word. Die Appelhof het onlangs beslis dat die diensverhouding na beeindiging van die dienskontrak kan bly voortduur en nie noodwendig soos die gemeenregtelike dienskontrak ten einde loop nie. Die nywerheidshof aanvaar ook nie geredelik dat hy in geval van diensbeeindiging wat volg op 'n uitsluiting van sy onbillike arbeidspraktyk jurisdiksie ontneem is nie. Die motief van die werkgewer blyk hier deurslaggewend te wees. In lyn met sowel die ne1g1ng in eerstew~reldse lande, asook beginsels reeds deur die howe in Suid-Afrika gevestig, word die bedingingsmag van die werkgewer ingevolge die Grondwet en veral onlangse arbeidswetgewing betekenisvol ingekort omrede toenemend aanvaar word dat die werkgewer oor voldoende ekonomiese mag beskik. / Law / LL.M.

The diploma thesis describes the functioning of the State Labour Inspection Office, its structure and activities. Furthermore the thesis is focused on the control of labor relations and control of illegal employment. Describes the process of controls and its specifics. Also describes the most common deficiencies from years 2012 and 2013 and includes commentary with interpretation of the law.

The transfer of an undertaking/business in Czech and European Labour Law The aim of my thesis is to thoroughly analyse the regulation of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of undertakings or businesses in the perspective of Czech and European Labour Law. The reasons for choosing this topic are my genuine interest in Labour Law and the fact that this area of Labour Law is relatively overlooked by most authors in the Czech Republic. Aside from the general introduction and conclusion, this master thesis will consist of three main parts, each of them dealing with different aspects of the topic concerned. The introductory part defines basic terminology used in the thesis and describes my motivation for choosing this topic. The first part gives a brief historical overview of the development in this area of Labour Law both in European Law and Czech Law. The second part deals with transfers of undertakings/businesses within European Law, so the Council Directive No. 2001/23/EC and the respective case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union are mostly discussed there. Therefore, this part focuses on various aspects of this topic such as legal transfer, merger or identity of economic entity. Then, several methods of the transfer of undertaking/business within the sense of the directive...

La mobilité interne est un outil de GRH fréquemment proposé aux cadres des grandes entreprises en France. La mobilité interne est en effet associée, tant dans la littérature économique que gestionnaire, à de nombreux enjeux. En particulier, l’exploration théorique suggère, au travers de la théorie de l’apprentissage de Bateson, de l’approche par les motivations intrinsèques développée par Thomas et de la sociologie de la traduction, que la mobilité interne permet de développer et de diffuser le talent des collaborateurs au sein de l’entreprise. A partir d’une démarche qualitative, nous avons observé la mise en place de la mobilité interne au sein de trois grandes entreprises : la Société Générale, « Vénus » et EDF. La recherche montre que la mobilité interne se heurte à un certain nombre de freins qui en limitent la portée en termes de développement des talents. Dans des organisations en transition, la mobilité interne est l’objet de découplages et de logiques contradictoires qui la rendent ambiguë. Dans d’autres organisations, le nomadisme interne de carrière qui s’est développé, conformément au courant des carrières nomades, peut conduire à une perte de Sens chez les salariés et aboutir à un sentiment de mouvement brownien. Seule la mobilité chez Vénus développe l’ « agilité apprenante » des collaborateurs et leur motivation intrinsèque de Progrès, grâce à une philosophie managériale conférant le droit à l’erreur, mais au prix d’un investissement psychique important de la part des salariés. Ainsi, la mobilité interne apparait comme un outil de GRH séduisant, mais complexe quant à sa mise en oeuvre dans les organisations. L’analyse inter cas conduit à mettre en avant que la mobilité interne comporte en effet une forte dimension psychique et culturelle. De ce fait, elle a une signification beaucoup plus large et plus symbolique et reflète le teneur du lien entre le salarié et l’organisation. / Large French companies usually propose intra-organizational mobility to their employees. Intra-organizational mobility presents many relevant issues highlighted in the economic and managerial literature. In particular, theoretical frameworks, such as the learning theory of Bateson, the intrinsic motivation approach developed by Thomas and the sociology of translation, suggest that intra-organizational mobility can develop and spread employees’ talent through the organization. Through a qualitative research, we observed the implementation of intra-organizational mobility inside three large companies: Société Générale, Venus and EDF. The research finds difficulties that limit the impact of intra-organizational mobility in terms of talent development. For organizations in transition, intra-organizational mobility suffers from logical inconsistencies and disconnects that make its effects ambiguous. In other organizations, the boundaryless model of career development that applies inside the organization can lead employees to a lack of sense in career development and be compared to a Brownian motion. Only intra-organizational structure at Venus develops “learning agility” and an intrinsic motivation of Progress, thanks to a managerial philosophy that considers trial and error an intrinsic element of learning but at the cost of an important psychic involvement from individuals. Thus, intra-organizational mobility is an attractive tool for HR professionals but it is rather complex to implement in organizations. Inter case analysis shows that intra-organizational mobility actually includes strong psychological and cultural dimensions and reflects aspects of the employment relationship.

Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Employment Relationships Abstract This thesis analyzes the current state of legal protection of persons with disabilities in the Czech Republic. The aim of the work is not only passively interpret the existing statutes, but also propose some changes "de lege ferenda" that would lead to greater protection of the rights of persons with disabilities. The author does not attempt to provide a full-scale reasoning of the issue, but focuses on selected institutes of labor law and social security law in part, especially in the field of employment of persons with disabilities. The thesis is divided into seven chapters that logically follow each other and gradually reveal the specifics of protection of persons with disabilities in different parts of the legal system. The first chapter is devoted to the concept of "persons with disabilities", its historical development and comparison of the Czech legislation and international regulation. The second chapter concerns the fundamental rights of persons with disabilities in employment relations, protected by international treaties, constitutional and labor law. It also represents the institute of "employment relationship" and some specific duties on employers for employing people with disabilities. The third chapter analyzes the...

This dissertation, entitled "Invalid Termination of Employment, and Related Consequences", aims to provide a comprehensive look into the issue of invalid employment termination by giving notice, immediately terminating an employment, or the employer cancelling employment during a trial period, and of the related consequences. The dissertation is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter briefly characterizes employment as a special private relationship, and industrial conduct as a legal fact which results in establishing, altering, and terminating employment. Special attention is paid to the individual aspects of industrial conduct whose fulfilment is a prerequisite for perfect industrial conduct. The second chapter focuses on the consequences of faults in industrial conduct, intending mainly to alert the reader to the necessity of differentiating between seemingly legal conduct and invalid legal conduct. The second chapter then identifies and analyses reasons which cause a court to determine the invalidity of a notice, immediate employment termination, or employment cancellation during a trial period by the employer. The third chapter contains an analysis of consequences which may arise if a notice, immediate employment termination, or employment cancellation during a trial period by the...

L’expansion de l’organisation de la production des biens et services sous forme de réseau, découlant de la recherche de flexibilité face à une concurrence économique accrue, soulève des enjeux importants pour les relations industrielles. Notre thèse s’intéresse au processus de précarisation des emplois dans les segments externalisés des réseaux de production. Elle se base sur trois études de cas portant sur les réseaux de services publics et privés d’aide à domicile au Québec. Les études en droit critique ont montré que le droit du travail, fondé sur le modèle de l’entreprise intégrée et de la relation d’emploi bipartite, ne parvient pas à identifier comme employeurs certaines organisations dont l’action a pourtant un effet déterminant sur les conditions de travail dans les réseaux. Notre thèse visait donc à mettre en lumière la réalité empirique des relations de pouvoir qui traversent les réseaux et leurs effets et ce à partir d’un modèle analytique transdisciplinaire intégrant les dimensions juridiques et sociologiques. Les résultats nous amènent d’abord à constater que l’employeur juridique des travailleuses employées par les prestataires privés intégrés aux réseaux – une majorité de femmes – est le plus souvent une agence de location de personnel, une entreprise d’économie sociale ou même l’usager-ère des services d’aide à domicile. Cet employeur est rarement identifié aux organismes publics, donc sous l’égide de l’État, qui exercent un pouvoir prépondérant dans ces réseaux. Le décalage entre la régulation juridique du travail et la réalité empirique du pouvoir intra-réseau entraîne une précarisation de la protection sociale et des conditions de travail de ces travailleuses. Ainsi, la faible protection de leurs droits de représentation et de négociation collectives facilite l’imposition de la « disponibilité permanente juste-à-temps », combinant les logiques du lean et du travail domestique, ainsi qu’une déqualification sexuée et racialisée de leurs emplois par rapport à la situation dans le secteur public. Notre étude montre néanmoins que certaines pratiques innovatrices d’action collective réticulaire ont pu influencer la dynamique de pouvoir, en particulier celles portées par des associations locales de personnes handicapées recourant aux services et par un syndicat de travailleuses d’agence. / The increasing trend towards organizing the production of goods and services into networks as a result of the quest for flexibility in the face of fierce economic competition raises critical issues for industrial relations. Our thesis examines the precarization of jobs in the externalized segments of production networks. It is based on three case studies focusing on the networks of public and private homecare services in Quebec. Critical law studies have shown that labour law, based on the model of the integrated firm and the binary employment relationship, fails to identify as employers some organizations whose action nevertheless has a decisive impact on working conditions in these networks. Our thesis thus aimed to shed light on the empirical reality of the power relations prevailing throughout the networks and their effects, using an interdisciplinary analytical model that integrates the legal and sociological dimensions. Results indicate that the legal employer of workers – most of them women – employed by private service providers integrated into the networks is most often an employment agency, a social economy enterprise or the individual using the homecare services. This employer is rarely identified as being among the public organizations which, under the aegis of state, exercise predominant power over these networks. The gap between the legal regulation of labour and the empirical reality of intra-network power leads to a precarization of the social protection and working conditions of these women workers. Thus, the weak protection of their rights to collective representation and collective bargaining facilitates the imposition of “just-in-time permanent availability”, combining lean management logic with domestic work logic, and leads to a gendered and racialized deskilling of their jobs compared to the situation prevailing in the public sector. Our study nevertheless shows that some innovative practices involving reticular collective action – in particular practices implemented by local associations of disabled persons using the services and by a union of female agency workers – have had an influence on these power dynamics.

This thesis focuses on the rules governing the protection of workers in case of transfer of employer in the European Union law and in the Czech law. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the implementation of the Directive 2001/23/EC into the Czech legal order. The thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter briefly describes the origin and evolution of the European Union, EU institutions, competence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, sources of the European Union law and the principles governing the relationship between the EU law and national legal order. It also describes the main features of the employment relationship. The second chapter focuses on the legal rules governing the protection of workers in case of transfer of the employer at the European Union level. The first subchapter explains the historical development of the legislation, Directive 77/187/EEC and its amendment (Directive 98/50/EC). The second subchapter defines the personal, territorial and temporal scope of the Directive 2001/23/EC. The third subchapter focuses on the interpretation of the criteria of the subject-matter of the Directive 2001/23/EC conducted by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The fourth subchapter describes the pillars of the protection of employees in case of transfer of the...