Current world economy is impacted by the new and the old economy systems primarily due to high-tech software and hardware products that are constantly emerging to the market place. It has brought many innovations and high efficiencies to people¡¦s daily lives, e.g., the food, clothing, housing and transportation, etc. The influence of this evolution is potentially enormous and such evolution inspires people¡¦s confidence in the current Electronic Age. By reviewing the world¡¦s current economy, it appears that winner¡¦s economy system must rely on both the new and the old economy industries positively. In other words, the new economy has to be established on the foundation of stable traditional industries, and the old economy system must be improved and advanced with the help of the new technology. The basic reason is that the necessities of people¡¦s life are mostly supplied by the traditional industries from the old economy. As an island nation under the trend of the world¡¦s economy, Taiwan¡¦s new and old economy systems are required to be balanced in such a way that mutually one benefits the other. Because of this concern, the new government proposed a ¡§Green Silicon-Island Economical Development Project¡¨, and aggressively launched a ¡§Boosting Traditional Industry Plan¡¨ as well. By cultivating the traditional industries, the new economic technology can prosper accordingly. At this opportunistic juncture, Company A formulated a 5-year business plan to venture into a traditional industry: manufacturing of friction materials. The goal is to raise 4 million USD for starting up a production facility to manufacture and market a wide range of friction materials, in an effort to respond to the Government¡¦s call of boosting traditional industries. The main focuses of the proposed business are to build a solid manufacturing foundation on Taiwan, to market the products to the entire world, and to thrive the business to excellence with technology-based operation and management. The variety of friction materials is overwhelming. In terms of material composition, friction materials can be classified into the following four types: semi-metallic, sintered metallic, paper-based, and carbon fiber-based materials. This proposal explores key issues that are essential to the success of the production of all four types of friction materials. These key issues include: industry infrastructure, market size analysis, marketing strategies, operation networking, risk analysis, and core technical strength. Based on the above analysis, a 5-year financial planning is presented. Detailed analysis for the financial objectives on financial feasibility, cash flow, break-even point, and investment interests are also included. ¡K¡K¡K¡K¡K

The goal of this thesis is to complexly analyze the legal environment of enterpreneurship in Spain for foreigners. It is not only an informational thesis, but it also serves as a guide for anyone interested in this subject, thanks to the practical approach and advice given in it.

Final thesis is about business in Indonesia, describes Indonesian economy and gives tips for investors.

This thesis is a case study of the Schareholding brewery in Smíchov in the years 1918- 1948. It not only focuses upon its contribution to the business history in interwar Czechoslovakia, but also charts its transition from a successful joint-stock company with a full market economy to a mixed economic system with central planning. The development of the company is the development of the company is examined through the analysis of business strategy, looking at the approaches of the shareholders and management regarding investment, modernization, division of profits, lending tools and support sales. Attention is also paid to the business mentality of the company's management and its development at the time of the First Republic. The work also provides an insight into business in Czech society during the interwar period and is a contribution to the history of the Czech brewing industry.

The small and medium enterprises have been recognized as the main factor for the economic miracle in Taiwan. With fading ¡§dot com¡¨ companies and global economic depression, Taiwan academia, industry and government authorities have worked hard to propose numerous suggestions as well as policies, hopefully to build the competitive strength on the international trade market. High-tech industry is expected as the most significant part in the twenty-first century where knowledge and technology play the essential roles. Such industry also pertains high risks because of the fast changing technology. Hence, the innovation spirits of enterprises that continuously dedicate to technological R&D enable them to react the dynamic market efficiently. This study proposed several influent factors for enterprise performance. Three independent variables are enterpreneurship, technology strategy, and external network: the enterpreneurship includes innovativeness, risk taking, and proactiveness; the technology strategy refers to pioneering, internal R&D, external sources, patenting, and forecasting; in addition, the external network means the external linkages of the enterprise, such as consultants, alliances, association, financial institution, research institution, and government. Performance was measured by subjective perception containin sale growth, market share, ROI, and profitability. This study adopts questionnaires to collect data. Eight hundred and forty-four questionnaires were mailed to CEOs of Computer manufacture companies and IC manufacture companies in Taiwan. After one month, eighty-two responses were received. After statistic analysis, the results are: (1) those firms that stood for more than ten years or have more than 200 employees showed better performance; (2) several factors showed significant positive correlation with performance, including product innovativeness & risk taking in the entrepreneurship, pioneering & external sources in technology strategy, and research institution & government, alliances, and association in external network; (3) entrepreneurship, technology strategy, and external network were mutually positive correlated. Finally, based on the research findings, this study proposes conclusions and suggestions for managers or entrepreneurs in the directions of strategy planning and decision-making. Keywords¡GEnterpreneurship, Technology Strategy, External Network, Performance, High-tech Firms

Diploma thesis describe business plan - how to run a restaurant. It is focused on the sense of enterpreneurship and describes the structure of business plan, financial analysis of future company and psychological and philosophical aspects of modern ditet. The author deeply thaught about modern diet and try to describe future direction in Czech Republic and describe project of restaurant Stolovna "From farm to table" according to choosen strategy. The aim of this work is to make a guidebook for enterpreneurs, who wants to open their own restaurant or to change the current method of operation. The attention is focused on the new concept of restaurant "From farm to table" which begins to be very popular in Czech Republic. Author takes this thesis untraditionally and penetrated in secrets of business through foreign experience in London and through interviews with front gastronomical leaders in Czech Republic.

XXI amžius Europoje susijęs su dideliais pokyčiais, kurie labiausiai pastebimi ekonomikoje, socialiniame gyvenime. Naujausios technologijos keičia visuomenės socialinius santykius, požiūrį į verslą. Švietimo sistemai žiūrint tiek Europos, tiek ir Lietuvos lygiu kilo svarbus uždavinys - ugdyti jaunimą, suprantantį, kas yra verslas, efektyviai įsiliejantį į visuomeninį gyvenimą, ir gebantį savo įgūdžius ir žinias pritaikyti prie besikeičiančios ekonominės ir visuomeninės aplinkos. Jaunimo verslumo ugdymas tapo viena svarbiausių ugdymo krypčių šiandien. Darbe tirta problema apibrėžia keletą klausimų: •kaip mokytojai susipažinę su verslumo ugdymo samprata, verslumo ugdymui skirtų mokymo priemonių įvairove ir galimybėmis jas taikyti bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose; •kaip mokytojai verslumo ugdymui skirtas mokymo priemones praktiškai taiko gimnazijoje. Baigiamojo darbo tikslas- išanalizuoti verslumo ugdymui skirtų mokymo priemonių praktinį taikymą gimnazijoje. Tyrimo objektas– verslumo ugdymui skirtų mokymo priemonių taikymas gimnazijoje. Pagrindiniai baigiamojo darbo uždaviniai: atskleisti verslumo ir verslumo ugdymo sampratas; pagrįsti verslumo svarbą švietime; išnagrinėti verslumo ugdymui skirtas mokymo priemones ir jų praktinio taikymo švietimo įstaigose galimybes;išanalizuoti verslumo ugdymui skirtų mokymo priemonių taikymo gimnazijose ypatumus. Darbe taikyti metodai:mokslinės literatūros analizė; dokumentų, analizė; apklausa. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiama verslumo ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / 21st century ir relevant with a big change in Europe. These changes are most noticeable in ecomomy and social life. New technologies changes social relationship between members of community together with the approach to a bussiness. With the lapse of time the Lihuania and Globe system of education get an important task – to educate young people, who realises what is the business and these, who sufficiently joins to societal life and to apply its skills and knowledge to continously changing status of economy and society. Today youth entrepreneurship education has become one of the most important directions of development. The problem of the thesis defines some questions: •how teachers familiar with the concept of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship development training for a variety of instruments and to use them to secondary schools; •how teachers applies various methods of entrepreneurship education to gymnasiums. The aim of thesis is – to analyze the application of entrepreneurship education measures for the practical application of gymnasium. The object of the research - application of entrepreneurship education measures to gymnasiums. The main tasks of the thesis are: to reveal a conception of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education; to base the importance of entrepreneurship in education; to examine the teaching tools for entrepreneurship education and its possibilities to apply it to educational institutions; to analyze the application features of... [to full text]

This dissertation is about the incorporation of labor migrants from Turkey in the context of precarious U.S. labor markets. Labor market transitions and work experiences are two aspects of incorporation. This dissertation analyzes the process by which first-generation Turkish male immigrants arrive in the United States, enter low-wage jobs, and then shift to the trucking industry. This shift brings a significant upward mobility for them. This discussion explains how the socio-economic cleavages within the immigrant community both conform to and challenge the dynamics of immigrant-dominated sectors. Moreover, this study examines the work life of immigrant truckers through their conception of money, time, occupation, entrepreneurship, and labor. This dissertation addresses two sets of research questions: The first set analyzes the structural reasons of labor market transitions by looking at the limitations that immigrants face. The second set looks at the role of agent, examining the formation of family-based and community-based networks and resources. It asks the question of how migrants navigate the labor market by changing jobs and sectors as well as by forming businesses. The findings of this research draw from investigations spanning three years. The qualitative data is based on 24 in-depth interviews, as well as several hundred hours of participant observations among first-generation Turkish immigrants who work as truckers in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The present study contributes to sociological knowledge in general and specifically to three areas of the discipline. First, it enriches the limited literature on Turkish immigrants in the United States, as there is a dearth of research on their labor market incorporation in the trucking industry. Second, it contributes to the theoretical discussions on the entrepreneurship of first-generation immigrants by focusing on small and understudied immigrant communities. Third, this study extends the academic knowledge about the work experiences of immigrant truckers. It examines how the varying immigrant work experiences outcomes are influenced by employment status and the structure of trucking segments. Chapter 2 develops a conceptual framework regarding the labor transitions of immigrants focused on three dimensions: the migration policies of sending and receiving countries, the structure of labor markets in the receiving context, and the characteristics of the immigrant community. Chapter 3 details the methodology and methods used in this study. Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 encompass the empirical sections of this dissertation. Chapter 4 discusses the migration patterns of truckers by focusing on the importance of social networks. Chapter 5 explores the pre-trucking period during which Turkish immigrants work in dead-end jobs and prepare to become truckers. Chapter 6 examines the work life of truckers by revealing the processes of obtaining commercial driver's licenses (CDL), choosing the segment of the industry where they will work, and their search for and selection of trucking companies and loads. Chapter 7 scrutinizes the acts of entrepreneurship in which these migrants are engaged. Chapter 8 summarizes the empirical findings while engaging with the theoretical debates within sociology on the incorporation of migrants. First, the labor demands of U.S. capitalism attract immigrants to certain low-income jobs with little promise. After the early years of settlement, nonetheless, migrants are able to mobilize networks and resources to change this early labor-intensive occupational entrapment. Such a change provides income and status increases for the migrants. I term this new concentration “creative occupational entrapment,” which can (potentially) bring migrants some economic success via entrepreneurship. However, the accessed immigrant resources are constrained by the limitations of the dynamics within the trucking industry. The segmentation within the trucking sector is not something created by immigrants, as they only fill out the existing segments depending on their resources and ties. Second, the characteristics of a migrant community heavily shape the differentiation within the trucking industry in terms of an individual’s sector segment and employment status. The way in which immigrants mobilize ties are affected by three dynamics: hometown background, class-based dispositions, and family-based resources. I define three segments of trucking in this study: (1) national tractor-trailer trucking, (2) regional tractor-trailer trucking, and (3) local dump trucking. National tractor-trailer trucking attracts a variety of immigrants who tend to leave this “tough” segment after a brief while due to opportunities in the other segments. Immigrants of relatively higher education levels from urban backgrounds are more likely to work in the “cool” regional tractor-trailer throughout New Jersey and Pennsylvania. These individuals have loose ties to the immigrant community and have no tight-knit community ties. Conversely, immigrants of relatively lower education levels from rural background tend to concentrate in “dirty” dump trucking in specific counties of New Jersey. They have closer ties with the immigrant community and strict ties with their tight-knit community. Within each segment, new differentiations based on employment status are formed. Through the course of this research, five categories of immigrants were identified. Such categories depend on an individual’s employment status and the number of trucks they have: pre-trucking migrant workers have nothing to sell but labor (Employment 1), company truckers (Employment 2), survivalist truckers with one truck (Employment 3), family truckers with two trucks (Employment 4), and boss truckers who have more than three trucks (Employment 5). For the regional tractor-trailer segment, having class-based dispositions (such as English proficiency and the familiarity with the economic system) enables for the transitions from Employment 2 to Employment 3. Those who have family resources are more likely to increase their position from Employment 3 to Employment 4 and 5. For the local dump trucking segment, having tight-knit community ties and resources is usually enough to jump from Employment 2 to Employment 3. Thus, class-based dispositions are not strictly required given their tight-knit community resources. Those who have family-based resources have additional likelihood to increase their position from Employment 2 to Employment 4 and Employment 5. While individual-based resources are important to be self-employed due to the lack of community resources in regional tractor-trailer trucking, an individual’s tight-knit community helps truckers in local dump trucking to be self-employed. In both segments, family-based resources are key to becoming employers. The use of labor characterizes the labor market experiences of immigrants. For my participants, such a process begins with taking commands from employers, and ends with giving commands to their own employees. Labor matters when immigrants are exploited in non-trucking as well as trucking businesses. It also matters when they exploit themselves and family members in individual or family-based trucking businesses respectively. Only those who have several trucks are exempted from getting exploited. Although entrepreneurship might be economically beneficial for some, success is not always guaranteed in the long-term. Moreover, entrepreneurship potentially brings destructive competition, long hours of work and the intensive use of family labor. / Sociology

Knowledge-based businesses (KBBs) have the potential to make a significant contribution to peripheral regions with marginal economies, such as Newfoundland and Labrador. However, traditional lending approaches generally emphasize tangible collateral and historical performance. As a result, new knowledge-based firms, whose assets are primarily intangible, experience difficulty with access to financing. Financial institutions have responded by implementing specialized approaches to address the needs of KBBs. This exploratory study is designed to increase our understanding of institutional lending to KBBs, particularly at the start-up stage. Following a review of the literature a research framework was developed to explore the demand-side perspectives of entrepreneurs and the supply-side perspectives of lending institutions. A mail survey to entrepreneurs was employed to determine the roles played by chartered banks and government agencies in financing KBBs and to ascertain entrepreneurs' perceptions of financial institutions. Results indicate KBBs experience greater difficulty obtaining financing from chartered banks. Further, KBBs perceive banks to follow traditional risk assessment processes, emphasizing collateral. Findings suggest efforts by banks to cater to KBBs have been less than successful. Supply-side data were obtained from interviews with senior managers in banks and government agencies and from business plan reviews and follow-up interviews with account managers. Simultaneous verbal protocols were used to examine risk assessment processes in six banks and four government agencies. Hypothetical business proposals were presented to account mangers for initial review and subsequent due diligence. Data obtained at two stages of assessment were analyzed using consensus analysis, multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and standard multivariate techniques. Findings confirm chartered banks have establishcd specialized approaches to deal with KBBs. However, there is no evidence to indicate any differential effects on KBBs as a result of identified organizational variables. There is evidence among specialized account managers of differences in risk assessment of KBBs and of a common lending culture that reflects the needs of KBBs. Evidence of a common lending culture is also evident among traditional bankers and among government agencies that share an economic development mandate. Findings also confirm chartered banks are more concerned with financial aspects of the proposed ventures and perceived higher levels of risk than government account managers. Overall, findings provide important insights into institutional lending and have significant implications for theory, management practice and public policy. This study is one of very few to explore lending and borrowing from the perspective of KBBs and from the perspective of government agencies. Study validity is enhanced considerably by reviewing lending decisions in context and with reference to specific proposals. The use of cultural consensus theory to examine loan evaluation and risk assessment represents a significant contribution to understanding theory on lending to KBBs. Lending practices of chartered banks, while evolving to meet the needs of KBBs, have not met expectations and may need to be reexamined. Entrepreneurs in KBBs are advised to seek out KBB specialists to enhance the likelihood of obtaining financing. Government should take steps to ensure expertise is available to deal with KBBs and to encourage financial institutions, especially banks, to extend efforts to provide specialized assistance to the KBB sector. Finally, additional research is needed to confirm findings from this study and to increase their generalizability.

ABSTRACT Human capital comprises not only man power but also brain power which implies people¡¦s intelligence, potentiality, intellect¡K.etc. Nowadays the world has been getting into the new era of knowledge economy; and the competency of brain power instead of financial capital, land, facility/equipment becomes the core element of competition among enterprises. In this context, human capital in organizations is considered as the valuable assets, which are critically influential and significant. Organizations aiming at best performance admit the vital importance of the innovation and make every endeavor to maintain their competitive strengths and advantages by means of innovative management to achieve the goal of organizational innovations. The thesis focuses on the correlation between human capital and organizational innovation, in conjunction with organizational characteristics and industrial environment which might interfere with the correlation. After empirical study & statistical analysis, the thesis reveals as following: I. Five dimensions of human capital in organizations--- 1. Top management¡¦s knowledgeable & visionary leadership; 2. Employees¡¦ enterpreneurship & innovativeness; 3. Rejuvenesce of human capital; 4. Upgrading of human capital; 5. Deposit of human capital II. Differenciation analysis on the five dimensions of human capital by organizational characteristics--- 1. The organizations in various industries indicate slightly obvious differentiation in the upgrading degrees of human capital; in comparison, the organizations in service industry invest more in employees¡¦ training & cultivation than those in manufacturing industry. 2. The organizations with bigger capital amounts obviously put much more emphasis on rejuvenesce as well as deposit of human capital. 3. The organizations in the maturity period of life cycle comparatively concentrate much more of their attention on deposit of human capital; whereas those in the growing period of life cycle emphasize much more on upgrading human capital. 4. Over-20-years-old organizations lay much more emphasis on deposit of human capital than those at the ages less than 15 years. III. Human capital¡¦s direct influence on organizational innovation--- Top management¡¦s knowledgeable & visionary leadership exerts obviously positive effect on the innovation of management as well as technique. IV. The interaction of organizational characteristics and human capital has obviously positive effect on the organizational innovation--- 1. The interaction of the ages of the organization and rejuvenesce of human capital has obviously positive effect on the innovation of management. 2. The interaction of the capital amount of the organization and top management¡¦s knowledgeable & visionary leadership has obviously positive effect on the innovation of management. Key words: human capital, organizational innovation, top management¡¦s knowledgeable & visionary leadership, employees¡¦ enterpreneurship & innovativeness, rejuvenesce of human capital, upgrading of human capital, deposit of human capital