In the 20th century, Critical Theory has been very influential on every discipline of social sciences including international relations. According to Critical IR Theory, traditional theories are problem solving and try to explain repetition and recurrence, rather than change / however, the main subject matter of an IR theory should be the change itself. The idea of change is also constitutive of Habermasian political thought. J&uuml / rgen Habermas, as a critical theorist, has developed the model of Deliberative Democracy to provoke a change in the political life of the Western countries towards a more ethical politics. According to Habermas, such a change will eliminate the legitimacy crisis occurred in Western democracies. Therefore, Habermas aims at strengthening the moral basis of democratic understanding in order to make masses participate actively in decision making processes. According to him, rational consensus must be at the centre of democracy, and it can be reached, only if every part of the deliberation has the opportunity to express their arguments equally. Once the idea of rational consensus becomes a regulative rule of democracy, it is possible to change the nature of politics, including international politics

[pt] Diante de tantos problemas típicos da sociedade hodierna como a desigualdade social, o desemprego, a violência, a pobreza e a miséria, entre outros, como estabelecer normas que busquem um melhor desenvolvimento humano com condições dignas de vida?! Habermas aponta um caminho que é o do primado da intersubjetividade que requer o abandono do ponto de vista privilegiado da consciência e da relação sujeito-objeto; é o abandono do modelo monológico em favor de um modelo comunicativo da razão. Este estudo, pois, pretende discutir as questões habermasianas que conduzem a uma proposta de Democracia cujo discurso apresenta-se como base para o entendimento das relações jurídicas. Jürgen Habermas desenvolve uma nova proposta ética cuja base encontra-se no próprio discurso e na comunicação entre os sujeitos realmente dispostos ao diálogo e ao consenso: é o discurso como possibilidade de fundamentação e legitimação do Direito. / [en] In face of so many typical problems of our present society such as social inequality, unemployment, violence, poverty and misery, like others, how can we establish rules that look for a better human development with deserving conditions of life?! Habermas points out a way that is the excellence of intersubjectivity and it requires the abandonment of the outstanding point of view of the conscience and of the subject-object relationship; it is the abandonment of the monologic pattern on behalf of a commucicative pattern of reason. This study, in fact, intends to discurs Habermas questions that lead to a Democracy proposal. Its speech presents itself as the basis for the comprehension of juridical relationships. Jürgen Habermas develops a new ethics proposal which basis is in speech and communication between the subjects really inclined towords dialogue and agreement. It is the speech as a possibility of fundamentation and legitimation of Law.

La thématique de recherche est d’analyser les tenants et les aboutissants du mythe moderne de santé parfaite via les démarches socio-anthropologique, philosophique et théologico-religieuse, afin de saisir sa problématique éthique. Examiner les transformations des pratiques thérapeutiques a demandé de retranscrire d’abord, sous un mode théorique, les principes qui sont aux fondements de l’exigence sanitaire pour étudier ensuite des expériences ad hoc. Aussi, supposé incarner cette idéologie, le dépistage systématique néonatal de la mucoviscidose relié aux centres de suivi génétique a été la base empirique d’un questionnement éthique spécifique, comme la responsabilité de l’homme face à la vulnérabilité et à la finitude humaine. Orientée par une éthique de la parole suggérant la création d’espaces de réflexion d’où émane une pensée créative, le concept de rite de passage - doté de sa dynamique d’accompagnement - apporte des indications sur la fonction d’une éthique du soin déterminée. / The topic of research is to analyze the ins and outs of modern myth of perfect health through socio-anthropological approaches, philosophical and theological-religious to grasp its ethical problems. Examining changes in treatment practices needed to transcribe first, from a theoretical mode, the principles are the foundations of sanitary requirement then consider ad hoc experiments. Also supposed to embody this ideology, systematic neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis related centers of genetic monitoring was the empirical basis for an ethical questioning sui generis, as the responsibility of the man facing the vulnerability and human finitude. Guided by an ethic of speech suggesting ultimately creating spaces for reflection where creative thinking follows the concept of “rite of passage" - with its accompanying dynamics - provides indications on reality based an ethic of care determined.

[pt] A interação contínua entre dispositivos inteligentes, sensores e pessoas aponta para o número crescente de dados que estão sendo produzidos, armazenados e processados, alterando, sob diversos aspectos e de forma crescente, nosso cotidiano. Por um lado, o contexto de hiperconectividade pode trazer benefícios econômicos ao Estado, a empresas, bem como comodidade aos consumidores. Por outro, a crescente conectividade traz desafios significativos nas esferas de proteção da privacidade e à ética contemporânea, impactando, em última instância, a própria democracia. Este trabalho aborda, principalmente sob o ponto de vista regulatório, alguns destes desafios enfrentados pelo atual Estado de direito decorrentes do avanço do cenário denominado de Internet das Coisas. / [en] The continuous interaction between intelligent devices, sensors and people points to the increasing number of data being produced, stored and processed, changing, in various aspects and increasingly, our daily life. On one hand, the context of hyperconnectivity can bring economic benefits to the State, companies, as well as convenience to consumers. On the other hand, increasing connectivity brings significant challenges in the spheres of privacy protection and contemporary ethics, impacting, ultimately, democracy itself. This thesis addresses, from the regulatory point of view, some of these challenges faced by the current rule of law arising from the advance of the scenario called Internet of Things.