Thesis (M. Div.)--Multnomah Biblical Seminary, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-86).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160).

Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of California, Irvine, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-89). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Abstract The doctoral thesis deals with such Christian sense of community in which a believer participates in the services or other activities of several Christian communities, con¬ceives the community of Christians as something larger than the institutionalized church or religious community, or argues matters within the domain of religion with statemenst that belong to non-religious discourse. I will use the term Inter-Christianity of these activities. The primary survey area is Finland. However, I will contextualize the observations concerning Finland against changes in Christianity especially in Germany, the United States of America and also by a few examples, elsewhere in the world. In this manner, I will put the observations concerning Finland in proportion with the supranational nature of Christianity. I will review the change in the sense of community and identification of Christianity with the help of theories involving postmodernism, narrative research and symbolic anthropology. Twenty-three informants took part in the research. The research materials consists of 24 interviews, 14 discussions, 51 feedback discussions, 47 field work events and 49 written descriptions, Internet discussions and television programs involved with the topic. As the study is a mix of reflexive, interpretative and empirical methods, it is postmodern religious anthropology. Due to influence of ecumenical discussion, joint Christian gatherings and ecumenical services have increased in all countries reviewed. The increase of joint activities of different churches and the spread of awakening evangelical Christianity together with the postmodern culture that empahizes individuality have confirmed the perception of people involved in the Inter-Christianity on the justification of participation in multiple communities and the home gathering activities that oppose the institutionalized power of churches. Postevangelical movements and reform groups are common in Germany and the United States of America. Instead, home gathering activities and individual crossing of boundaries are common in Finland. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus käsittelee sellaista kristillisen yhteisöllisyyden tapaa, jossa uskova osallistuu monien uskonyhteisöjen jumalanpalveluksiin tai muuhun toimintaan, käsittää kristittyjen yhteisön institutionaalista kirkkoa tai uskonyhteisöä laajemmaksi kokonaisuudeksi tai perustelee uskoon liittyviä asioita muuhun kuin uskonnolliseen diskurssiin kuuluvilla lausumilla. Nimitän tällaista toimintaa poikkikristillisyydeksi. Ensisijainen tarkastelukohteeni on Suomi, mutta kontekstualisoin Suomea koskevia havaintoja kristillisyyden muutoksiin Saksassa ja Yhdysvalloissa sekä muutaman esimerkin avulla muualla maailmassa. Suhteutan näin Suomea koskevat havainnot kristillisyyden ylikansalliseen luonteeseen. Tarkastelen kristillisen yhteisöllisyyden ja identifioitumisen muutosta postmodernia käsittelevien teorioiden, narratiivitutkimuksen ja symbolisen antropologian avulla. Tutkimukseen osallistui 23 informanttia. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 24 haastattelusta, 14 keskustelusta, 51 palautekeskustelusta, 47 kenttätyötapahtumasta ja 49 aihetta käsitelleestä kirjallisesta kuvauksesta, Internet-keskustelusta ja televisio-ohjelmasta. Refleksiivistä, tulkinnallista ja kokemuksellista menetelmää sekoittavana tutkimus on postmodernia uskontotutkimusta. Ekumeenisen keskustelun vaikutuksesta yhteiskristilliset kokoontumiset ja ekumeeniset jumalanpalvelukset ovat lisääntyneet kaikissa tarkastelumaissa. Kirkkokuntien yhteisen toiminnan lisääntyminen ja evankelikaalisen herätyskristillisyyden leviäminen yhdessä yksilöä korostavan postmodernin kulttuurin kanssa ovat vahvistaneet poikkikristillisesti toimivien käsitystä kirkkojen institutionaalista valtaa vastustavan kotikokoustoiminnan ja monissa yhteisöissä käymisen oikeutuksesta. Postevankelikaaliset liikkeet ja reformiryhmät ovat yleisiä Saksassa ja Yhdysvalloissa, kun taas kotikokoustoiminta ja yksilöllinen rajanylitys ovat yleisiä Suomessa.

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Although the number of rapes in South Africa is increasing, there are limited resources to which women can turn in their time of need. This is especially true with regard to spousal rape. The lack of supportive interventions exacerbates the posttraumatic stress women experience due to rape. In order to address this concern, this research seeks to identify and evaluate, by means of questionnaires, various therapy methods which are utilised by pastoral counsellors as well as secular service providers within South Africa. Both Christian women and women who are not affiliated with the Christian religion who have in some way sought assistance from the church and who have experienced spousal rape related posttraumatic stress are interviewed and the results are utilized to propose an alternative approach to pastoral counselling with persons who suffer from rape-related posttraumatic stress. Gender sensitivity is crucial to this approach. This thesis consists of seven chapters. In Chapter 1, Spousal Rape – a challenge for pastoral counselling, explains the motivation for the thesis and gives the research framework. Chapter 2 explores the phenomenon of rape, considering stranger, acquaintance, and spousal rapes. Chapter 3 develops the phenomenon of traumatic stress, particularly as it relates to spousal rape, and Chapter 4 covers the questionnaires returned, and interviews of spousal rape victims. The relevance of spirituality is covered in Chapter 5, and in Chapter 6, a counselling model is proposed with regard to the counselling of spousal rape victims. Chapter 7 deals with the transformation and emotional healing of these victims. There are ten appendixes connected, some containing information, consent and interview questionnaires used with the participants and the remainder contain information such as the Sexual Offences Bill, and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria as they relate to this thesis. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

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