On the assumption that the translation strategies used to translate American fast-food advertisements into Arabic cause the Arabic translations to be culturally bound to their originals, the aim of the present study is to identify such translation strategies. The study was conducted with the aid of questionnaires as a primary research method to obtain data which are then complemented by means of textual analyses of the corpus. The findings reveal that the main translation strategies used to translate phrases in fast-food advertisements from English into Arabic are borrowing and transliteration. The overall finding is that inadequate translations of culture-specific concepts, phrases, logos and terms produce target texts which are bound to the source texts. This causes the translations to be rejected by the target culture. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics)

<p>Our increasingly globalized world has contributed to that more Swedish companies has expanded their business to more distant areas. One of these Swedish companies that now stands before their first international expansion is the Swedish fast-food chain Max AB. Max has chosen to start their expansion in Saudi Arabia, a country far away from Sweden, not only in terms of geographical distance but also in cultural. The cultural differences that Max will encounter may affect the business and result in to various adaptations that must be done in order to establish successfully. The thesis investigates the existing circumstances for the fastfood business in Saudi Arabia and shows which adaptations international fast-food chains should or must do as a result of the cultural distances they encounter. Subsequently there will be an exposition of which adaptations Max will accomplish in their concept with their establishment in Saudi Arabia. The investigation method that has been used is qualitative interviews. The interviews were with Max’ franchise manager and former marketing director for McDonald’s in the Middle Eastern region. The outcome of our investigation shows clear cultural differences and that fast-food chains have to conduct themselves and adapt to these differences in order to establish successfully.</p><p>Key words: Fast-food business, Max AB, McDonald’s, Saudi Arabia, psychic distance, culture, adaptations</p> / <p>Vår allt mer globaliserade värld har medfört att alltfler svenska företag internationaliserar sin verksamhet till mer avlägsna områden. Ett av dessa svenska företag som nu står inför sin första utlandsexpansion är den svenska snabbmatskedjan Max AB. Max har valt att börja sin expansion i Saudiarabien, ett land långt ifrån Sverige, inte bara i termer av geografiskt avstånd utan även kulturellt avstånd. De kulturella skillnaderna som Max möter kan komma att påverka verksamheten och leda till att vissa anpassningar måste genomföras för en framgångsrik etablering. Uppsatsen undersöker det rådande förhållandet för snabbmatsbranschen i Saudiarabien och visar vilka anpassningar internationella snabbmatskedjor bör eller måste göra på grund av de kulturella skillnaderna de möter. Härefter följer en genomgång av vilka anpassningar Max kommer att göra i sitt koncept vid sin etablering i Saudiarabien. Den undersökningsmetod som har använts är kvalitativa intervjuer. En intervju med Max expansionschef samt tidigare marknadschef för McDonald’s i regionen mellanöstern har företagits. Resultatet från undersökningen visar på tydliga kulturella skillnader och att snabbmatskedjor måste förhålla sig och anpassa sig till dessa för genomförandet av en framgångsrik etablering.</p><p>Nyckelord: Snabbmatsbranschen, Max AB, McDonald’s, Saudiarabien, psychic distance, kultur, anpassningar</p>

Background: Over the past two decades, the media landscape has undergonesubstantial changes. Social media is increasingly replacing traditionalmedia, which has influenced the way of advertising. Social mediaplatforms enable a two-way communication between brands and itsconsumers. However, it remains a challenge for brands to create relevantand attractive content in order to market themselves and build strongrelationships with consumers on social media. Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate what should be taken into accountin order to generate a higher level of consumer engagement when brandspublish posts on social media. Method: This study is conducted with a quantitative research design. It employsa content analysis of brand posts by a selection of worldwide fast foodand beverage brands on the social media platform Instagram. Eightinternational brands are selected based on the size of their businessaround the world and the variation of their brand posts. A total of 287brand posts from the brands’ international accounts are collected andexamined in order to investigate what leads to higher levels of consumerengagement. Findings: The results of the study reveal that image posts lead to higher levels ofconsumer engagement compared to video posts. However, content type,emotions, source of content, presence of hashtags and posting time donot create significant differences in engagement levels.

Tjia Sau-wah, Susana. / Includes Chinese questionaire. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-83). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF EXHIBITS --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.vii / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Organization of the Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- China's Economic Development --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- China's Industries --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Effect of the Economic Development --- p.3 / Chapter l .3 --- Fast Food Industry In China --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Environmental Factors Contributing to the Growth of Fast Food Chains in China --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- High Consumption Power --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- High Population Growth Rate --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Changing Consumer Taste --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.4. --- Social Changes --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Keen Competition within the Hong Kong Fast Food Market --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Investment in China --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Overview of China Foreign Investment --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Doing Business in China --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- The Regional Policy of China --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- China's Tertiary Industry --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.5 --- China's Investment Prospects --- p.17 / Chapter II. --- RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND OBJECTIVES --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Research Interest --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Why Study Fast Food in China --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Why Shenzhen? --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- Purpose of the Study --- p.21 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Highlights of Consumer Behavioral Studies --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- Consumer Behavior --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Individual Differences --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Environmental Forces --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Psychological Processes --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Consumer Decision Making Process --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Problem Recognition --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Information Search --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Alternative Evaluation and Decision --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Post-Purchase Assessment --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- Consumer Behavior's Role in the Design of the Marketing Strategy --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Market Segmentation --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Product --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Pricing --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Promotion --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Distribution --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.32 / Chapter 3.5 --- Personal Influences --- p.32 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- The Concept of Group --- p.32 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Primary and Secondary Reference Groups --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Group Influences --- p.34 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Word-of-Mouth Influence --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Implications of Personal Influence --- p.35 / Chapter 3.6 --- Fast Food Operations --- p.36 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Origin of Fast Food --- p.36 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Considerations in Doing Fast Food Business --- p.36 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- The Definition of Fast Food --- p.37 / Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Before Starting the Secondary Data Search --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Secondary Data Search --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Primary Data Collection --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Field Observation --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Personal Interviews --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Questionnaire --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Sampling --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Method of Administration --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Data Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Data Presentation --- p.46 / Chapter V. --- FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS --- p.47 / Chapter 5.1 --- General Purchase and Consumption Patterns --- p.47 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Definition of Fast Food --- p.47 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Brand awareness --- p.48 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Type of Fast Food Available --- p.48 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Frequency of Visits --- p.49 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Time of Consumption and Purchase --- p.49 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Consumer Expenditure on Fast Food --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1.7 --- The Advertising Strategy --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1.8 --- Channels of Communication --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1.9 --- Ideal Location for Fast Food Shops --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1.10 --- Companions in Visiting Fast Food Shops --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- Cross-Tabulation Analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Style of Food Choice --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Frequency of Visits --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Expenditures on Fast Food --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Influence on Visits --- p.61 / Chapter 5.3 --- Marketing Mix Influencing Buying Decisions --- p.62 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Motivating Factors Influencing Buying Decisions --- p.62 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Impact of Promotional Activities --- p.63 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Impact of Location Aspects --- p.64 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Impact of Product Attributes --- p.65 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Impact of Service Quality --- p.66 / Chapter VI. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.67 / Chapter 6.1 --- Target Markets for Fast Food --- p.67 / Chapter 6.2 --- Marketing Mix for Fast Food Operators --- p.68 / Chapter 6.3 --- The Recommended Marketing Mix --- p.69 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Product Strategy --- p.69 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Pricing Strategy --- p.71 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Place (Location) Strategy --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Promotional Strategy --- p.74 / Chapter 6.4 --- Concluding Comments --- p.76 / Chapter VII. --- LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY --- p.78 / Chapter 7.1 --- Heterogeneous Population in China --- p.78 / Chapter 7.2 --- Time and Resource Constraints --- p.78 / Chapter 7.3 --- Sampling Method --- p.79 / Chapter 7.4 --- Small Sample Size --- p.79 / Chapter 7.5 --- Seasonal Factor --- p.79 / Chapter 7.6 --- Response and Non-response Bias --- p.80 / Chapter 7.7 --- Reliability and Validity --- p.80 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.81 / APPENDICES --- p.84

by Tam Wing-Yi, Yung Nga-Lai Anna. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-90). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF CHARTS --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.v / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF CATERING INDUSTRY --- p.3 / Demographic Environment --- p.4 / Economic Environment --- p.5 / Social-cultural Environment --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- THE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT OF CATERING MARKET IN HONG KONG --- p.8 / Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry --- p.9 / Cafe de Coral --- p.9 / Fairwood Holdings --- p.10 / Maxim's Group --- p.11 / Local small individual fast food restaurants --- p.11 / McDonald's --- p.12 / Kentucky Fried Chicken --- p.13 / Delifrance --- p.13 / Threats of New entrance --- p.14 / Bargaining Power of Customers --- p.14 / Threats of Substitutes --- p.16 / Influence of Stakeholder --- p.17 / Comments from nutrition specialists --- p.18 / Government regulations --- p.18 / Environmentalists --- p.19 / Bargaining Power of Suppliers --- p.20 / Summary of the analysis on Industry Environment --- p.21 / Chapter IV. --- THE EXISTING CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGMENT IN FAST FOOD INDUSTRY --- p.23 / The current role of CRM in fast food industry in Hong Kong --- p.24 / Chapter V. --- CUSTOMER SURVEY --- p.27 / Positioning of fast food restaurants ranked by customers --- p.28 / Customers' consumption behaviours --- p.29 / Number of visits --- p.30 / Factors influencing the choice --- p.30 / Factors creating negative experience --- p.37 / Summary of results --- p.40 / Chapter VI. --- RECOMMENDATION ON IMPLEMENTING CRM IN FAST FOOD INDUSTRY --- p.41 / Consideration of Implementing CRM --- p.41 / Define the objective --- p.43 / Define the customer --- p.44 / Design of the CRM business model in the business operation --- p.45 / Implementation and Training --- p.47 / Data collecting from customers --- p.48 / Data Analysis for Branch Control --- p.50 / Data Transfer to Suppliers --- p.51 / Data Flow to Financials and Accounting --- p.51 / Data used by Sales and Marketing --- p.52 / Data Analysis for Procurement and Inventory Control --- p.52 / Staff Arrangement --- p.53 / "Measure Results, Maintain and Operate " --- p.53 / Chapter VII. --- THE IMPORTANCE OF CRM TO THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY --- p.55 / Winning in the Competition --- p.56 / Easy to define target customers --- p.58 / Retain Loyal Customers and Attract New Customers --- p.59 / Improve Customer Service --- p.60 / Improved marketing and cross-selling effectiveness --- p.60 / Improve brand / corporate image --- p.61 / Utilization of resources --- p.62 / Coordination with external parties --- p.63 / Facilitate of internal operation --- p.63 / Chapter VIII. --- THE REASON FOR LOW USAGE OF CRM IN THE INDUSTRY --- p.65 / Chapter IX. --- CONCLUSION --- p.68 / APPENDIXES --- p.69 / Appendix 1 Exhibit 1 ： The statistics of restaurant receipts & purchase for 2Q 2002 --- p.69 / Appendix 2 Exhibit 2： The movement of total restaurant receipts 2Q 2002 --- p.69 / Appendix 3 Exhibit 3: The GDP of Hong Kong from (2001 -2002) --- p.70 / Appendix 4 Exhibit 4： The Employment distribution --- p.70 / Appendix 5 Exhibit 5： The population structure in year 2001 --- p.70 / Appendix 6 Exhibit 6: The 5-Year Financial Summary of Cafe De Coral --- p.71 / Appendix 7 The English and Chinese version of the questionnaire --- p.73 / Appendix 8 Results of the survey： Part 1 --- p.79 / Appendix 9 Results of the survey： Part II --- p.80 / Appendix 10 Results of the survey： Part III --- p.85 / Appendix 11 Results of the survey： Implication --- p.87 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.88

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-03-18T12:44:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PaisagemLugarAmazonia.pdf: 11892118 bytes, checksum: 24de0f71a9d75f0b22c1030096d39712 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-06-04T13:34:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PaisagemLugarAmazonia.pdf: 11892118 bytes, checksum: 24de0f71a9d75f0b22c1030096d39712 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-04T13:34:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PaisagemLugarAmazonia.pdf: 11892118 bytes, checksum: 24de0f71a9d75f0b22c1030096d39712 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As empresas transnacionais e nacionais sob à luz do capitalismo, instaladas especialmente em bairros centrais da cidade de Belém-PA, estariam complementando a metrópole de equipamentos urbanos, com paisagens estandardizadas, introduzidos pelas empresas de fast food, engendrando cosmopolitismo concernentes a todas as grandes metrópoles brasileiras e mundiais, concomitantemente, trazendo inflexões sócio-urbana para os moradores e trabalhadores do circuito inferior da economia, residentes em bairros centrais, como a mudança de frações do espaço urbano, de valor de uso para valor de troca e, sobretudo, a provável transmutação destes lugares para não-lugares, a partir de uma nova apreensão destes citadinos com os recortes espaciais, reforçada pelas mudanças paisagísticas. Apontando, continuamente o capitalismo imanente à globalização como vetores de mudanças na morfologia espacial, e, consequentemente nas relações sócio-cuturais. / Transnational corporations and nationals in the light of capitalism, especially installed in the central districts of the city of Belém-PA, would complement the urban metropolis of equipment, with standardized landscapes introduced by fast food companies, generating cosmopolitanism concernetes all major Brazilian cities and world, or bringing negative effects to residents and workers in lower circuit resident economy in central districts, such as changes in urban space, use value for value exchange, and especially the probable transmutation of these places not to places, from an apprehension of these new urbanites with this space, enhanced by the changing landscape. Pointing capitalism continually immanent globalization as vectors of changes in morphology and consequently on the social-crops in space. / Les sociétés transnationales et leurs ressortissants dans la lumière du capitalisme, notamment installés dans les quartiers centraux de la ville de Belém-PA, viendrait en complément de la métropole urbaine de l'équipement, avec des paysages standardisés, mis en place par les entreprises de restauration rapide, de production de cosmopolitisme concernant toutes les grandes villes Brésil et dans le monde, en même temps, ce qui porte inflexions aux résidents socio-urbaines et les travailleurs dans l'économie circuit inférieur résident dans les quartiers centraux, comme le changement de fractions de l'espace urbain, la valeur d'usage pour la valeur d'échange, et en particulier la transmutation probable ces postes à des non-lieux, à partir d'une appréhension de ces nouveaux citadins avec les limites spatiales, exécutée par des changements du paysage. Pointage, le capitalisme sans cesse la mondialisation immanente comme vecteurs de changements dans la morphologie spatiale, et par conséquent dans le domaine social-Gourde.

Our increasingly globalized world has contributed to that more Swedish companies has expanded their business to more distant areas. One of these Swedish companies that now stands before their first international expansion is the Swedish fast-food chain Max AB. Max has chosen to start their expansion in Saudi Arabia, a country far away from Sweden, not only in terms of geographical distance but also in cultural. The cultural differences that Max will encounter may affect the business and result in to various adaptations that must be done in order to establish successfully. The thesis investigates the existing circumstances for the fastfood business in Saudi Arabia and shows which adaptations international fast-food chains should or must do as a result of the cultural distances they encounter. Subsequently there will be an exposition of which adaptations Max will accomplish in their concept with their establishment in Saudi Arabia. The investigation method that has been used is qualitative interviews. The interviews were with Max’ franchise manager and former marketing director for McDonald’s in the Middle Eastern region. The outcome of our investigation shows clear cultural differences and that fast-food chains have to conduct themselves and adapt to these differences in order to establish successfully. Key words: Fast-food business, Max AB, McDonald’s, Saudi Arabia, psychic distance, culture, adaptations / Vår allt mer globaliserade värld har medfört att alltfler svenska företag internationaliserar sin verksamhet till mer avlägsna områden. Ett av dessa svenska företag som nu står inför sin första utlandsexpansion är den svenska snabbmatskedjan Max AB. Max har valt att börja sin expansion i Saudiarabien, ett land långt ifrån Sverige, inte bara i termer av geografiskt avstånd utan även kulturellt avstånd. De kulturella skillnaderna som Max möter kan komma att påverka verksamheten och leda till att vissa anpassningar måste genomföras för en framgångsrik etablering. Uppsatsen undersöker det rådande förhållandet för snabbmatsbranschen i Saudiarabien och visar vilka anpassningar internationella snabbmatskedjor bör eller måste göra på grund av de kulturella skillnaderna de möter. Härefter följer en genomgång av vilka anpassningar Max kommer att göra i sitt koncept vid sin etablering i Saudiarabien. Den undersökningsmetod som har använts är kvalitativa intervjuer. En intervju med Max expansionschef samt tidigare marknadschef för McDonald’s i regionen mellanöstern har företagits. Resultatet från undersökningen visar på tydliga kulturella skillnader och att snabbmatskedjor måste förhålla sig och anpassa sig till dessa för genomförandet av en framgångsrik etablering. Nyckelord: Snabbmatsbranschen, Max AB, McDonald’s, Saudiarabien, psychic distance, kultur, anpassningar

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pardee Rand Graduate School, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed on June 13, 2008). This website links to the complete document in PDF format. Includes bibliographical references.

On the assumption that the translation strategies used to translate American fast-food advertisements into Arabic cause the Arabic translations to be culturally bound to their originals, the aim of the present study is to identify such translation strategies. The study was conducted with the aid of questionnaires as a primary research method to obtain data which are then complemented by means of textual analyses of the corpus. The findings reveal that the main translation strategies used to translate phrases in fast-food advertisements from English into Arabic are borrowing and transliteration. The overall finding is that inadequate translations of culture-specific concepts, phrases, logos and terms produce target texts which are bound to the source texts. This causes the translations to be rejected by the target culture. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

The quality and origin of food are topics that are currently widely discussed not only in Czech society, but worldwide. High-quality food andmeals, environmental protection, and especially the preservation of regional differences are the key ideas of a movement called Slow Food. The main idea of this movement is the perception of gastronomy as a phenomenon that supports a national and local autonomy, environmental protection, and diningculture. The concept of Slow Food also consists of thoughtful and responsible choice of food by consumersand the preparation ofhigh-quality meals at home as well as in restaurants. This thesis describes the history and basic ideas of the Slow Food organization and focuses on the current impact of this movement in the Czech Republic. The thesis describes the Slow Food movement's stances oncurrent topics of agricultural policies, such as the common agricultural policy of the European Union, biodiversity and genetically modified crops. The thesis also describesa methodology of evaluating a survey that was conducted by the author for the purposes of this thesis. The survey aimed to confirm or to refute concrete hypotheses that were related to the market and business potential of agricultural products, foods and meals that fulfill the requirementsof the Slow Food movementin the Czech Republic.At the same time this thesis also compares prices of Slow Food products with standard food distributed by the international retail chains.