This study examines the traits and characteristics of entrepreneurial leaders within the Kuwaiti context, by drawing from the different but related leadership and entrepreneurship theories. We first identified several areas where these fields theoretically converge with an emphasis on traits, styles and behavioural characteristics, which led to the emergence of a new leadership paradigm herein referred to as ‘entrepreneurial leadership’. Entrepreneurial leadership is conceptualised as a process of social influence, transformation, and empowering in rapidly changing and uncertain contexts. We operationalised the construct of entrepreneurial leadership by identifying the key traits and characteristics of Kuwait’s private sector leaders. These traits and characteristics included the leaders’ values and beliefs, vision, proactivity, creativity and innovation, opportunity-seeking and risk-taking. The study adopted a predominantly positivist ontology and objective epistemology in order to better understand the phenomenon under investigation (i.e. entrepreneurial leadership). This necessitated obtaining data largely from surveys of 345 leaders, mainly from the financial banking and investment sectors of Kuwait, complemented by qualitative data from 12 interviews. The study provides important insights into the concepts related to entrepreneurial leadership in a non-Western environment and enriches our knowledge in this sector of the management field. The research contributes to knowledge on leadership in Kuwait by conceptualizing a model of entrepreneurial leadership, which places emphasis on leaders’ traits and characteristics and how that relates with leadership effectiveness. The implications of the research relate closely to the way in which companies must be managed or led in a global and competitive environment.

O exercício do poder de tributar pela União, Estados-Membros, Municípios e o Distrito Federal, dentro dos limites das competências que lhes foram outorgadas pelo Legislador Constituinte Originário, pode implicar em distúrbios na concorrência. Assim, com fundamento nos princípios da livre iniciativa e da livre concorrência, partindo-se da análise da estrutura dos mercados e as distorções a eles inerentes, das formas de intervenção do Estado no domínio econômico, bem como em razão de expressa disposição constitucional no sentido de que o Estado deve manter uma posição de neutralidade tributária em relação à concorrência, conforme preconiza o artigo 146-A da Carta Magna, busca-se analisar alguns dos efeitos produzidos pela tributação, tais como os impactos da guerra fiscal entre estados da federação, as implicações das decisões judiciais em matéria tributária e questões relacionadas à imposição de deveres instrumentais (obrigações tributárias acessórias), sobre a concorrência. / Exercise of the taxing power by the Brazilian Federal, State and Local government levels, within the scope of their jurisdictions as granted by the Original Constitutional Legislature, may imply competitive disturbances. Therefore, based on the principles of free enterprise and free competition, and based on an analysis of market structures their inherent distortions; of forms of State intervention in the economic domain; and also as a result of an explicit constitutional provision in the sense that the State must maintain tax neutrality vis-à-vis competition, as per Article 146-A of the Brazilian Constitution; we analyze some of the effects of taxation, such as the impacts of interstate tax warfare, the implications of tax-related court decisions, and aspects associated with the imposition of instrumental duties (ancillary tax obligations) on competition.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 22, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-170).

The Law on the State Enterprise was the most radical reform effort in the history of the Soviet centrally-planned system; it was also contradictory in its formulation, adopted in isolation and a complete failure in implementation. Previous economic reform attempts had also failed, but had been followed by retreat. This time, however, it was not. This thesis analyses the policy and the policy process of the enterprise law as expectations of the potential of reform shifted to convictions that central planning was unreformable. This case-study uses a number of traditional and revisionist theories about the policy process to analyse policy-making in the conditions of uncertainty and ambiguity of perestroika. The chronic problems of the Soviet economy led to the generation of reformist alternatives which, with the close of the Brezhnev era, began to emerge in programmatic form. This alternative envisaged a simultaneous delegation of administrative decision-making authority to the level of the state enterprise and a redefinition of central powers. Enterprises were to finance their own activities, compile their own plans, engage in direct wholesale trading, and be governed by the labour collective in an economic environment manipulated by the centre through 'economic levers'. Reformist domination of the policy agenda was constrained by limited penetration of the decision-making structures. Mutually indifferent policy-subsystems located within the ministerial and planning agencies held jurisdiction over the activities of pre-reform state enterprises; dominated the drafting of specific legislation; and set adverse initial conditions of reform implementation. Unsuccessful implementation of reform both at the level of the state enterprise and that of administrative structures discredited the radical ideas on economic reform which had been gestating for thirty years. Failure both of the concrete policy and of the policy process contributed to the radicalisation of political and economic reform, while creating many new problems along the way.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bonn, 2006/2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 310-323).

FU, Diss., 2006--Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [255]-268) and index.

No description available.

O exercício do poder de tributar pela União, Estados-Membros, Municípios e o Distrito Federal, dentro dos limites das competências que lhes foram outorgadas pelo Legislador Constituinte Originário, pode implicar em distúrbios na concorrência. Assim, com fundamento nos princípios da livre iniciativa e da livre concorrência, partindo-se da análise da estrutura dos mercados e as distorções a eles inerentes, das formas de intervenção do Estado no domínio econômico, bem como em razão de expressa disposição constitucional no sentido de que o Estado deve manter uma posição de neutralidade tributária em relação à concorrência, conforme preconiza o artigo 146-A da Carta Magna, busca-se analisar alguns dos efeitos produzidos pela tributação, tais como os impactos da guerra fiscal entre estados da federação, as implicações das decisões judiciais em matéria tributária e questões relacionadas à imposição de deveres instrumentais (obrigações tributárias acessórias), sobre a concorrência. / Exercise of the taxing power by the Brazilian Federal, State and Local government levels, within the scope of their jurisdictions as granted by the Original Constitutional Legislature, may imply competitive disturbances. Therefore, based on the principles of free enterprise and free competition, and based on an analysis of market structures their inherent distortions; of forms of State intervention in the economic domain; and also as a result of an explicit constitutional provision in the sense that the State must maintain tax neutrality vis-à-vis competition, as per Article 146-A of the Brazilian Constitution; we analyze some of the effects of taxation, such as the impacts of interstate tax warfare, the implications of tax-related court decisions, and aspects associated with the imposition of instrumental duties (ancillary tax obligations) on competition.

Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document / Thesis (PhD (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

The Intshona Group of Companies operates in South Africa as a hybrid agribusiness combining entrepreneurial principles with a philosophy of social upliftment in Africa. This research views Intshona through the lens of social entrepreneurship theory, a hybrid research field with a dominant theme being the need for growth and scaling of impact, but which is seen as fragmented, containing ambiguities and lagging practice. In this research, a case study of Intshona is developed based on questionnaires and interviews with the organisation’s management, a concerned NGO, social beneficiaries as well as employees. The result is a two-way flow of knowledge integrating elements of existing social enterprise theory with Intshona’s business practices, building on a generic model of entrepreneurship and culminating in a business model for growth in a social enterprise. The research delivers strategic directives for Intshona for its future growth, presents a case study for addition to the body of knowledge on social entrepreneurship and concludes with suggestions for further research to continue developing theory.