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A Propositional Proof System with Permutation QuantifiersPaterson, Tim 02 1900 (has links)
<p> Propositional proof complexity is a field of theoretical computer science which concerns
itself with the lengths of formal proofs in various propositional proof systems. Frege systems are an important class of propositional proof systems. Extended Frege augments them by allowing the introduction of new variables to abbreviate formulas. Perhaps the largest open question in propositional proof complexity is whether or not Extended Frege is significantly more powerful that Frege. Several proof systems, each introducing new rules or syntax to Frege, have been developed in an attempt to shed some light on this problem.</p> <p> We introduce one such system, which we call H, which allows for the quantification of transpositions of propositional variables. We show that H is sound and complete, and that H's transposition quantifiers efficiently represent any permutation.</p> <p> The most important contribution is showing that a fragment of this proof system, H*1, is equivalent in power to Extended Frege. This is a complicated and rather technical result, and is achieved by showing that H*1 can efficiently prove translations of the first-order logical theory ∀PLA, a logical theory well suited for reasoning about linear algebra and properties of graphs.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) Read more
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[en] CONCEIVABILITY, POSSIBILITY AND LOGIC / [pt] CONCEPTIVIDADE, POSSIBILIDADE E LÓGICAOCTAVIO MOREIRA GUIMARAES LOPES 31 October 2005 (has links)
[pt] A Lógica é hoje em dia vista como uma ciência matemática
fundamentalmente ligada à faculdade do entendimento, e
pouco relacionada com
nossa capacidade de imaginar ou conceber. Desta forma, sob
a alcunha de
psicologismo, costuma-se descartar qualquer associação da
lógica à
conceptividade ou à imaginação como espúria e mal
colocada. Esta tese de
doutorado tem como objetivo mostrar que, contrariamente ao
que se costuma crer,
há na lógica, tomada como uma ciência, um inegável emprego
metodológico da
faculdade da conceptividade ou da imaginação. Para mostrar
isto, primeiramente
examinamos sobre bases autônomas o princípio da
conceptividade, segundo o
qual a proposição p é concebível se e semente se p é
possível. Investigamos as
principais posições contemporâneas contra e a favor deste
princípio e chegamos a
uma versão qualificada do princípio, que defendemos ser
livre de contraexemplos.
Terá sido mostrado, portanto, que, sob certas condições,
há uma
relação essencial entre conceitos modais aléticos
(possibilidade, necessidade,
contingência, impossibilidade) e nossa faculdade de
conceber ou imaginar: o que
é concebível é possível - ainda que nem sempre o que é
inconcebível seja
impossível. Em seguida, mostramos como o princípio da
conceptividade foi um
instrumento insubstituível, nas mãos dos grandes pioneiros
da lógica, em uma
tarefa muito bem delimitada: a codificação de novas
linguagens lógicas.
Defendemos, por conseguinte, que Aristóteles, quando
primeiramente codificou a
lógica de proposições categóricas, e Frege, quando
elaborou a lógica funcional e
quantificada, foram obrigados a recorrer à conceptividade
como parâmetro básico
para examinar a correção expressiva da linguagem que
estavam codificando e para
aferir a validade lógica de diversas proposições e
argumentos. Com vistas a tornar
claro o lugar da noção de conceptividade dentro da lógica,
examinamos a lógica e
a epistemologia de Aristóteles e, sobretudo, de Frege, nas
quais encontramos
elementos concretos que apontam para o emprego desta noção
dentro do contexto primitivo de codificação lógica a que
nos reportamos. Enfatizamos que, no
contexto em que estes autores se encontravam, não havia
opções epistemológicas
para examinar e avaliar sua lógica a não ser o recurso
princípio da conceptividade. / [en] Logic is seen today as a mathematical science
fundamentally linked to the faculty
of understanding, unrelated to our capacity of imagining
or conceiving. Under the
label psychologism, one usually considers any association
between logic and
conceivability (or imagination) as spurious and misled.
This doctoral thesis has as
its goal showing that, contrarily to what is ordinarily
thought, there is in logic,
understood as a science, an undeniable methodological
employment of the faculty
of conceivability or imagination. In order to show this,
we firstly examine the
conceivability principle (the proposition p is conceivable
if and only if p is
possible) on autonomous basis. We examine the main
contemporary positions
against and in favor of this principle and come to a
qualified version of the
principle, which we purport to be free of counterexamples;
it will have been
shown, therefore, that, under certain circumstances, there
is an essential relation
between modal concepts (possibility, necessity,
contingency, impossibility) and
our faculty of conceiving or imagining: whatever is
conceivable is possible - even
though it is not always true that whatever is
inconceivable is impossible.
Secondly, we show how the conceivability principle was an
irreplaceable tool in
the hands of the great pioneers of logic, in a very well
delimited task: codifying
new logical languages. Therefore, we hold that Aristotle,
as he firstly codified the
logic of categorical propositions, and Frege, as he
elaborated quantified functional
logic, were bound to employ conceivability as a basic
parameter so as to examine
the expressive correctness of the language they were
codifying and determine the
validity of various propositions and arguments. In order
to make clear the place of
conceivability in logic, we examine Aristotle´s Frege´s
logic and epistemology
and find concrete elements indicating the employment of
this notion in the
primitive context of logical codification we have
mentioned. We emphasize that,
in the context in which these authors were working, there
were no epistemological
options other than the resource to the conceivability
principle. Read more
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Uma avaliação da estrutura de tipos presente na terceira seção da begriffsschrift, à luz do cálculo lambda / An assessment of structure types present in the third section of Begriffsschrift in light of the lambda calculusCORREIA, Hiury Duarte 20 November 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-11-20 / Our dissertation s theme is the Idea that, buried in Frege s unfriendly Logical notation, one finds the notion of abstraction as a key ingredient of his Begriffsschrift. This runs contrary to the ordinary appraisal, such as the one found in Van Heijenoort s introduction to that article. It runs also contrary to Frege s refusal of the possibility of referring to unsaturated entities. Still, we argue that the notion seems to be part both of Frege s philosophical positions such as the idea of quantification as second order predication and of Frege s logical practices. / O tema da nossa dissertação é a idéia de que, por trás da idiossincrática notação lógica utilizada por Frege, podemos encontrar a noção de abstração como componente fundamental de sua Begriffsschrift. Tal posição vai contra a concepção ordinária, como, por exemplo, a que encontramos na introdução de Van Heijenoort àquela obra. Ela contraria, também, a rejeição de Frege à possibilidade de se referir a entidades insaturadas. Argumentamos que a noção de abstração aparece tanto como parte das posições filosóficas de Frege como, por exemplo, a idéia de que a quantificação é uma predicação de segunda ordem como, também, de sua prática lógica. Read more
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Les Grundgesetze der Arithmetik de Frege : idéographie : genèse, syntaxe, sémantique / Frege's Grundgesetze der Arithmetik : Ideography : Origin, Syntax, SemanticsCadet, Méven 21 June 2017 (has links)
Un important désaccord subsiste parmi les exégètes de Frege au sujet de la question suivante : quel rapport entretient l'universalisme logique de Frege avec la sémantique contemporaine ? Le premier constitue-t-il un obstacle à l'élaboration et/ou à l'exploitation de la seconde ? Face à cette interrogation deux camps s'affrontent. L'un dresse la liste considérable des passages des Grundgesetze dans lesquels Frege sembla se lancer dans de véritables raisonnements sémantiques. L'autre rétorque qu'il s'agissait à ses yeux de pures élucidations, bannies de jure de la sphère théorique. Notre objectif consiste à faire toute la lumière sur ce problème. Dans ce but, nous nous appliquons à combattre deux poncifs ancrés dans la littérature. Nous contestons (1) l'idée que Frege était toujours soucieux de signaler la moindre inflexion de sa pensée, et (2) la possibilité d'étudier ses positions philosophiques indépendamment de son symbolisme spécifique. Par conséquent, nous retraçons la genèse des idées qui ont conduit à l'élaboration de l'idéographie de 1893, avant de réaliser toutes les étapes de la construction de ce système. Ces résultats - attachés à notre rejet de (1) et (2) - jettent une lumière neuve sur le problème soulevé plus haut. Ils nous conduisent à adopter le positionnement radical selon lequel Frege faisait bel et bien droit à une sémantique dont il jeta les bases et qu'il tenta de mettre en action afin de démontrer certains théorèmes métalogiques. Nous tentons de formaliser proprement cette sémantique, puis de localiser précisément les erreurs dont il fut responsable. Cette tâche nous conduit ultimement à l'étude des célèbres §§ 29-31 des Grundgesetze. / There is still considerable disagreement among Frege's exegetes on how Frege's logical universalism relates to modem semantics; does the former obstruct the development and/or the use of the latter? Two sides exist on this issue. The first one quotes many sections of the Grundgesetze which seem to contain genuine semantic reasonings. The other one claims that Frege holds these sections to be strict elucidations excluded de jure from the realm of science. My aim is to shed light on this problem. For this purpose, I contest the following commonplaces: (1) that Frege was concerned with indicating the slightest change of his thoughts, and (2) that his philosophical theses can be studied regardless of his particular symbolism. l thus complete the two tasks of tracing back the origins of the underlying ideas in the Ideography of 1893 and of building up this very system step by step. My results, attached to my rejection of (1) and (2), shed a new light m the issue raised above. They lead us to the radical position that not only did Frege not reject semantics, but that he himself paved the way to such a semantic theory in order to prove metalogical theorems. I then try to formalize the former so as to locate his errors in the latter. This work eventually leads to a thorough study of the famous §§ 29-31 of the Grundgesetze. Read more
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A noção fregiana de objeto abstrato e a crítica ao psicologismo / The fregian notion of abstract object and the criticism to psychologismMAIONE, Vinícius Rodrigues 02 October 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-02 / The objective of this dissertation is to present Gottlob Frege s criticism of
psychologism in Mathematics and Logic. Our working hypothesis is that Frege s
criticism is based on his notion of an "abstract object". In order to investigate this
hypothesis we will contrast the pre and post paradox phases of Fregean s
philosophy. We will try to show that there is a continuity between these two periods,
and that this continuity depends on Frege s insistence in maintaining the notion of an
"abstract object", even if in a somewhat weakened version. Our dissertation will be
divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, we will make a brief characterization
of psychologism in order to circumscribe the exact focus of Frege s criticism. In the
second chapter we will discuss the notion of an "abstract object" in the pre-paradox
period of Frege s philosophy and its connection to Frege s main concern: that of
defining number upon a pure logical basis. Eventually, in the third chapter, we will
show how, even without a logically unassailable method of introducing logical
objects, due to Russell s paradox, the philosopher does not give up his main theses
concerning the nature of logic and mathematics. They are still grounded on the
notion of an "abstract object", even thought in a somewhat feebler form. / O objetivo dessa dissertação é expor a critica de Gottlob Frege ao
psicologismo na lógica e na matemática. Nossa hipótese de trabalho é a de que a
crítica de Frege está fundamentada na sua noção de ―objeto abstrato‖. Para
investigar essa hipótese, contrastaremos as fases pré e pós-paradoxo da filosofia
fregiana. Tentaremos mostrar que há uma continuidade entre esses dois períodos e
que essa continuidade se dá através da insistência, por parte de Frege, em manter
uma noção de ―o bjeto abstrato‖, mesmo que numa versão enfraquecida. Nossa
dissertação será dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, faremos uma
caracterização breve do psicologismo, com a finalidade de circunscrever o foco
exato das críticas de Frege. No segundo capítulo, discutiremos a noção de ―objeto
abstrato‖ na fase pré-paradoxo da filosofia fregiana e sua conexão com o que foi o
principal projeto filosófico de Frege: definir número em bases puramente lógicas.
Finalmente, no terceiro capítulo, mostraremos como, mesmo sem possuir um
método logicamente inatacável para introdução dos objetos lógicos em virtude do
paradoxo de Russell, o filósofo não abandona suas teses principais em relação à
natureza da lógica e da matemática. Essas teses continuarão baseadas na noção de
―objeto abstrato‖, embora em uma versão um tanto enfraquecida. Read more
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From a structural point of viewShipley, Jeremy Robert 01 July 2011 (has links)
In this thesis I argue forin re structuralism in the philosophy of mathematics. In the first chapters of the thesis I argue that there is a genuine epistemic access problem for Platonism, that the semantic challenge to nominalism may be met by paraphrase strategies, and that nominalizations of scientific theories have had adequate success to blunt the force of the indispensability argument for Platonism. In the second part of the thesis I discuss the development of logicism and structuralism as methodologies in the history of mathematics. The goal of this historical investigation is to lay the groundwork for distinguishing between the philosophical analysis of the content of mathematics and the analysis of the breadth and depth of results in mathematics. My central contention is that the notion of logical structure provides a context for the latter not the former. In turn, this contention leads to a rejection of ante rem structuralism in favor of in re structuralism. In the concluding part of the dissertation the philosophy of mathematical structures developed and defended in the preceding chapters is applied to the philosophy of science.
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Thoughts about Thoughts: The Structure of Fregean PropositionsBice, Nathan Michael January 2019 (has links)
This dissertation is about the structure of thought. Following Gottlob Frege, I define a thought as the sort of content relevant to determining whether an assertion is true or false. The historical component of the dissertation involves interpreting Frege’s actual views on the structure of thought. I argue that Frege did not think that a thought has a unique decomposition into its component senses, but rather the same thought can be decomposed into senses in a variety of distinct ways. I extend Frege’s position and use it to develop an account of the hierarchy of senses, the senses expressed by indexicals and demonstratives, and the distinction between logical and non-logical structure. I also discuss various connections with the nature of meta-representation, our capacity for reflective judgment, some aspects of the structure of conscious experience, the way we perceive regions of space and durations of time, and our conscious awareness of our own perceptions and events of thinking.
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Der Begriff der logischen Form in der analytischen Philosophie : Russell in Auseinandersetzung mit Frege, Meinong und Wittgenstein /Tatievskaya, Elena. January 1900 (has links)
Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift. / Bibliogr. p. 473-499.
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Two intensional theories of metaphorVicas, Astrid. January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
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Sense, reference and ontology in early analytic philosophy /Rosenkrantz, Max Langan, January 2000 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 322-330). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
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