The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the behavior of news jobholders managing the blog. There have been lots of researches for the motivation of writing blogs. Based upon past researches, this thesis adds the partial traditional dissemination theory idea to discuss the relation between criticalness of blog presentation and diversified blog topics from the gatekeeper pressure, challenging the point of view of the organization, communication, requirement from the company, and self-presents. The research is conducted by Questionnaire Survey and it is found that the communication, criticalness, and the subject multiplication in the blogs are significantly correlated. In the other hand, the requirement from the company and self-present are only related to diversified blog topics. As a result, the motivation and habit of news jobholders using blogs alter unceasingly. The future study can focus more on addressing this difference of evolving to realize how news jobholders in the traditional media work use new technical blogs.

The role of peer gatekeepers is crucial in connecting individuals at risk for suicide related behaviors to mental health service providers. However, limited research has focused on the role of peers as potential helpers for those at-risk. The current study utilized a mixed experimental and correlational design to examine predictors of female college students’ referral intentions following hypothetical interactions with peers at-risk for suicide related behavior. More specifically, the current project examined the utility of an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model of peer-referral intentions. In addition to the original TPB constructs of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control associated with referring a peer to a mental health professional, attitudes towards seeking professional help, perceived stigma associated with receiving professional psychological help, emotional competence, and symptom severity were incorporated into an extended TPB model. The sample included 284 female college students. Participants completed computer-based questionnaires both before and after the presentation of a theoretically and empirically informed vignette describing a peer who was characterized as low, moderate, or high risk for suicide related behavior. The results of this study suggest the utility of applying an extended TPB model to intentions to refer at-risk peers for mental health services. The final trimmed model, which included all of the aforementioned constructs except symptom severity, accounted for 78.9% of the variance in referral intentions. The findings indicate that, in particular, preventative interventions would likely benefit from emphasizing the role of attitudes towards receiving mental health services, attitudes towards peer referral, and subjective norms regarding peer referral, in order to maximize the role of peers as gatekeepers for college students in distress. Incorporating the findings from this study with findings from future research will hopefully lead to more informed, empirically-based interventions for enhancing peer referrals.

College student suicide is a significant concern on university campuses and suicide prevention has become a focus for outreach intervention. While college counseling centers appear effective in helping students who present for treatment, suicidal students also seem to underutilize professional help. Gatekeeper training programs have emerged to help colleges and universities tap into existing student social networks to encourage early intervention. Gatekeeper training is a type of suicide prevention intervention used to encourage members of the university community to identify, engage, and refer suicidal students to professional help. Resident Assistants are often a focus of such training as they exist in the living environment of students and may be more able to identify student distress than other staff. However, the potential for adverse mental health impact on those RAs we call upon to help is not well understood and no studies to date have examined the impact of suicide prevention training on their mental health. Using data from surveys administered in connection with the participation of Resident Assistants in Suicide Prevention Training at The University of Texas at Austin, this study explores the mental health impact on RAs associated with their serving as gatekeepers. Multiple regression analyses were used to study the impact of intervention load, perceived role responsibility, the acquisition of suicide prevention content knowledge and perceived competency to perform the duties of a gatekeeper, and support-seeking behavior on the stress and distress of RAs over the course of a semester. Results suggest that RAs appear resilient to situational stress experienced with resident mental health interventions. RAs also appear to have considerable prior, personal experience with suicidal thinking and others who are suicidal. Additionally, they generally report not seeking support as often as they could, yet also increasingly turn to their co-workers in residence life for support. A repeated measures ANOVA analysis found that over the course of the semester RAs reported an increased threshold for engaging in interventions with residents and for seeking support for themselves. Implications for gatekeeper training and future research are discussed. / text

Examensarbetet berör den bild som Dagens Nyheter publicerade den 21 juni 2006 gällande Komvux och om skolan som en elitenhet. Åsikten är att unga med fullvärdiga betyg vandrar från gymnasium till Komvux, i uppsåt att höja betygen. På så sätt hoppas de att bli antagna till de mer attraktiva utbildningarna såsom jurist kandidatutbildning och läkarutbildning. För att verifiera eller dementera våra frågeställningar, har vi analyserat texter både kvantitativt och kvalitativt samt som vi gjort empirisk undersökning i form av intervjuer, vilket skall återge den sanna bilden av Komvux (Gamlebyskolan) i Varberg. Materialet som vi har använt oss av är bland annat rapporter från både skolverket och utbildningsdepartementet. För att erhålla en teoretisk förklaring på våra frågeställningar, har vi använt oss av sociologiskt skrivna verk, författade av Ulrich Beck och Pierre Bourdieu. Utifrån resultatet kan vi dementera den bild som DN presenterade, då merparten av eleverna på Gamlebyskolan läste nya ämnen. Komvux är för den breda massan som planerar att läsa på universitet och högskolor, men dock inom de mindre prestigefyllda utbildningarna.

Although Prochaska and DiClemente (1984) considered the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) to be relevant to couples therapy, there is a paucity of research in this area. Understanding how couples initiate change in their relationship still proves difficult due to barriers in the collection of couple level data and the fact that the majority of research on the TTM is individualistic in nature (Fowers, 2001; Schneider, 2003). Schneider (2003) reported that research suggests a relationship between change processes and relationship adjustment in couples. To my knowledge this study is the first test of the reliability and correlates of relationship change, beyond Schneider’s initial work. The purpose of the present study was to examine how individual adjustment and readiness to change affect relationship adjustment. Data were collected from a sample of 389 married and cohabitating individuals using a self-report survey. Readiness to change was found to partially mediate the relationship between individual well-being and relationship adjustment. This link underscores the concept of women as health gatekeepers of the family. The present study validates research on the TTM with individuals but draws further attention to the idea that changing a dyadic relationship is not an individual process.

Every year, for the past 50 years, Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta has suffered the same magnitude of oil spill in its rivers and swamps than was spilled in the 2010 Gulf Oil Spill. The damage has devastated the way of life of the Ogoni people who live in the area. They have consistently suffered environmental injustice as a result of Shell’s oil exploration, and the Nigerian government has ignored their cries for help and restitution. In fact, movements to garner support for environmental justice and fare share of oil profits and ownership from Shell and the state have been brutally shut down by the Nigerian government. Could it be that the reason that the state is willing to allow such a grave level of environmental degradation to persist is not only because it is corrupt, but also because the Nigerian government functions as a gatekeeper state guarding its precious oil resources? Following independence, many oil-producing countries turned to spigot economies that allowed whoever controlled access to the tap to collect rent on it. Thus, as a gatekeeper state, it is not in the best interest of the Nigerian government to give up its rent-seeking behaviors with Shell to appease its citizens because it may disrupt its relationship with the outside corporations. As a result, many of the cries for environmental justice by the Ogoni people have been met with resistance from the state since their function has evolved to collect taxes on exports and imports—not to maintain the trust of its citizens.

La plus grande famille de récepteurs membranaires est constituée par des récepteurs à sept domaines transmembranaires couplés aux protéines G (RCPG). Ces récepteurs sont impliqués dans un grand nombre de réponses cellulaires physiologiques et pathologiques et représentent la ciblé de une grande majorité des produits thérapeutiques. La fonction d’un récepteur est déterminée par la quantité de récepteur fonctionnel à la surface cellulaire, qui dépend de différents paramètres comme le niveau de biosynthèse, l’export vers la surface cellulaire à partir de stocks intracellulaires, l’endocytose et les modifications post-transcriptionelles (ex. phosphorylation). Le nouveau concept d’export régulé pour les RCPG présent l’importance physiologique de la rétention de récepteurs, leur relargage, leur interaction avec les partenaires chaperonnes et les escortes. Les études présentées ici concernent les mécanismes d’export régulé de deux RCPG, le récepteur métabotropique de l’acide γ-amino butyrique (GABAB) et le récepteur de chimiokines CC 5 (CCR5). GABAB est un récepteur constitué de deux sous-unités GB1 et GB2 et CCR5 est probablement un homo-dimer. GB1 ainsi que CCR sont retenus dans des compartiments intracellulaire (RE et appareil Golgi) d’où ils sont relâchés en réponse à un signal extern (CCR5) ou/et en interagissant avec protéines d’escorte (comme CD4 pour CCR5 et GB2 pour GB1). L’objectif de ces études était de comprendre le mécanisme de rétention de ces récepteurs et leur régulation. Dans ce contexte, nous avons déterminé en utilisant des approches biophysiques et biochimiques que ces récepteurs interagissent de façon spécifique avec les membres de Prenylated Rab Acceptors Family (PRAF). Ces protéines sont résidentes dans le RE (PRAF2 et PRAF3) et dans le appareil Golgi (PRAF1) où elles fonctionnent comme de gatekeepers pour les récepteurs. Nous avons pu démontrer que PRAF2 interagie de manière spécifique avec des motifs de rétention connus pour leur implication dans la rétention de récepteurs. Cette interaction détermine une rétention au niveau de RE donc régule de façon négatif l’export vers la membrane cellulaire. Dans le cas de récepteur GABAB, l’interaction de GB2 avec GB1 permet la libération de GB1 de sa rétention par PRAF2 par simple compétition. La modification de l’équilibre stoichiométrique entre les gatekeepers PRAF et les protéines d’escorte pour les récepteurs induit des modifications de la fonction du récepteur in vitro et in vivo. Les PRAFs sont ubiquitaires et peuvent interagir avec plusieurs RCPG représentant dans ce cas des régulateurs majors de la fonction de RCPG dans des conditions physiologiques et pathologiques. / The largest family of membrane receptors is constituted by conserved seven-membrane domain spanning receptors, the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are involved in numerous cell responses and diseases thus being a major drug target. Receptor function is determined by the amount of active receptors at the cell surface, which depends on various parameters, such as the biosynthetic rate, the export to the cell surface from internal stores, the endocytosis and post-transcriptional modifications (i.e. phosphorylation). Only recently, the importance of the regulated export has emerged, shedding new light on the physiological role of receptor retention, release, chaperoning and escorting. This work concerns the regulated export mechanisms of two members of the GPCRs family, the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and the metabotropic receptor of the g amino butyric acid (GABAB). Whereas CCR5 is likely a homo-dimer of 2 identical protomers, GABAB is an obligatory hetero-dimer of 2 distinct subunit known as GB1 and GB2. Both CCR5 and GB1 are retained in intracellular compartments (the ER and the Golgi) from which they are released in response to external signals (CCR5) and/or interaction with “private escort proteins” (CD4 for CCR5 and GB2 for GB1). The main goal of our work was to understand the mechanism of retention of these receptors and its regulation. In this context, we determined using biochemical and biophysical approaches that these GPCRs specifically interact with the members of the Prenylated Rab Acceptor Family (PRAF). These proteins are resident either in the ER (PRAF2 and PRAF3) or in the Golgi apparatus (PRAF1) where they function as receptor gatekeepers. Indeed, we could document for PRAF2 that this protein likely interacts directly with previously identified receptor retention motifs and inhibits receptor egress from the ER and subsequent trafficking to the plasma membrane. In the context of the GABAB receptor, PRAF2-dependent retention of GB1 can be overridden by GB2 via simple competition. Perturbing the stoichiometry of PRAF gatekeepers respective to that of receptors significantly perturbs receptor function both in vitro and in vivo. Because PRAFs are ubiquitous and seem to interact with many other GPCRs, they might represent major regulators of receptor function both in physiological and pathological conditions.

We consider a two-level supply chain involving a manufacturer and a retailer who serves as the quality gatekeeper. The manufacturer determines a wholesale price and a defective rate and announces his decisions to the retailer, who then makes her decisions on the retail price and identification rate that means the percent- age of the defects identified by the retailer and reflects the retailer’s gatekeeping effort on her quality assurance. We accordingly develop a leader-follower game and solve it to find Stackelberg equilibrium for the manufacturer and the retailer. In order to examine whether or not the supply chain benefits from the retailer's quality gatekeeping effort, we also develop and solve another leader-follower game where the manufacturer still announces its wholesale pricing and defective rate decisions but the retailer only decides on the retail price. We show that the manufacturer’s equilibrium defective rate for the game with the retailers gate-keeping is higher than that for the game without the retailer’s gatekeeping. The ratio of the manufacturers profit to the retailer’s profit is increased when the retailer serves as the gatekeeper. Moreover, the retailer reduces her price when she acts as the gatekeeper, if and only if the supply chain-wide cost decreases as a result of the retailer’s gatekeeping effort. We also perform sensitivity analysis of each parameter in our game models to further examine the impacts of the retailer’s gatekeeping on the manufacturer’s and the retailer’s decisions and profits. We find that the retailer’s penalty cost per defect has more significant impacts than the manufacturer’s unit penalty cost. The paper ends with a summary of managerial insights.

Limited transaction and unit attribute information curtail the diffusion potential of green homes and create significant valuation and underwriting problems for the housing debt capital markets, more specifically mortgage originators (lenders) and appraisers. Put into the context of the technology adoption life cycle this missing information prevents green homes from crossing the chasm into the mainstream market. As lenders and appraisers are the gatekeepers of the mainstream mortgage markets, they will be key stakeholders in any strategy for green homes to cross this chasm. The missing transaction and attribute data creates two opportunities for scholarship. The first opportunity is to create and provide preliminary evidence of the chasm in the green housing market place. The second opportunity is to analyze, in the context of this chasm, what information and tools appraisers are using, at present, to estimate the value of high performance homes. / Ph. D.

In today’s Internet, it is highly desirable to have fast and scalable software packet processing solutions for network applications that run on commodity hardware. The advent of cloud computing drives the continued rapid growth of Internet traffic. Moreover, the development of emerging networking techniques, such as Network Function Virtualization, significantly shapes the need for implementing the network functions in software. Finally, with the advancement of modern platforms as well as software frameworks for packet processing, network applications have potential to process 100+ Gbps network traffic on a single commodity server. Representative frameworks include the Click modular router, the RouteBricks scalable routing architecture, and BUFFALO, the software-based Ethernet switch. Beneath this general-purpose routing and switching functionality lie a broad set of network applications, many of which are handled with custom methods to provide cost-effectiveness and flexibility. This thesis considers two long-standing networking applications, IP lookup and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) mitigation, and proposes efficient software-based methods drawing from this new perspective. In this thesis, we first introduce several optimization techniques to accelerate network applications by taking advantage of modern CPU features. Then, we explore the IP lookup problem to find the longest matching prefix of an IP address in a set of prefixes. An ideal IP lookup algorithm should achieve small constant IP lookup time, and on-chip memory usage. However, no prior IP lookup algorithm achieves both requirements at the same time. We propose SAIL, a splitting approach to IP lookup, and a suite of algorithms for IP lookup based on SAIL framework. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our algorithms, and experimental results show that our SAIL algorithms are much faster than well-known IP lookup algorithms. Next, we switch our focus to DDoS, an attempt to disrupt the legitimate traffic of a victim by sending a flood of Internet traffic from different sources. Our solution is Gatekeeper, the first open-source and deployable DDoS mitigation system. We present a series of optimization techniques, including use of modern platforms, group prefetching, coroutines, and hashing, to accelerate Gatekeeper. Experimental results show that these optimization techniques significantly improve its performance over alternative baseline solutions. / 2022-01-30T00:00:00Z