In todays society, the internet is all around us and use it in our everyday life. From checking the schedule to signing on to your bank. This has made it so that data is traveling all around us, from our walls filled with cables to the air in wireless form. But data takes time to travel from computer to computer, and it has the problem that data is not saved just on its own. It can be lost or it can be corrupted. This means that we need safeguards in place for the data. Go-Back-N is a protocol that makes it so that data always gets to the recipient by resending data that has been lost. But it takes time. Also, the sender can't send as much data as it wants. There needs to be a window where a certain amount of data can be sent and accepted before  the sender can send out more. But what is the relation between the delay and window size? In this thesis, we look at the relationship between them and how it effect the protocol if the delay is turned down, or the window size is increased.

Combining enzymes with synthetic materials is the new frontier of biocatalysis, materials science, and protein engineering. Enzymes are biological macromolecule catalysts with incredible efficiency and specificity that are desirable for use in a variety of different fields. However, commercial applications have been limited by the stability and reusability of un-altered enzymes. An avenue for overcoming the challenges to harnessing enzyme power is to combine enzymes with materials to create an enzymatically-active material that has enhanced stability and activity. Unfortunately, the catalytic activity of the hybrid material is often lower than that of the enzyme alone. The activity of an enzyme is directly dependent on its structure and dynamics. Therefore, a deeper understanding of enzyme structure and dynamics upon incorporation into materials will provide the data necessary to rationally design enzymatically-active materials with the desired features. This dissertation explores the behavior of a model enzyme, T4 Lysozyme, with two different artificial material systems, metal-organic frameworks and polyethylene glycol. The underlying structural rationale for the behavior is probed using a variety of techniques, notably, Electron Spin Paramagnetic Resonance. Herein, the implications of structural alterations on activity and opportunities for exploitation are discussed. T4 Lysozyme is a perfect model for this study because it has a well characterized structure-activity relationship, thus providing a vast literature understanding which can be pulled from to verify and assist with interpretation of data. The structural basis of enzyme activity alteration in artificial materials can be used to rationally design systems with desired characteristics. After successfully demonstrating the tunability of proteins in artificial materials using T4L as a model, human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 was chosen for continuing studies due to its importance in diseased states. However, the superoxide dismutase mutant chosen is aggregation prone, which makes it difficult to express recombinantly in large amounts. Therefore, an efficient protocol for producing the superoxide dismutase protein was developed to set the stage for future studies.

Under frameworks such as Alcohol Myopia Theory, a body of literature has developed demonstrating how alcohol intoxication can increase behavioral risk-taking, potentially via impaired inhibition of prepotent behavioral responses. A separate area of research has shown that responses to alcohol intoxication are not homogenous across the population. Whereas most previous research has considered alcohol responses in relation to risk for alcohol use disorders, the present investigation tested whether they may additionally contribute to the acute effects of alcohol on drinking-episode-specific cognitive and behavioral consequences. We recruited 82 moderate-to-heavy drinking emerging adults to each complete 2 research protocols: a placebo-controlled, within-subject, counterbalanced alcohol challenge in a simulated bar laboratory and a 21-day, event-level self-monitoring follow-up. Replicating previous research, the alcohol challenge increased heart rate and subjective stimulant-like and sedative-like responses and impaired psychomotor performance and response inhibition. Individual differences in subjective stimulation but not sedation were significantly associated with inhibitory impairment. In the event-level follow-up, we found little evidence that alcohol responses elevated risk for adverse behavioral outcomes, although evidence was stronger that alcohol responses were associated with alcohol-induced memory blackout. Whether and how alcohol responses relate to the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication may depend on a) the quality of the response (e.g., stimulation vs. sedation), b) the type of outcome (e.g., response inhibition vs. blackout vs. behavioral risk-taking), and c) whether perceptions of alcohol-induced effects may contribute to emerging adults' evaluations of risk (e.g., driving after drinking and riding with a drinking driver). / text

Numerous studies have linked dispositional mindfulness to enhanced emotion regulation. The present research examined dispositional mindfulness as a predictor of emotion regulation in social affective contexts. Participants completed passive viewing and Emotional Go/No-Go tasks involving social affective stimuli (happy, neutral, and fearful facial expressions). Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral responses were examined to discern whether dispositional mindfulness predicted differential neural and behavioral responses indexing attention to, awareness of, and inhibitory control over automatic responses to affective social stimuli. Dispositional mindfulness predicted larger (more negative) N100, N200 and No-Go N200 amplitudes during the Emotional Go/No-Go task, but was not associated with amplitude of the Late Positive Potential during the passive viewing task. Dispositional mindfulness also predicted faster response times (RT) to target stimuli that were not attributable to a speed-accuracy tradeoff. No relations were found between mindfulness and RT variability nor accuracy. Implications for understanding mindfulness and early processes of social emotion regulation are discussed.

The social and emotional lives of people are highly interdependent. Incipient evidence suggests that attention may also play an essential role in determining one’s social and emotional well-being. Mindfulness, as a manner of attending, entails greater moment-to-moment awareness to internal and external events, and is thought to have both intra- and inter-personal benefits. Here a study of mindfulness training (MT) examined whether training mindful attention would improve emotion regulation in social contexts as indexed by neural, behavioral, and experience sampling measures. More specifically, 60 participants in romantic relationships were randomly assigned to either four brief (20 min.) MT sessions or a structurally-equivalent control procedure. Romantic partners of these participants also completed questionnaires and experience sampling measures. Findings across the variety of measures supported hypotheses that MT would benefit social emotion regulation. Relative to control participants, those in MT demonstrated greater early attention to facial expressions on an Emotional Go/No-Go task, as indexed by the N200, a neural marker of conflict monitoring. Response time and accuracy during this task revealed more sustained efficient discrimination of facial expressions for MT participants. During day-to-day social interactions, MT participants reported more positive and less negative emotion as well as less negative emotion lability from one interaction to the next. A mediation analysis found improved accuracy on the Emotional Go/No-Go task mediated the relation between MT and more positive emotion during daily social interactions. Given that social emotion regulation places unique demands on attention for which mindfulness appears well-suited, research on both topics can build from these findings to better understand both intra- and inter-personal benefits of MT.

Esta pesquisa que pode ser classificada como sendo de geografia urbana, agrária e econômica trata do complexo canavieiro instalado na cidade goiana de Itumbiara. Na qual se analisou o processo de conformação histórico-geográfica e que redundou no prevalecimento das condições objetivas para a realização da principal e mais ampla cultura agrícola realizada em seus territórios. Pelos seus níveis de organização, bem como do aparato tecnológico disponibilizado está consolidado como importante segmento da economia nacional e que, por sua vez, e inexoravelmente, possui a rara potência de redefinir regiões, alterar fronteiras, produzir e intensificar fluxos populacionais e modificar profundamente os biomas. Os objetivos da pesquisa residem no esforço por interpretar o que, de fato, é essa ampla e complexa cultura produtiva da cana. Já que não se trata apenas de mais uma típica atividade do diverso agronegócio brasileiro; pelo grau e profundidade das suas vinculações políticas e econômicas nacionais e internacionais tem se convertido cada vez mais em forma distinta e efetiva de poder. Para atingir os objetivos desse trabalho foram empreendidos, durante três anos, visitas a arquivos municipais, usinas canavieiras, prefeituras, bairros populares e acampamentos o que resultou em ampla documentação fotográfica. A bibliografia utilizada é essencialmente de matriz marxiana heterodoxa onde diversos autores contribuem com categorias centrais para o entendimento dessa cultura produtiva como fenômeno econômico e que ultrapassa os estritos da produção. A sucroenergia nacional é o maior empreendimento econômico do País, não casualmente, na confluência dos cinco principais Estados produtores (Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul) se apresenta contemporaneamente uma vigorosa totalidade sócioprodutiva da cana a envolver economia, poder político, geração cultural e uniformização; curiosamente, não apenas dos aspectos paisagísticos mas também, e sobretudo, de comportamentos sociais e que, paralelamente, irão demonstrar o atual e prevalecente status do complexo produtivo da sucroenergia brasileira. Como resultados espera-se ter elucidado aspectos da relação cidade/campo encetada pela monocultura da cana que permite governar municípios, regiões e partes decisivas do País. / This research that can be classified as being of urban, agrarian and economic geography deals with the sugarcane complex installed in the city of Itumbiara. In which the process of historical-geographical conformation was analyzed and which resulted in the prevailing objective conditions for the realization of the main and broader agricultural culture carried out in their territories. Due to its levels of organization, as well as the technological apparatus available, it is consolidated as an important segment of the national economy and, in turn, inexorably has the rare power to redefine regions, change borders, produce and intensify population flows, and profoundly modify biomes. The objectives of the research lie in the effort to interpret what, in fact, is this broad and complex productive culture of sugarcane. Since it is not just another typical activity of the diverse Brazilian agribusiness; by the degree and depth of its national and international political and economic ties has increasingly become a distinct and effective form of power. To achieve the objectives of this work, visits to municipal archives, sugarcane mills, prefectures, popular neighborhoods and camps were undertaken during three years, resulting in extensive photographic documentation. The bibliography used is essentially of heterodox Marxian matrix where several authors contribute with central categories for the understanding of this productive culture as an economic phenomenon and that surpasses the strict ones of the production. National sugar-energy is the largest economic enterprise in the country. At the same time, at the confluence of the five main producing states (Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul), there is a vigorous socio-productive totality of sugarcane, political power, cultural generation and standardization; interestingly, not only the landscape aspects but also, and above all, social behaviors, which, in parallel, will demonstrate the current and prevailing status of the productive complex of Brazilian sugarenergy. As results, it is expected to have elucidated aspects of the city / countryside relationship initiated by the sugarcane monoculture that allows to govern municipalities, regions and decisive parts of the Country.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gelcio Sisterolli de Carvalho.pdf: 703636 bytes, checksum: ba6a5ab20cd9da7785e509791de705ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-20 / The morbidity and mortality caused by traffic accidents is related to the process of urbanization and with the natural history of disease supported by multifactorial theory with coorte in reserved prognostics and, for the gravity of the events, determinant of the medical-sanitary, familiar, social and economic variable. Goiânia, from 1996 to 2002, experienced an increase of 36,18% in the number of deaths by traffic accidents. The rate of proportional mortality in the chapter of the external causes presented a median of 38,8% and sex distribution of 84,65% male and 15,35% female. Running overs, cyclists, motorcyclists, events involving cars had presented increases in the period of, respectively, 168,29%, 840%, 1.050% and 450%. This study it demonstrated that, of all the deaths occurred in Goiânia by traffic accidents, approximately, 40% had involved adolescents and adults up to 29 years. The information available through the Mortality Data System, based on death certificates (DC) issued by the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IFM), presents deficiencies caused by bad death notification form fulfilling. Evaluating 527 deaths by traffic accidents, in 2002, 97,53% had no information on the degree of instruction of the victim; 62,04% did not mention the presence of medical assistance; 35,83% classified the events as "other terrestrial transportation accidents", not characterizing the victim and the vehicle; 96,39% were not reported as work accidents; and not a single form had the location of the accident. The objective of obtaining a reliable geographic distribution of deaths, using a Geographical Information System, was compromised because of the impossibility to establish, with statistical significance the location of deaths. The information used was retrieved from the databases of the Criminology Institute (only 16,51% of the total death available) and of the Integrated System of Attendance to the Trauma and Emergencies of Goiás State (only 20,68%of the total death available). Traffic accidents is an event where the human being assumes the condition of both victim and villain of the process, therefore the epidemiologic control of this important cause of death will be possible with an interdisciplinary approach, with professionals from different sectors, through readings involving ethics and citizenship, consolidating efficient measures to develop Public Health in the urban space of Goiânia. / A morbi-mortalidade patrocinada pelos acidentes de trânsito está relacionada com o processo de urbanização das polis e com a história natural da doença sustentada na teoria multifatorial com coorte de prognóstico reservado e, pela gravidade dos eventos, determinante para o surgimento de variáveis médico-sanitárias, familiares, sociais e econômicas. Goiânia, no período de 1996 a 2002, experimentou um crescimento da mortalidade pelos acidentes de trânsito da ordem de 36,18%. O índice de mortalidade proporcional no Capítulo das Causas Externas apresentou uma mediana de 38,8% e, por sexo, índices de 84,65% no masculino contra 15,35%, no feminino. Os atropelamentos, eventos envolvendo ciclistas, motociclistas e carros apresentaram aumentos no período de, respectivamente, 168,29%, 840%, 1.050% e 450%. Este estudo demonstrou que, de todos os óbitos ocorridos em Goiânia por acidentes de trânsito, aproximadamente, 40% envolveram adolescentes e adultos até 29 anos. Com relação às informações geradas através do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, a partir das Declarações de Óbitos emitidas pelo Instituto Médico Legal de Goiânia, apresentam deficiências na qualidade do preenchimento do instrumento de notificação. Na avaliação de 527 óbitos por acidentes de trânsito, no ano de 2002: 97,53% ignoraram o grau de instrução da vítima; 62,04% não mencionaram a presença de assistência médica; 35,83% classificaram os eventos como outros acidentes de transporte terrestre , sem a caracterização da vítima e do veículo; 96,39% não foram relacionados ao trabalho da vítima; e nenhuma declaração localizou o logradouro do acidente. A tentativa de georreferenciar em um mapa, utilizando um Sistema de Informação Geográfico, foi comprometida em função da impossibilidade de estabelecer, com dados significativos estatisticamente, o resgate de informações utilizando as bases de dados do Instituto de Criminalística (16,51%) e do Sistema Integrado de Atendimento ao Trauma e Emergências do Estado de Goiás (20,68%). Por se tratar de causas evitáveis onde o homem assume a condição de vítima e vilão do próprio processo, o controle epidemiológico desta importante causa de óbito será possível com medidas interdisciplinares, multiprofissionais e intersetoriais, através das leituras envolvendo a ética e a cidadania, consolidando medidas eficazes para desenvolver a Saúde Pública no espaço urbano de Goiânia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:21:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MADALENA DIAS SILVA FREITAS.pdf: 9650278 bytes, checksum: 0884810fd98658bcd77dcb59c875e762 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-01 / This research had as study´s object the Congada in Caiapônia city in Goiás, starting from the memory of the black population who lives there, sought to understand the structure and the function of the party agents, highlighting it conflicts as part of its trajectory´s while an element of Brazilian culture and as a cultural black origin´s expression. Got about several authors, giving emphasis to Souza (2006), Rabaçal (1976), Costa (1998). This research was made with bibliographic and interviews´ research of participatory methodology and mainly sought to answer to the following question: how Caiapônia built and build the party called Congada? What motivates its singularities, once it differs in several other aspects? The answers pointed to the lack of group interaction´s with a religious´ fellowship, the public support lacke and the discontinuance of the relationship with the Catholic Church. This work sought an approach which showed not only what was visible and structural in the party, but which contemplate their historical transformations, their relationship built in political´s spaces, religious and in the people from Caiapônia city. Implied also in analyzing the traditions that preserved the rites, the continuities, the sacred values in despite of congada with the devotion to Nossa Senhora do Rosário . Another factor understood in this study corresponded to the blacks people´s consciousness around the congada create a space for the strengthening of identities with the party´s reorientation by means of organizing a cultural school formation, social and political. / Esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo a Congada de Caiapônia, Goiás. A partir da memória da população negra local, buscou entender a estrutura e a função dos agentes da festa, evidenciando os seus conflitos como parte da sua trajetória enquanto elemento da cultura brasileira e expressão cultural de origem negra. Consultou diversos autores, em especial Souza (2006), Rabaçal (1976), Costa (1998) A investigação foi realizada com pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevista de metodologia participativa e procurou responder fundamentalmente à questão: como Caiapônia construiu e constrói a sua festa da Congada? O que motiva as suas singularidades, uma vez que se distingue de outras em vários aspectos? As respostas apontaram para a falta de interação do grupo com uma irmandade religiosa, a falta de apoio público e a descontinuidade da relação com a Igreja Católica. O trabalho buscou uma abordagem que evidenciasse não só o que era visível e estrutural na festa, mas que abarcasse suas transformações históricas, suas relações construídas nos espaços políticos, religiosos e com a comunidade caiaponiense. Implicou também analisar as tradições que preservaram os ritos, as continuidades, os valores sagrados na relação da congada com a devoção a Nossa Senhora do Rosário. Outro fator correspondeu à consciência dos negros em criar em torno da congada um espaço para o fortalecimento das suas identidades com a reorientação da festa por meio de uma escola de formação cultural, social e política.

O desenvolvimento de sistemas com capacidade de unir ferramentas tecnológicas é de grande importância para oferecer apoio à Agricultura de Precisão e estimular a criação de grupos interdisciplinares para obter resultados favoráveis à produtividade agrícola. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar as aplicações de sensoriamento embarcado em máquinas agrícolas, explorando a interface da agricultura com a computação e as engenharias mecânica e elétrica por meio de conceitos e tecnologias de sistemas de medidas. Foram desenvolvidos dois sistemas de sensoriamento embarcados. No primeiro realizou-se coleta de informações sobre refletância e altura das plantas em cultura de cana-de-açúcar. No segundo realizou-se coleta de informações e controle de aplicação de fertilizantes à taxa variável baseado em informações de refletância em cultura de milho. Utilizou-se os sensores Crop Circle (medidas de refletância para monitoramento de status da planta), Sonar (medida de altura de plantas) e GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), com os quais foram realizados ensaios para determinar possíveis fontes de erro em uma operação agrícola. Os sistemas desenvolvidos cumpriram o papel de integradores de conhecimento, possibilitando observações práticas sobre necessidades, falhas e acertos no desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados para uso em aplicações agrícolas / The development of systems able to join different technological tools is very important in order to provide support for Precision Agriculture and it stimulates the creation of interdisciplinary teams to obtain favorable results to increase agricultural productivity. The main goal of this work is to study applications of embedded sensing systems in agricultural machines, exploring the interface between computer science, mechanical, electrical, and agricultural engineering using concepts and technologies of measurement systems. It was developed two on board sensing systems. The first system collected the data of crop reflectance and plant height in sugar cane growing area. The second one controlled the variable rate fertilizer distribution based on reflectance of maize crop. Were used the sensors Crop Circle (reflectance to monitor the status of the plant), Sonar (plant height) and GPS (Global Positioning System), which were applied to detect some possible error sources during field operation. The systems developed fulfilled the role of integrating knowledge, providing practical observations about the needs, failures and successes in developing embedded systems for use in agricultural production

Orientador: José Eduardo Zaine / Banca: Leonardo Eugenio Cerri / Banca: Ana Oliva Barufi Franco de Magalhães / Banca: José Luis Ridente / Banca: Paulina Setti Riedel / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar, associar e avaliar os processos erosivos em Unidades de Análise Integrada do Meio Físico, na Bacia do Ribeirão das Pedras, Quirinópolis (GO), em uma área composta por basaltos e arenitos, com relevos residuais tabuliformes, relevos colinosos e drenagens, por vezes encaixadas, ou desenvolvendo planícies fluviais. O método adotado na pesquisa partiu da fotoanálise para a interpretação das características fisiográficas, assim como das propriedades geotécnicas. Para tanto, os procedimentos adotados incluíram a análise de fotografias aéreas e imagens orbitais, trabalhos de campo, definição e caracterização das unidades de análise, com avaliação dos processos erosivos, permitindo dividir a área em seis unidades de análise integrada do meio físico. A partir desta caracterização, do registro de processos erosivos naturais e induzidos e das alterações decorrentes do uso do solo, foi aplicado um quadro matricial de avaliação de suscetibilidade, apontando os terrenos com coberturas arenosas do topo do planalto (Unidade IV) e as áreas com problemas decorrentes do processo de urbanização e agropecuária (Unidade II) como unidades com maior suscetibilidade à erosão. Os resultados, apresentados por mapas de declividade e hipsométricos, na escala 1:100.000 e de mapas de pontos e de unidades de análise integrada do meio físico, 1:50.000, além de pranchas ilustradas com fotos, perfis de intemperismo e de relevo e descrições, agregam diversas informações necessárias para a análise e avaliação realizadas. Esses documentos fornecem as diretrizes necessárias para o planejamento ambiental do importante manancial de abastecimento público da cidade de Quirinópolis / Abstract: This study has the objective to identify, associate and evaluate the erosive processes in Units Integrated Analysis of Physical Environment, in the Basin of Ribeirão das Pedras, Quirinópolis (Goiás, Brasil), in an area composed of basalts and sandstones, with tabuliform residual reliefs, hilly reliefs and drainage docked, or developing fluvial plains. The adopted method proceeded from fotoanalysis to interpretation of physiographic characteristics, as well as the geotechnical properties. Therefore, the adopted procedures included the analysis of aerial photographs and orbital images, field work, definition and characterization of the units of analysis, with evaluation of erosive processes, allowing divide the area into six unities integrated analysis of the physical environment. From this characterization and the registry of natural and induced erosive processes resulting from land use, it was applied a matricial table of susceptibility evaluation, pointing to lands with sandy coverage from the top of the plateau (Unity IV) and areas with problems arising from urbanization, agriculture and livestock (Unity II) as unities with higher susceptibility. The results are presented by maps of slope and hypsometric, at the scale 1:100.000, and map of field points and Units Integrated Analysis of Physical Environment, 1:50.000, besides illustrated boards with photos, intemperism and relief profiles, and adding several information necessary for analysis and evaluation performed. These documents provide the necessary guidelines for environmental planning of important water source for Quirinópolis's public supply / Doutor