Being alone is not the only definition of loneliness. Loneliness can be felt even when surrounded by a lot of people, especially in the virtual online world. Our digital devices play an important role in connecting everyone together without the restriction of time and space. Communication became more and more convenient in this era. Mostly we are digitally connected, but sometimes, we are mentally disconnected. We are online and together in this virtual world, but loneliness is always a never ended situation that we are suffering from. As a visual communicator, My works focus on using performance as an approach to explore the evolving relationship between the online communication and online loneliness. In my thesis research, I want to investigate how does the online world created more loneliness to individuals digitally and physically, and how people release their spiritual desire and overcome loneliness in the online world.

Tailored is a graphic design experiment which explores clothing as communication. It tells the story of my life through my body and the “designed” skirts I wear. Clothing is a visual representation of who we are and what we do. Through Tailored I am pushing the boundaries of how people read what I wear. I have designed and made skirts that explicitly define (through words, fabric and image) the six main compartments of my life. This paper records and explores the visual experiences I create for those around me and myself. Tailored is a personal investigation of how clothing speaks about me through personally designed garments.

Graphical trademarks, or logos, represent important aspects of organizational identity and have become ubiquitous in society. Although the conventional wisdom of practitioners in design and business dictates that trademarks should be unique and distinctive, anecdotal evidence suggests that many trademarks appear to be similar to one another. This dissertation attempts to understand patterns of similarity and difference in graphical trademark design through the lens of neoinstitutional theory in sociology. Using data on trademarks from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the designs of the over 750,000 graphical trademarks filed in the United States between 1884 and 2003 are analyzed in terms of their content, design complexity, and degree of design realism or abstraction. A series of hypotheses regarding trademark design dynamics is tested. Evidence is found suggesting that, rather than providing distinctiveness, trademarks serve to provide legitimacy to organizations by imitating the symbols employed by other organizations, particularly those within the same industry. Further analysis examines the institutionalization and deinstitutionalization of norms in trademark design within industries over time. Finally, the survival of trademarks that deviate from design norms, relative to more normal trademarks, is studied. While such "deviant" trademarks do not seem more likely to be abandoned or cancelled or to expire, further study suggests that trademarks that adhere most strictly to design norms are more likely to survive in use over time.

The structure of the work has two parts: in the first part we discuss the analysis of literature, characteristic of advertising, the plan of activity, the style of the company, image and the main formation features. All this concurrent of the trademark, it’s functions, species, colours. In the second part goes theory applies with the chosen company’s booklet creation, it’s analysis.

Darbo objektas Patyčios mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų tarpe. Darbo tikslas Sukurti 6 plakatų ciklą „Patyčios“, skirtą mokyklinio amžiaus, besityčiojantiems vaikams, siekiant parodyti jiems patiems gręsiančias piktadarysčių pasekmes. Darbo uždaviniai 1. Kryptingai išanalizuoti mokslinę literatūrą, siekiant atskleisti patyčių reiškinio esmines charakteristikas tarp bendraamžių. 2. Identifikuoti egzistuojančių patyčių pagrindines priežastis tarp bendraamžių mokykloje. 3. Numatyti galimas pasekmes besityčiojantiems vaikams. 4. Susisteminti informaciją ir ją pritaikyti plakatų temoms. 5. Sukurti plakatų personažus, atspindinčius besityčiojančius vaikus. 6. Rasti kompozicijos, gamybos, medžiagos, konstrukcijos sprendimus. 7. Sukurti lankstinuką – atmintinę. 8. Sukurti pagrindinio personažo, dominuojančio plakatuose, kostiumą, kuris taptu viso darbo simboliu. / The object Ridicule among school-age children. The aim of the 6 create a poster series "twit" for school-age children, to show them the same threat of evil consequences. Job Tasks 1st Focused analysis of scientific literature in order to reveal the essential characteristics of the phenomenon of bullying between peers. 2nd Identify the root causes of the existing bullying among their peers at school. 3rd Anticipating the potential consequences besityčiojantiems children. 4th Structured information and adapt it to a poster themes. 5th Characters to create a poster reflecting besityčiojančius children. 6th Find Songs, manufacturing, materials, design solutions. 7th Create Brochure - memory. 8th Create a main character, the dominant form of posters, costumes, who would become the symbol of the whole work.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007. / "May, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-254). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

Ambiguity can arise from indecision, unintened confusion or as the international evocation of several meanings in the same image,object,situation or idea. Intentional ambiguity enables multiple interpretations of a message,increasing richness of meaning, while adding pleasure through uncertainty and surprise. In disciplines such as literature and fine art, ambiguity is preceived as not only desirable,but inherent to the value of the work of art or idea and its interpretation in the mind of the viewer. Yet the possibilities of ambiguity remain under explored in graphic design, a discipline predominatly (conventionally) concerned with clear comunication of mesage.

Partindo de questões da sustentabilidade ambiental voltadas para o ecodesign, esta pesquisa se propõe a desenvolver pictogramas para indicar os movimentos a serem realizados para que a pré-desmontagem - remoção da carcaça - de produtos, com junções snap-fits, seja feita. Para isso, agregou-se conhecimentos de design gráfico e de produto, a fim de compreender estes dois pontos principais e, assim, desenvolver grafismos que conseguissem transmitir as informações necessárias. Através de uma abordagem de ciclo de vida de produto, focou-se principalmente nas etapas finais, visando aumentar a sua vida útil e ampliar as suas possibilidades de reuso, reutilização e, por último, reciclagem. Para isso, a desmontagem é especialmente importante, pois é a partir dela que os produtos podem ser separados, consertados ou utilizados em outras funções. Algumas desmontagens de produtos foram realizadas e verificou-se uma deficiência na separação daqueles que possuíam junções snap-fits escondidas no seu interior. Esse tipo de união se mostra eficaz em grande parte dos seus usos, porém, a dificuldade registrada foi quando não se sabia onde estava o encaixe e ele acabava sendo quebrado ao se realizar alguma operação em local inadequado, a fim de abrir o produto. Dessa forma, snap-fits tipo loop e permanente foram selecionados para terem suas desmontagens indicadas e, assim, seu uso otimizado. O primeiro deles pode ser aberto produzindo-se uma alavanca, portanto seu pictograma indica "faça uma alavanca aqui". Já o segundo não pode ser aberto a menos que seja quebrado, portanto sua indicação é "quebre aqui". De autores consagrados na área de formas gráficas e percepção visual, foram extraídos cinco critérios de análise formal que serviram para analisar alguns pictogramas já existentes e se mostraram de grande auxílio para embasar o desenvolvimento dos novos. Após estudos formais, proposição de alguns pictogramas, análise dos mesmos e posterior aperfeiçoamento, chegou-se a quatro grafismos finais, que foram então testados com dez usuários, divididos em dois grupos. Para o teste, foram feitas simulações gráficas da aplicação destes pictogramas em produtos, estas imagens foram apresentadas aos usuários e eles descreveram qual seria a sua ação diante daquele pictograma. Os pictogramas tiveram interpretações, no mínimo, próximas daquilo que se pretendia informar. Considerou-se, portanto, que a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento dos mesmos foi eficaz e que os pictogramas são adequados para transmitir mensagens complexas através de formas simplificadas. / This research is about sustainability, ecodesign, and pictograms. It has the objective to develop pictograms in order to indicate movements necessary to make the predisassembly - moving out the housing - of some products which have junctions such as snap-fits. In order to achieve this objective some research about two essential subjects - product design and graphic design - were made. Life Cycle Design guided the investigation through the end of useful life time aspects. That intends to increase products' life time, making it possible to reuse, recover and recycle materials. Therefore, disassembly is quite important in this stage, because it allows products to be opened, fixed, and/or reused in other functions. Thus, several products were disassembled and some complications were observed on separating of the ones which have snap-fits junctions hidden in their interior. These types of junctions are generally efficient in most of their uses. However, in this research, the problems were found when it was not known where the snap-fits were located. As a result, they broke when an inadequate action was made intending to open the product. Consequently, the junctions chosen to be indicated by means of the pictograms were the snap-fits like non-releasing and loop. The first one can only be opened by breaking the junction, so, the pictogram will indicate "break here"; in the other case, the loop can be opened if a movement like a lever is made, so the pictogram for this one will be "make a lever here". Based on important authors of the visual perception subject, five formal analysis categories were grouped and used to analyze existent pictograms, and also to give information to the development of new ones. After some formal analysis, several pictograms were proposed and improved. Then four final pictograms were chosen to be tested with ten users, divided into two groups. The test consists in showing to the users a simulated image of the pictograms applied in real products, and asking them which would be their action to disassembly that product. As a result the pictograms were interpreted at least in close proximity to their real meaning. Therefore, the methodology utilized was considered efficient and the pictograms are adequate to transmit complex information trough a simple form.

This thesis paper, Black Things, White Spaces, offers an in depth look into my journey as an artist and how my artistic practice has evolved over the years. Throughout this time of self-exploration, I have developed an interest in themes of racism, structures of power, representation and stereotypes. In my artistic work, I explore how these themes affect the African American community, as well as myself, as an African American woman. This paper utilizes the creative and theoretical frameworks by artists and scholars like, Bill Viola, Adrian Piper, bell hooks, and Franz Fanon to support the intentions of my work. This thesis illustrates for the reader how my work approaches these themes through certain methodologies, such as: tactical media, blurring the lines between art and life, and the manipulation of time and space. In this paper, I argue the importance of placing my work within the context of African American experiences throughout history. By doing this, my work is able to reference several events throughout history, while addressing our current moment in time. Included in this manuscript are detailed descriptions and analyses of each piece in the thesis exhibition. It is important to speak about the development and the intentions of my art. While speaking about the work, I compare and contrast my thesis work to previous artworks I’ve done, as well as other artists works, in order to place these pieces within an art-historical framework. Finally, this thesis, also addresses how my current work presented in the thesis exhibition will inform my future artistic practice. I believe that my contributions to the African American media arts practice creates spaces to celebrate diversity, empower the voiceless, but most importantly, creates new avenues for change.

Partindo de questões da sustentabilidade ambiental voltadas para o ecodesign, esta pesquisa se propõe a desenvolver pictogramas para indicar os movimentos a serem realizados para que a pré-desmontagem - remoção da carcaça - de produtos, com junções snap-fits, seja feita. Para isso, agregou-se conhecimentos de design gráfico e de produto, a fim de compreender estes dois pontos principais e, assim, desenvolver grafismos que conseguissem transmitir as informações necessárias. Através de uma abordagem de ciclo de vida de produto, focou-se principalmente nas etapas finais, visando aumentar a sua vida útil e ampliar as suas possibilidades de reuso, reutilização e, por último, reciclagem. Para isso, a desmontagem é especialmente importante, pois é a partir dela que os produtos podem ser separados, consertados ou utilizados em outras funções. Algumas desmontagens de produtos foram realizadas e verificou-se uma deficiência na separação daqueles que possuíam junções snap-fits escondidas no seu interior. Esse tipo de união se mostra eficaz em grande parte dos seus usos, porém, a dificuldade registrada foi quando não se sabia onde estava o encaixe e ele acabava sendo quebrado ao se realizar alguma operação em local inadequado, a fim de abrir o produto. Dessa forma, snap-fits tipo loop e permanente foram selecionados para terem suas desmontagens indicadas e, assim, seu uso otimizado. O primeiro deles pode ser aberto produzindo-se uma alavanca, portanto seu pictograma indica "faça uma alavanca aqui". Já o segundo não pode ser aberto a menos que seja quebrado, portanto sua indicação é "quebre aqui". De autores consagrados na área de formas gráficas e percepção visual, foram extraídos cinco critérios de análise formal que serviram para analisar alguns pictogramas já existentes e se mostraram de grande auxílio para embasar o desenvolvimento dos novos. Após estudos formais, proposição de alguns pictogramas, análise dos mesmos e posterior aperfeiçoamento, chegou-se a quatro grafismos finais, que foram então testados com dez usuários, divididos em dois grupos. Para o teste, foram feitas simulações gráficas da aplicação destes pictogramas em produtos, estas imagens foram apresentadas aos usuários e eles descreveram qual seria a sua ação diante daquele pictograma. Os pictogramas tiveram interpretações, no mínimo, próximas daquilo que se pretendia informar. Considerou-se, portanto, que a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento dos mesmos foi eficaz e que os pictogramas são adequados para transmitir mensagens complexas através de formas simplificadas. / This research is about sustainability, ecodesign, and pictograms. It has the objective to develop pictograms in order to indicate movements necessary to make the predisassembly - moving out the housing - of some products which have junctions such as snap-fits. In order to achieve this objective some research about two essential subjects - product design and graphic design - were made. Life Cycle Design guided the investigation through the end of useful life time aspects. That intends to increase products' life time, making it possible to reuse, recover and recycle materials. Therefore, disassembly is quite important in this stage, because it allows products to be opened, fixed, and/or reused in other functions. Thus, several products were disassembled and some complications were observed on separating of the ones which have snap-fits junctions hidden in their interior. These types of junctions are generally efficient in most of their uses. However, in this research, the problems were found when it was not known where the snap-fits were located. As a result, they broke when an inadequate action was made intending to open the product. Consequently, the junctions chosen to be indicated by means of the pictograms were the snap-fits like non-releasing and loop. The first one can only be opened by breaking the junction, so, the pictogram will indicate "break here"; in the other case, the loop can be opened if a movement like a lever is made, so the pictogram for this one will be "make a lever here". Based on important authors of the visual perception subject, five formal analysis categories were grouped and used to analyze existent pictograms, and also to give information to the development of new ones. After some formal analysis, several pictograms were proposed and improved. Then four final pictograms were chosen to be tested with ten users, divided into two groups. The test consists in showing to the users a simulated image of the pictograms applied in real products, and asking them which would be their action to disassembly that product. As a result the pictograms were interpreted at least in close proximity to their real meaning. Therefore, the methodology utilized was considered efficient and the pictograms are adequate to transmit complex information trough a simple form.