Analisando o potencial risco de contaminação das águas devido à falta de planejamento e de gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos, o trabalho desenvolvido, intitulado PLANO DIRETOR DE DRENAGEM URBANA EM CIDADES PLANEJADAS: Premissa de Zoneamento Baseado no Risco de Contaminação da Água Subterrânea, propõe que os Planos Diretores Municipais sejam elaborados visando à preservação quali-quantitativa não somente das águas superficiais, mas também das subterrâneas. Para isso, a pesquisa sugere técnicas de zoneamento urbano e adoção de alternativas de Drenagem BMPs (Best Management Practices) baseadas no risco de contaminação das águas subterrâneas, apresentadas como premissa na elaboração de Planos Diretores de Drenagem Urbana para cidades planejadas. Assim, o zoneamento de áreas urbanas foi analisado de forma a minimizar a contaminação de aquíferos, tanto pelo uso direto, quanto pela poluição difusa provocada pela precipitação. Servindo, de tal modo, como premissa na determinação das alternativas estruturais e não-estruturais a serem adotadas, principalmente quanto à adoção de dispositivos de drenagem com infiltração no solo. A análise integrada do mapa de vulnerabilidade existente (CPRM, 2001) com o Mapa de Fontes Potenciais de Contaminação, desenvolvido a partir do zoneamento urbano vigente, subsidiou a elaboração do Mapa de Zoneamento Baseados no Risco à Contaminação de Águas Subterrâneas. Este, por sua vez, deu base à elaboração do Mapa de Restrição às Soluções de Drenagem com Infiltração no Solo, que analisado juntamente com os critérios de escolha das medidas de controle na fonte definidos por São Paulo (2012c), deu origem ao Mapa de Implantação de Técnicas de Controle na Fonte. Neste estudo, a cidade de Palmas, capital do estado do Tocantins, é adotada como estudo de caso. A cidade surgiu em uma época em que o conceito de sustentabilidade estava em foco, contudo ela parece seguir os mesmos processos de desenvolvimento dos grandes centros urbanos, onde a urbanização não prevê impactos ambientais negativos e o adequado, portanto, pretende-se indicar soluções de drenagem adequadas para a cidade em desenvolvimento. / Analyzing the potential risk of water contamination due to the lack of planning and integrated management of water resources, the ongoing study, URBAN DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN FOR PLANNED CITIES: Zoning Premise Based on Risk of Groundwater Contamination, suggests that the Municipal Master Plans are proposed to be developed aiming to preserve the quality and the amount not only of surface waters but also groundwater. The study intends to approach techniques of urban zoning based on the risk of groundwater contamination as a premise in the development of urban Drainage Master Plans for planned cities. Thus, this study analyzes zoning techniques and the adoption of alternative drainage BMPs (Best Management Practices) based on the risk of groundwater contamination as a premise in the development of Urban Drainage Master Plans for planned cities. For this, the zoning of urban areas is analyzed in order to minimize the contamination of aquifers, by direct use and by diffuse pollution. Serving as a premise in the determination of structural and nonstructural alternatives to be taken, especially regarding the adoption of drainage devices with soil infiltration. The integrated analysis of the maps gave rise to the Map of Implementation of BMPs. The Brazil capital\'s newest came at a time when the concept of sustainability was in focus, nevertheless it seems to follow the same processes of development of major urban centers. Being a city in full development and urbanization of areas contained in its master plan, it is intended to contribute to the elaboration of master plans of the city.

Analisando o potencial risco de contaminação das águas devido à falta de planejamento e de gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos, o trabalho desenvolvido, intitulado PLANO DIRETOR DE DRENAGEM URBANA EM CIDADES PLANEJADAS: Premissa de Zoneamento Baseado no Risco de Contaminação da Água Subterrânea, propõe que os Planos Diretores Municipais sejam elaborados visando à preservação quali-quantitativa não somente das águas superficiais, mas também das subterrâneas. Para isso, a pesquisa sugere técnicas de zoneamento urbano e adoção de alternativas de Drenagem BMPs (Best Management Practices) baseadas no risco de contaminação das águas subterrâneas, apresentadas como premissa na elaboração de Planos Diretores de Drenagem Urbana para cidades planejadas. Assim, o zoneamento de áreas urbanas foi analisado de forma a minimizar a contaminação de aquíferos, tanto pelo uso direto, quanto pela poluição difusa provocada pela precipitação. Servindo, de tal modo, como premissa na determinação das alternativas estruturais e não-estruturais a serem adotadas, principalmente quanto à adoção de dispositivos de drenagem com infiltração no solo. A análise integrada do mapa de vulnerabilidade existente (CPRM, 2001) com o Mapa de Fontes Potenciais de Contaminação, desenvolvido a partir do zoneamento urbano vigente, subsidiou a elaboração do Mapa de Zoneamento Baseados no Risco à Contaminação de Águas Subterrâneas. Este, por sua vez, deu base à elaboração do Mapa de Restrição às Soluções de Drenagem com Infiltração no Solo, que analisado juntamente com os critérios de escolha das medidas de controle na fonte definidos por São Paulo (2012c), deu origem ao Mapa de Implantação de Técnicas de Controle na Fonte. Neste estudo, a cidade de Palmas, capital do estado do Tocantins, é adotada como estudo de caso. A cidade surgiu em uma época em que o conceito de sustentabilidade estava em foco, contudo ela parece seguir os mesmos processos de desenvolvimento dos grandes centros urbanos, onde a urbanização não prevê impactos ambientais negativos e o adequado, portanto, pretende-se indicar soluções de drenagem adequadas para a cidade em desenvolvimento. / Analyzing the potential risk of water contamination due to the lack of planning and integrated management of water resources, the ongoing study, URBAN DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN FOR PLANNED CITIES: Zoning Premise Based on Risk of Groundwater Contamination, suggests that the Municipal Master Plans are proposed to be developed aiming to preserve the quality and the amount not only of surface waters but also groundwater. The study intends to approach techniques of urban zoning based on the risk of groundwater contamination as a premise in the development of urban Drainage Master Plans for planned cities. Thus, this study analyzes zoning techniques and the adoption of alternative drainage BMPs (Best Management Practices) based on the risk of groundwater contamination as a premise in the development of Urban Drainage Master Plans for planned cities. For this, the zoning of urban areas is analyzed in order to minimize the contamination of aquifers, by direct use and by diffuse pollution. Serving as a premise in the determination of structural and nonstructural alternatives to be taken, especially regarding the adoption of drainage devices with soil infiltration. The integrated analysis of the maps gave rise to the Map of Implementation of BMPs. The Brazil capital\'s newest came at a time when the concept of sustainability was in focus, nevertheless it seems to follow the same processes of development of major urban centers. Being a city in full development and urbanization of areas contained in its master plan, it is intended to contribute to the elaboration of master plans of the city.

Much is known about natural attenuation of contaminants in granular aquifers because many contaminant plumes in these aquifers have been intensively monitored with detailed sampling along cross sections positioned across the plumes (i. e. transects). However, little is known about natural attenuation of contaminant plumes in fractured rock. In this thesis study, strong natural attenuation of a persistent co-mingled plume of trichloroethylene (TCE) and an herbicide (metolachlor) in a 100 <em>m</em> thick dolostone aquifer used for municipal water supply in Cambridge, Ontario is shown based on detailed delineation of groundwater contaminant concentrations along a single transect located 150 <em>m</em> downgradient from the area where the metolachlor entered the dolostone and 300 <em>m</em> downgradient from the TCE source area. This delineation was accomplished using depth-discrete, multilevel groundwater monitoring systems in five cored holes and detailed analyses of contaminant concentration in rock cores. The maximum metolachlor concentration on the transect is a factor of 20 below the maximum concentration in the metolachlor source area and the maximum TCE concentration on the transect is lower by a factor of 100 from the TCE source area. <br /><br /> Matrix diffusion and strong temporal variability of the groundwater flow system caused by pumping of nearby municipal wells have likely caused strong natural attenuation of metolachlor and TCE and degradation has likely contributed to even stronger TCE attenuation. The transect shows rock core concentrations much higher than the groundwater concentrations in the multilevel systems at the same locations and in the conventional monitoring wells, which indicates that plume persistence is likely maintained by back diffusion from the rock matrix, which has very low hydraulic conductivity but substantial porosity, into the active groundwater flow in the fractures. <br /><br /> Metolachlor has been observed at very low concentrations and has persisted at these concentrations in the nearest municipal pumping well located approximately 780 <em>m</em> downgradient of the transect, however this well shows no detectable TCE. The relatively low concentrations along the transect and the replenishment of the plume by back diffusion suggests that a substantial increase of metolachlor or TCE in the municipal well is unlikely.

Much is known about natural attenuation of contaminants in granular aquifers because many contaminant plumes in these aquifers have been intensively monitored with detailed sampling along cross sections positioned across the plumes (i. e. transects). However, little is known about natural attenuation of contaminant plumes in fractured rock. In this thesis study, strong natural attenuation of a persistent co-mingled plume of trichloroethylene (TCE) and an herbicide (metolachlor) in a 100 <em>m</em> thick dolostone aquifer used for municipal water supply in Cambridge, Ontario is shown based on detailed delineation of groundwater contaminant concentrations along a single transect located 150 <em>m</em> downgradient from the area where the metolachlor entered the dolostone and 300 <em>m</em> downgradient from the TCE source area. This delineation was accomplished using depth-discrete, multilevel groundwater monitoring systems in five cored holes and detailed analyses of contaminant concentration in rock cores. The maximum metolachlor concentration on the transect is a factor of 20 below the maximum concentration in the metolachlor source area and the maximum TCE concentration on the transect is lower by a factor of 100 from the TCE source area. <br /><br /> Matrix diffusion and strong temporal variability of the groundwater flow system caused by pumping of nearby municipal wells have likely caused strong natural attenuation of metolachlor and TCE and degradation has likely contributed to even stronger TCE attenuation. The transect shows rock core concentrations much higher than the groundwater concentrations in the multilevel systems at the same locations and in the conventional monitoring wells, which indicates that plume persistence is likely maintained by back diffusion from the rock matrix, which has very low hydraulic conductivity but substantial porosity, into the active groundwater flow in the fractures. <br /><br /> Metolachlor has been observed at very low concentrations and has persisted at these concentrations in the nearest municipal pumping well located approximately 780 <em>m</em> downgradient of the transect, however this well shows no detectable TCE. The relatively low concentrations along the transect and the replenishment of the plume by back diffusion suggests that a substantial increase of metolachlor or TCE in the municipal well is unlikely.

The industrial solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) and petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., fuel oil) are among the most ubiquitous organic compounds found in subsurface contaminated environment. The developed treatment train system included the first stage of groundwater and surfactant flushing followed by the second stage of chemical oxidation such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and Fenton-like treatment. The third stage was the application of enhanced bioremediation for the further removal of residual contaminants after the first two treatment processes. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the applicability of treatment train system for the remediation of organic compounds contaminated subsurface environment, (2) determine the optimal operational conditions of the three-stage treatment system, and (3) evaluate the effects of residual surfactant Simple GreenTM (SG) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after chemical oxidation stage on the efficiency of bioremediation process. In this study, three different surfactants [SG, Triton X-100, and Tween 80] were evaluated in batch experiments for their feasibility on contaminants removal. Results from the surfactant biodegradation and microbial enumeration study indicate that SG was more biodegradable and was able to enhance the microbial activity of the intrinsic microorganisms. Thus, SG was applied in the following batch or column experiments of the treatment train system. Results from this study indicate that approximately 87.6% of TCE in the system (with initial concentration of 40 mg L-1) could be removed from the simulated dense non-aqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) system after groundwater flushing followed by biodegradable surfactant (1 g L-1 of SG) flushing, while the TCE concentrations dropped from 40 to 4.96 mg L-1 at the end of the flushing experiment. Moreover, approximately 10.7% of the remaining TCE could be removed from the system after the oxidation process using KMnO4 as the oxidant. Results from the oxidation process show that TCE was reduced from 4.96 to 0.69 mg L-1, and chloride concentation was increased from ND to 0.88 mg L-1 with the presence of 1 g L-1 of SG. The residual 1.7% of the TCE could be further remediated via the enhanced bioremediation stage, and the TCE concentrations dropped from 0.69 mg L-1 to below detection limit at the end of the bioremediation experiment. Results also indicate that the remaining KMnO4 had no significant inhibition on bacterial growth and TCE biodegradation. Thus, SG flushing and KMnO4 oxidation would not cause adverse effect on subsequent bioremediation process using intrinsic bacteria. Thus, complete TCE remediation was observed in this study using the three-stage treatment scheme. Results from the column experiment reveal that a complete TPH removal could be obtained after the application of three consecutive treatment processes. Results show that TPH concentration could be reduced from 50,000 mg kg-1 to below detection limit. This indicates that the treatment train system is a promising technology to remediate fuel-oil contaminated soils. Results from the column study indicate that approximate 80.3% of initial TPH in the soil could be removed after the SG [50 pore volumes (PVs)] followed by groundwater (30 PVs) flushing. The Fenton-like oxidation (with 6% of H2O2 addition) was able to remove another 15.0% of TPH. The observed first-order reaction rate constant of TPH oxidation was 2.74¡Ñ10-2 min-1, and the half-life was 25.3 min during the first 40 min of reaction. The residual 4.7% of the TPH could be further remediated via the aerobic bioremediation process. Thus, complete TPH removal was obtained in this study using the three-stage treatment scheme. The proposed treatment train system would be expected to provide a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to remediate chlorinated solvent and petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated sites.

The research project was formulated to solve serious environmental and possible public health problems in rural and regional areas caused by the common failure of soil disposal systems used for application of effluent from on-site domestic sewage treatment systems. On-site sewage treatment systems adopt a treatment train approach with the associated soil disposal area playing a crucial role. The most common on-site sewage treatment system that is used is the conventional septic tank and subsurface effluent disposal system. The subsurface effluent disposal area is given high priority by regulatory authorities due to the significant environmental and public health impacts that can result from their failure. There is generally very poor householder maintenance of the treatment system and this is compounded by the failure of the effluent disposal area resulting in unacceptable surface and groundwater contamination. This underlies the vital importance of employing reliable science-based site suitability assessment techniques for effluent disposal. The research undertaken investigated the role of soil physico-chemical characteristics influencing the behaviour of effluent disposal areas. The study was conducted within the Logan City Council area, Queensland State, Australia. About 50% of the Logan region is unsewered and the common type of on-site sewage treatment used is a septic tank with subsurface effluent disposal area. The work undertaken consisted of extensive field investigations, soil sampling and testing, laboratory studies and extensive data analysis. In the field study, forty-eight sites were investigated for their effluent application suitability. The sites were evaluated based on the soil physico-chemical characteristics. The field investigation indicated that there were nine soil orders in the study area. These soil orders were Dermosols, Chromosols, Kandosols, Kurosols, Vertosols, Sodosols, Tenosols, Rudosols and Anthrosols. The soils in all the investigated sites were acidic soils in the pH range between 5 and 6.5. The complexity of the large data matrix obtained from the analysis was overcome by multivariate analytical methods to assist in evaluating the soils' ability to treat effluent and to understand the importance of various parameters. The analytical methods selected to serve this purpose were PROMETHEE and GAIA. The analysis indicated that the most suitable soils for effluent renovation are the Kandosols whilst the most unsatisfactory soil order was found to be Podosol. The GAIA analysis was in agreement with quantitative analysis conducted earlier. An extensive laboratory column study lasting almost one year was undertaken to validate the results of the data analysis from the field investigation. The main objectives of this experiment were to examine the soil behaviour under practical effluent application and to investigate the long-term acceptance rate for these soils. Twelve representative soils were selected for the column experiment from the previously investigated sites and undisturbed soil cores were collected for this purpose. The results from the column study matched closely with the evaluation conducted at the earlier stages of the research. Soil physico-chemical analysis before and after effluent application indicated that the soils' acidity was improved toward neutrality after effluent application. The results indicated that soils have a greater ability to handle phosphorus than nitrogen. The most favorable cation exchange capacity for soils to treat and transmit effluent was between 15 and 40 meq/100g. Based on the results of the column study, the long-term acceptance rate (LTAR) was determined for the investigated twelve soil types. Eleven out of twelve soils reported specific LTAR values between 0.18-0.22 cm/day. For the duration of the laboratory study, the Podosol order did not reach its LTAR value due to the extremely sandy nature of the soil. The time required to achieve LTAR varied between different soils from 40 to 330 days. The outcomes of this research was integrated into a soil suitability map for on-site sewage treatment systems for Logan City Council. This will assist the authorities in providing sustainable solutions for on-site systems failure.

Orientador: Célia Regina Lopes Zimback / Coorientador: Claudio Aparecido Spadotto / Banca: Antonio Evaldo Klar / Banca:Osmar Delmanto Júnior / Resumo: O uso inadequado de defensivos agrícolas pode levar a impactos ambientais relevantes, como a contaminação de diversos compartimentos ambientais, sendo os mais vulneráveis, os compartimentos aquáticos. Nesse contexto, a espacialização das estimativas de concentração de defensivos agrícolas na água subterrânea fornece importantes subsídios para a tomada de decisão no gerenciamento e monitoramento do uso de defensivos agrícolas. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo espacializar as estimativas de contaminação de águas subterrâneas por defensivos agrícolas, considerando diferentes lâminas de irrigação na Bacia do Rio Pardo, Pardinho-SP. As simulações realizadas com o sistema computacional ARAquá foram realizadas considerando quatro defensivos agrícolas e cinco lâminas de irrigação. Técnicas geoestatísticas foram utilizadas em conjunto com as simulações para obter a espacialização dessas estimativas. Foram obtidos os mapas das estimativas de concentração de defensivos agrícolas na água subterrânea pelo método de interpolação por krigagem, sendo que estes indicaram as áreas com maior potencial de contaminação da água subterrânea. Considerando todas as simulações pode-se concluir que não houve risco de contaminação da água subterrânea por defensivos agrícolas e que as maiores concentrações foram obtidas considerando uma lâmina de irrigação anual de 400 mm. As simulações estimaram que as áreas com maior potencial de contaminação da água subterrânea foram as mais próximas da rede drenagem da Bacia do Rio Pardo. As técnicas de geoestatística contribuíram fortemente para a espacialização das estimativas de concentração de defensivos agrícolas na água subterrânea, por meio da análise dos variogramas e dos mapas gerados pela interpolação por krigagem / Abstract: Improper use of pesticides can lead to significant environmental impacts such as contamination of environmental compartments, the most vulnerable, the aquatic compartments. In this context, the spatialization of the estimating concentrations of pesticides in groundwater provides important insights for decision making in managing and monitoring of the use of pesticides. Thus, this study aimed to spatialize the estimating of groundwater contamination by pesticides, with different irrigation blades in the Rio Pardo basin, Pardinho-SP. The simulations were performed with the computer system ARAquá considering four pesticides and five irrigation blades. Geostatistical techniques were used in conjunction with the simulations to obtain the spatial distribution of the estimating. The maps of the estimating concentration of pesticides in groundwater were obtained by Kriging interpolation method, and these indicate the areas with greatest potential for groundwater contamination. Considering all the simulations can be concluded that there was no risk of groundwater contamination by pesticides and that the highest concentrations were obtained considering an anual irrigation blade of 400 mm. The simulations have estimated that the areas with greatest potential for groundwater contamination were the closest to the drainage network of the Rio Pardo basin. Geostatistical techniques have contributed greatly to the estimates of spatial concentration of pesticides in ground water, through the analysis of variograms and maps generated by Kriging interpolation / Mestre

Orientador: Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira / Em anexo 1 mapa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Escada_DeniseCristinadosSantos_M.pdf: 6969176 bytes, checksum: fc5c9cf596607af6b96c9321ebaf40a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O intenso crescimento da ocupação territorial no município de Cajamar (SP), inserido na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), e a ocupação desordenada da região têm gerado perigo à contaminação das águas subterrâneas do município. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver um mapa da vulnerabilidade e perigo à contaminação dessas águas, através da aplicação do método GOD (Groundwater ocurrence, Overall aquifer class, Depth to groundwater table), com adaptações para uso na região em estudo, bem como com a análise de possíveis cargas contaminantes por tipologias. Para a vulnerabilidade, o procedimento utilizado foi a análise dos mapas do município em estudo, com a interpolação das informações, definindo os diferentes níveis de vulnerabilidade natural. Já para a análise do perigo à contaminação da área em estudo o procedimento adotado consistiu em associar as condições da vulnerabilidade natural com o diagnóstico de três variáveis: porte dos empreendimentos; situação dos mesmos junto à CETESB; e as estruturas de prevenção à contaminação de cada empreendimento analisado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, identificou-se vulnerabilidade de baixa à extrema, com predominância de vulnerabilidade moderada (devido a formação geológica predominante de xistos e filitos). Entretanto, também foram observados níveis consideráveis de vulnerabilidade alta (nas áreas de sedimentos quaternários e terciários da FM SP e correlatos) e extrema (nas áreas com ocorrências de calcário). Dos empreendimentos analisados, constatou-se que 42,62% encontram-se em áreas de vulnerabilidade média, 21,31% em áreas de vulnerabilidade alta e 36,06% em áreas de vulnerabilidade extrema. Com relação ao perigo que estes empreendimentos representam à qualidade das águas subterrâneas, averiguou-se que 1,64% apresentam perigo muito baixo, 1,64% baixo, 31,15% moderado, 54,10% perigo alto, e 11,47% perigo extremo à contaminação. A análise do perigo à contaminação contempla 14 postos de combustíveis, dos quais 3 apresentam perigo moderado e 11 perigo alto; 4 mineradoras, 3 apresentando perigo alto e 1 perigo moderado; 11 lavanderias industriais, 6 apresentando perigo moderado e 5 perigo alto; 6 mecânicas, 3 apresentando perigo alto e 3 perigo extremo; 2 transportadoras de cargas, ambas apresentando perigo extremo; 1 pátio de ônibus e caminhões, que apresenta perigo extremo; 23 indústrias, 1 apresenta perigo muito baixo, 1 perigo baixo, 9 perigo moderado, 11 perigo alto e 1 perigo extremo; e 1 cemitério, que apresenta perigo extremo. / Abstract: The fast urban growth occurring in Cajamar city (SP), which belongs to São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR), and an unplanned land use from this region had generated contamination riskS for groundwater. This document has the objective to develop a vulnerability and risk map for the groundwater contamination using the GOD method (Groundwater ocurrence, Overall aquifer class, Depth to groundwater table), WITH adaptations for the region observed, as well as to analyze potential contamination loads caused by activities typologies. For vulnerability, the procedure utilized was to interpolate maps (aquifer classification, geology and drenage density, springs density and water levels), defining the different levels of natural vulnerability. To analyze the contamination risk for the study area, the adopted procedures consist to associate the natural vulnerability with the diagnostics from three variables: the company size, the environmental license status on CETESB and the prevention methods to avoid contamination from the groundwater by each company analyzed. According to the results, a low to severe range of vulnerability was identified, with prevalence to moderate vulnerability (with prevalence of schist and phyllites due to geological formation), however levels of HIGH vulnerability (areas with tertiary and quaternary sediments from SP FM and correlated) and severe (on karstic areas) were observed. On the companies analyzed, were observed that 42.62% had an moderate vulnerability, 21.31% high vulnerability and 36.06% severe vulnerability. The risk that these companies COULD represent for the quality of groundwater was classified as 1.64% represents a very low risk, 1.64% represents a low risk, 31.1% represents a moderate risk, 54% represents a high risk and 11.4% represent a severe risk of contamination. 14 gas stations presented from moderate risk (3 units) to high risk (11 units); 4 mining companies, from moderate risk (3) to high risk (1); in 11 industrial laundry there were 6 classified in moderate risk and 5 high risk; 6 car shop, from 3 presented high risk to 3 severe risk; 2 cargo companies that presented high severe risk (both); 1 bus and truck parking lot that had presented a severe risk; in 23 industries, 1 had presented a very low risk, 1 a low risk, 9 moderate risk, 11 high risk and 1 a severe risk; and 1 cemetery had presented a severe risk. / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências

This master's thesis is focused on remediation of groundwater polluted by chlorinated ethenes with a use of nanoiron particles. Three injections of different types of nanoiron were carried out in the contaminated area of Spolchemie a.s. company in Ústí nad Labem. The main aim of the thesis was to compare effectiveness of those three applications. The remediation of groundwater was done by direct- push injection of suspension of nanoscale zero-valent iron. After that a monitoring of groundwater level and physicochemical parameters was performed. Samples of groundwater were collected during the monitoring and were analysed for contaminants and products of dechlorination. It was discovered that NANOFER STAR nanoiron had the strongest influence on reductive dechlorination. This was reflected by concentration decrease of TCE by 84 %, VC by 60 % and total concentration of CHC by 39 % in the period three months after the injection and the increase of degradation products of chlorinated ethenes. Injections of conservative tracers potassium bromide and lithium chloride served as a criterion for differentiation between the process of dechlorination and simple dilution effect. The effectiveness of NZVI-C3 nanoiron and NANOFER STAR with CMC nanoiron were notably lower than the bare NANOFER STAR nanoiron. In...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第18487号 / 地環博第121号 / 新制||地環||25(附属図書館) / 31365 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 勝見 武, 准教授 田中 周平, 准教授 乾 徹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM