Sous le titre Séville dans les guides de voyage français et espagnols (XIX-XXe siècles), la thèse se propose d'analyser l'image de la capitale andalouse dans un corpus générique peu étudié, celui des guides de voyage, depuis leur émergence moderne jusqu'à l'avènement du tourisme de masse. La première partie de la thèse s’attache à analyser comment les relations politiques et culturelles franco-espagnoles ont façonné une ou des images de l'Espagne qui varient au cours de la période étudiée, de la « légende noire » (1700-1823) à la « légende rose » (1905-1962) en passant par la « légende rouge » (1823-1905), période à laquelle s’affirme le genre du guide de voyage. La deuxième partie montrera qu’en tant que vecteurs de diverses représentations temporelles, spatiales, historiques, artistiques, sociales, humaines, les guides sont des sources idéales pour l’histoire culturelle. Contrairement aux idées reçues, il n’existe pas de modèle unique de guide : nous en proposerons une classification. Enfin, la richesse du corpus exploré permet de montrer, dans une troisième partie, que les diverses formes que le guide adopte agissent sur la perception de la réalité et sur les représentations, en s'appropriant certains concepts tels que le pittoresque ou l'exotisme, et surtout en reprenant ou en réfutant les images stéréotypées d'une Espagne « fanfare et tambourin », selon l'expression du poète Antonio Machado. À ce double titre, l'examen des regards croisés que véhiculent les guides constitue une approche nouvelle de la question des relations entre la France et l'Espagne, en même temps qu'un point de départ fécond pour aborder la construction d’un discours sur le couple notionnel identité / altérité. La thèse s’intéresse à ces concepts par le biais de l’étude du patrimoine bâti et vivant, des relations entre l’auteur du guide et son lecteur ainsi qu’au travers de la lecture de l’Histoire dans le corpus convoqué. Mots clés : Histoire culturelle, Espagne, XIXe et XXe siècles, voyage, tourisme, guide de voyage, Séville, stéréotype, image. / Entitled Séville dans les guides de voyage français et espagnols (XIX-XXe siècles) [Seville in French and Spanish Travel Guides (XIXth-XXth centuries)], this dissertation intends to analyze the image of the Andalusian capital in the barely studied corpus of travel guides, from their emergence in the modern times until the dawn of mass tourism. The first part is meant to study how Franco-Spanish political and cultural relations shaped one—or more—picture(s) of Spain that varied from the “Black Legend” (1700-1823) to the “Red Legend” (1823-1905)—when travel guides were established as a genre—to the “Pink Legend” (1905-1962). The second part shows that guides, as vehicles of various temporal, spatial, historical, artistic, social and human representations, are ideal sources for cultural historians. Contrary to common beliefs, there is no single pattern for travel guides and this work intends to classify them. In the third part, the richness of the sources enables us to show that by appropriating such concepts as the picturesque or the exotic for example, but mostly by taking up or refuting stereotypes such as that of Spain as all “fanfare and tambourine”—in poet Antonio Machado’s words—, the varied forms adopted by guides have an influence on our perception of reality and on our representations. Thus the examination of the intersecting perspectives provided by guides constitutes a new approach to the relations between France and Spain and a fruitful starting point to tackle the construction of a discourse on the dialectics of identity and alterity. These concepts are explored through the study of built and living heritages, of the relations between the guides’ authors and their readers but also through the reading of History in the studied corpus.Key words: Cultural history, Spain, XIXth and XXth centuries, travel, tourism, travel guide, Seville, stereotypes, image. / Bajo el título Sevilla en las guías de viaje francesas y españolas (siglos XIX-XX), la tesis propone analizar la imagen de la capital de Andalucía en el corpus genérico poco estudiado de las guías de viaje, desde su emergencia moderna hasta el advenimiento del turismo de masas. La primera parte de la tesis muestra como las relaciones políticas y culturales franco-españolas crearon una o varias imágenes de España que variaron a lo largo del periodo estudiado, desde la « leyenda negra » (1700-1823) hasta la « leyenda rosa » (1905-1962), pasando por la « leyenda roja » (1823-1905), periodo durante el cual el género de la guía de viaje se afirma. La segunda parte considerará las guías como unas fuentes ideales para la historia cultural ya que se pueden apreciar como vectores de diversas representaciones temporales, espaciales, históricas, artísticas, sociales, humanas. En efecto, a pesar de las ideas preconcebidas al respecto, no existe un único modelo de guía: podemos establecer una clasificación. Por fin, la riqueza del corpus estudiado permite mostrar, en una tercera parte, que las diferentes formas que la guía puede adoptar actúan sobre la percepción de la realidad y sobre las representaciones, apropiándose conceptos como lo pintoresco y lo exótico, y sobre todo utilizando o desmintiendo las imágenes estereotipadas de una España « de charanga y pandereta », según la expresión del poeta Antonio Machado. Por este doble motivo, el examen de las miradas cruzadas constituye un acercamiento nuevo para explicar las relaciones entre Francia y España, y a la vez un punto de partida fecundo para abordar la construcción de un discurso acerca de la pareja nocional identidad/alteridad. Estos conceptos reivindican su presencia en la tesis mediante el tratamiento del patrimonio arquitectural y vivo, la relación entre autor y lector de guía, así como mediante la lectura de la Historia en nuestro corpus.

CNPq, Capes e FINEP / Este trabalho descreve a produção e caracterização de guias de onda óticos em cristal de fluoreto de lítio (LiF) produzidos expondo o cristal a um feixe focalizado de um laser de femtosegundo, com o deslocamento do cristal na direção perpendicular ao eixo de propagação do feixe. A medida da emissão, sob iluminação específica, demonstra a presença de centros de cor dos tipos F2 e F3+ nas regiões do cristal expostas ao feixe focalizado do laser. As estruturas produzidas possuem incremento do índice de refração em relação ao índice de refração do cristal. Tais estruturas são caracterizadas em termos da sua morfologia usando microscopia convencional e confocal. A capacidade de guiamento de luz é investigada acoplando fontes laser com diferentes comprimentos de ondas. Os modos suportados são também analisados, bem como as perdas na propagação. A produção de guias de ondas de Bragg é testada acoplando uma fonte de luz branca e comparando seu espectro com o espectro que passa somente pelo cristal. A capacidade de guiamento das estruturas produzidas é confirmada pela análise dos perfis de campo próximo. Os guias suportam poucos modos e os incrementos de índices obtidos são da ordem de 10^-4. / This work describes the production and characterization of optical waveguides in lithium fluoride crystal (LiF) produced by exposing the crystal to a focused femtosecond laser beam, with the crystal displacement perpendicular to the beam. The measured emissions, with specific illumination, demonstrate the presence of color centers of types F2 and F+3 at the crystal regions exposed to the focused laser beam. The produced structures have increased refractive index relative to the crystal refraction index. Such structures are characterized in terms of their morphology using conventional and confocal microscopy. Their ability to guide light is investigated through coupling different laser light. The propagation modes supported by the guides are also estimated, as well as the propagation losses. The production of a Bragg grating waveguide is locked for by coupling a white light in the guides and comparing its spectrum with that passing only through the crystal. The guiding capacity of the structural changes produced is confirmed by the near-field profile analysis. The guides support few propagation modes and the obtained changes in the refractive index are in the order of 10^-4.

Le but de cette thèse est de développer les outils numériques et semi-analytiques qui nous permettent d’étudier des guides non-linéaires complexes et réalistes qui pourraient être fabriqués et caractérisés expérimentalement.Nous présentons une étude complète d’une version améliorée du guide d’onde plasmonique non-linéaire à une dimension, en ajoutant deux couches tampons de diélectrique linéaire entre le cœur non-linéaire isotrope et les deux gaines métalliques. Ses couches réduisent les pertes et permettent leur diminution avec la puissance contrairement aux guides simples. De plus, les principaux modes plasmoniques non-linéaires peuvent présenter une transition spatiale vers des modes de types différents, qui peut être contrôlée par la puissance.Par la suite, nous étudions un nouveau guide plasmonique non-linéaire à fente utilisant un métamatériau, soit dans le cœur non-linéaire soit dans les gaines linéaires. Nous avons mis au point une méthode semi-analytique et une méthode numérique afin d’étudier les solutions stationnaires non-linéaires dans ce nouveau guide non-linéaire anisotrope. Nous avons montré analytiquement et numériquement que le cœur non-linéaire anisotrope peut être conçu afin d’atteindre de forts effets non-linéaires à faible puissance. Pour certains métamatériaux dans les gaines linéaires, la figure de mérite de ce guide d’onde augmente de plus de 50 fois par rapport aux guides isotropes.Pour conclure, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode basée sur la méthode des éléments finis de type vectoriel couplée à l’algorithme à puissance fixée pouvant calculer rigoureusement les effets non-linéaires dans des guides d’onde plasmoniques 2D. / The main goal of this PhD is to develop the semi-analytical and the numerical tools that allow us to study complicated and realistic nonlinear plasmonic waveguides which can be fabricated and characterized experimentally.First, we present a full study of an improved version of the one-dimensional nonlinear plasmonic slot waveguide, by adding two linear dielectric buffer layers between the isotropic nonlinear core and the two metal claddings. These additional layers reduce the overall losses and allow the losses to decrease with the power for some configurations unlike the usual slot. Furthermore, the main plasmonic modes can exhibit nonlinear spatial modal transitions towards new families of modes that can be controlled with the power.Second, we propose and study new one-dimensional nonlinear plasmonic slot waveguides with metamaterial regions either in the nonlinear core or in the linear claddings. For the metamaterial nonlinear core, we developed semi-analytical and fully numerical methods in order to study the nonlinear stationary solutions propagating in this anisotropic nonlinear waveguide. We have demonstrated both analytically and numerically that the anisotropic nonlinear core can be designed in order to achieve strong nonlinear effects at low power.For the structures with metamaterial linear claddings, the figure of merit can be extremely enhanced by more than 50 times compared with the simple one. Finally, we present the full derivation of a new nonlinear full vectorial finite element method based on the fixed power algorithm in order to quantify rigorously the nonlinear characteristics of realistic two-dimensional nonlinear plasmonic structures.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions les propriétés d'ondes stationnaires dans des structures composées d'une couche diélectrique nonlinéaire de type Kerr et des couches métalliques et diélectriques linéaires. Nous élaborons différents modèles pour étudier les propriétées de plasmons-solitons dans deux types de structures : (i) une région diélectrique nonlinéaire semi-infinie, des couches de métal et de diélectrique linéaires et (ii) une couche de diélectrique nonlinéaire d'épaisseur finie entre deux régions métalliques (guide d'onde métallique à coeur nonlinéaire). Pour le premier type de structures, nous montrons qu'en utilisant une structure à quatre couches, il est possible d'obtenir des plasmons-solitons de basses puissance. Pour des guides d'onde métalliques à coeur nonlinéaire, nous trouvons de modes d'ordres supérieurs. Pour certains des modes symétriques, nous observons une bifurcation par brisure de symétrie donnant naissance à des modes asymétriques dans une structure symétrique. / In this PhD thesis, we study the properties of stationary transverse magnetic polarized waves in structures composed of a Kerr-type nonlinear dielectric layer, metal and linear dielectric layers. We develop several models to study the properties of plasmon-soliton waves in two types of structures: a semi-infinite nonlinear dielectric in contact with metal and linear dielectric layers and a finite-size nonlinear dielectric layer sandwiched between two metal regions (nonlinear slot waveguide). Our models allow us to compute the nonlinear dispersion relations and the corresponding field profiles. For the first type of structure, we prove that using the four-layer structures that we propose, it is possible to obtain plasmon-soliton waves at the power levels. For nonlinear slot waveguide structures, we discover the existence of new, higher order modes. For some of the symmetric modes, we observe a symmetry breaking bifurcation giving birth to asymmetric modes in symmetric structure.

The primary purpose of the project is to develop a web site where students can practice entry level mathematics questions.

Depuis leur émergence au milieu du XIXe siècle, les notes de programme, contenant des informations parfois détaillées sur les œuvres qui s’apprêtent à être jouées, n’ont eu de cesse de s’adresser au public de concerts. Les besoins sont multiples, voire même divergents : donner des outils de compréhension intelligibles aux novices, qui découvrent la musique de compositeurs du passé ou de compositeurs actuels, et en même temps susciter la curiosité d’auditeurs déjà initiés, qui approfondissent ainsi leurs connaissances et leur culture personnelle. Il en va des notes de programme comme d’autres outils de vulgarisation musicale, partagés entre la volonté de rendre la musique classique accessible à tous et le devoir de rigueur musicologique auquel les connaisseurs sont en droit de s’attendre. Dans cette thèse, nous allions la théorie à la pratique. Outre les résultats d’une enquête réalisée en octobre 2017 dans le cadre de trois concerts produits par l’Orchestre symphonique de Montréal (ci-après, OSM) et qui porte notamment sur l’appréciation des notes de programme, nous présentons une série de courtes vidéos de vulgarisation que nous avons préparée pour l’OSM, au cours de la saison 2015-2016. La réalisation de ces nouveaux outils numériques s’appuie sur l’analyse d’un vaste corpus de notes de programme dont nous avons dégagé les tendances et les cas plus particuliers. Des résultats que nous avons obtenus, il ressort que le public de l’OSM, loin d’être homogène, est formé d’auditeurs aux attentes très diverses. Pour beaucoup, les notes de programme sont jugées adaptées à la situation du concert, mais elles génèrent aussi des réactions critiques : trop détaillées pour certains, ou bien pas assez approfondies pour d’autres. Bien qu’ils aient acquis des formations et des connaissances musicales diverses, les membres du public semblent du moins s’accorder sur leur intérêt pour la musique, expliquée par l’analyste. C’est à cet intérêt, correspondant aussi aux exigences de la discipline musicologique, que les notes de programme viennent répondre. La question reste de savoir comment décrire l’objet musical afin de répondre aux besoins de chacun. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à proposer une solution. / Since their appearance in the mid-nineteenth century, program notes, sometimes containing detailed information on the works that are about to be performed, have continued to meet audiences needs during concerts. They respond to a wide range of needs: providing intelligible comprehension tools for laymen and laywomen, who discover the music of the past and of the present, while arousing the curiosity of well-accustomed listeners, who increase their knowledge and cultivation. This goes for program notes as well as other music appreciation tools, torn between the desire to make classical music accessible to all and, on the other hand, the rigorous approach to musicology that is expected from connoisseurs. In this thesis, we combine both theory and practice. In addition to an inquiry, conducted in October 2017 as part of three concert nights at the Orchestre symphonique de Montréal (hereafter, OSM) – an inquiry which gives us an idea of how program notes are regarded by concert audiences –, we will display a series of short open educational videos that we produced for the OSM, during the 2015-2016 season. The work necessary for these new digital tools is partly based on the analysis of a large body of former program notes from which we have identified a number of trends and specific cases. The results of the inquiry show that the OSM’s audience, far from being homogeneous, is made up of listeners who bear very different expectations. According to many, the program notes are considered appropriate for one’s concert experience. However, they may also spring critical reactions among concertgoers: either too detailed, tedious for some, or somewhat dull for others. Although audience members have different musical backgrounds and scales of knowledge, both novices and connoisseurs seem to share a common interest in the music itself, which needs to be explained through means of analysis. This interest is being fulfilled by program notes, in line with the requirements of musicological research. The question remains: how can one describe a work of music in order to meet the needs of everyone? In this thesis, we try to find appropriate answers to this matter.

This investigation is concerned with the analysis of a production of Peter Pan, a large-scale musical play, which was presented at Dallas Repertory Theatre in February of 1975. This analysis is intended to be both an educative discussion of the experimental nature of the show and a practical guide to the production of a typical musical play by a non-professional company. The most outstanding elements examined include the following: (1) casting a teen-age boy, instead of an adult, in the title role; (2) casting children in all children's roles, and adults in all adult roles; (3) modification of the script and score to implement the casting of children in key roles; (4) the utilization of a short motion picture to simulate the flying of actors onstage.

This research sought to establish the hindrances/barriers to the effective implementation of the Adventist youth ministry curriculum in the congregations of the Trans-Orange Conference. The theological and Biblical foundations that underpin the church’s youth ministry and its curriculum ought to provide the church with a cutting edge in its youth ministry, and ought to assist tremendously in achieving the major twin goals of its youth ministry, i.e. salvation and service. Its detailed curriculum that is guided by the insights of developmental psychology is divided into four main age-specific levels: Adventurers, Pathfinder, Ambassadors and senior youth. Beyond the spiritual emphasis and soteriological intent, the participant youth should also benefit from leadership and community service development. The value of the curriculum, however, is only realised when it is implemented among the intended recipients; the youth of the church. Interviews with the youth ministry leaders from the various districts of the Trans-Orange Conference revealed a bleak picture of low levels of curriculum implementation. Expressed barriers to curriculum implementation and a low prevalence of progressive classes included: Low prevalence of qualified Master Guides and youth leaders; difficulties in accessing resources for use in curriculum implementation; unbalanced emphasis on physical activities at the expense of the rest of the curriculum content; lack of parental support; as well as priority issues emanating from church elders and leaders. It is very clear that the current praxis prevailing in the Trans-Orange Conference is not yielding the desired outcomes with regard to the delivery of the youth ministry curriculum. Given the status quo as manifested above, it becomes imperative that new ways of praxis be explored and be implemented to effect a situation turnaround. By revisiting the problem areas as expressed in the interviews, and seeking alternative approaches to youth ministry and curriculum implementation in the territory under investigation, a new model needs to be developed that must increase the prevalence of trained and qualified youth ministry personnel, that must increase the prevalence of progressive classes, and that increases levels of resource accessibility for congregational youth ministry curriculum providers and the youth in general. Furthermore, parents need to be trained and supported to enable them to be effective in assisting meeting the goals of the youth ministry as reflected in the curriculum, while all relevant leaders should also be assisted to reach a balance in the implementation of the curriculum and to assign appropriate priority to the programming and budgetary provisions for the youth ministry. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This research sought to establish the hindrances/barriers to the effective implementation of the Adventist youth ministry curriculum in the congregations of the Trans-Orange Conference. The theological and Biblical foundations that underpin the church’s youth ministry and its curriculum ought to provide the church with a cutting edge in its youth ministry, and ought to assist tremendously in achieving the major twin goals of its youth ministry, i.e. salvation and service. Its detailed curriculum that is guided by the insights of developmental psychology is divided into four main age-specific levels: Adventurers, Pathfinder, Ambassadors and senior youth. Beyond the spiritual emphasis and soteriological intent, the participant youth should also benefit from leadership and community service development. The value of the curriculum, however, is only realised when it is implemented among the intended recipients; the youth of the church. Interviews with the youth ministry leaders from the various districts of the Trans-Orange Conference revealed a bleak picture of low levels of curriculum implementation. Expressed barriers to curriculum implementation and a low prevalence of progressive classes included: Low prevalence of qualified Master Guides and youth leaders; difficulties in accessing resources for use in curriculum implementation; unbalanced emphasis on physical activities at the expense of the rest of the curriculum content; lack of parental support; as well as priority issues emanating from church elders and leaders. It is very clear that the current praxis prevailing in the Trans-Orange Conference is not yielding the desired outcomes with regard to the delivery of the youth ministry curriculum. Given the status quo as manifested above, it becomes imperative that new ways of praxis be explored and be implemented to effect a situation turnaround. By revisiting the problem areas as expressed in the interviews, and seeking alternative approaches to youth ministry and curriculum implementation in the territory under investigation, a new model needs to be developed that must increase the prevalence of trained and qualified youth ministry personnel, that must increase the prevalence of progressive classes, and that increases levels of resource accessibility for congregational youth ministry curriculum providers and the youth in general. Furthermore, parents need to be trained and supported to enable them to be effective in assisting meeting the goals of the youth ministry as reflected in the curriculum, while all relevant leaders should also be assisted to reach a balance in the implementation of the curriculum and to assign appropriate priority to the programming and budgetary provisions for the youth ministry. / PhD (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

La photonique sur silicium a le potentiel de rendre des technologies de télécommunication optiques accessibles au grand public. Alors que l’indice de réfraction élevé du silicium permet de fabriquer des circuits photoniques intégrés (CPI) compacts, il rend difficile l’injection de lumière sur les puces de silicium. Pour faciliter le transfert de lumière d’une fibre optique vers un guide d’onde en silicium, une plateforme technologique nommée coupleur évanescent optimisé pour les différences d’indice de réfraction élevées (CEIRE) a été développée à l’Université de Sherbrooke. Afin d’appuyer cette méthode d’injection, des technologies complémentaires ont également été étudiées.