Le développement de sources moyen infrarouge compactes et accordables dans les gammes de transmission de l’atmosphère présente un intérêt majeur dans les secteurs de la défense et de la sécurité. Les sources paramétriques à quasi-accord de phase en configuration guidée sont prometteuses pour gagner en compacité puisque l’on réduit la puissance de pompe nécessaire par rapport aux sources « massives ». Le premier axe de la thèse consiste à étudier des guides d’onde en arséniure de gallium périodiquement orientés (OP-GaAs) adaptés à un pompage par laser fibré et à des puissances relativement élevées. Le second vise à étudier de façon novatrice la possibilité d’intégrer dans un composant monolithique une diode laser en matériaux antimoniures avec un convertisseur de fréquence en antimoniure de gallium (GaSb). L’enjeu dans les deux cas est de réduire au maximum les pertes à la propagation dans ces guides d’onde pour exploiter pleinement leurs propriétés non-linéaires.Ce travail de thèse a permis de modéliser des structures de guides d’onde ambitieuses pour réduire les pertes, de développer les briques technologiques nécessaires à la fabrication de guides d’onde OP-semi-conducteur faibles pertes et de faire de premières caractérisations de ces composants dans le moyen-infrarouge. Les performances de guides d’onde GaAs ruban enterrés ou non ont pu être comparées, donnant une réduction des pertes d’un facteur trois avec des rubans enterrés. Plusieurs générations de guides d’onde GaSb ont vu le jour, et montrent des performances à l’état de l’art des structures en GaAs. En conséquence, diverses solutions ont été explorées pour intégrer une diode laser en matériaux antimoniures avec le guide d’onde convertisseur de fréquence. / The development of compact and tunable mid-infrared laser sources in the atmospheric transmission windows presents a major interest for several security and defense applications. Quasi-phase-matched parametric sources in guided wave configuration are promising solutions to enhance compactness, because of the reduction in pump power requirements with respect to bulk devices.The first axis of this thesis consists in studying orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs) waveguides, adapted to fiber laser pumping and to relatively high pump power. The second axis is devoted to the original idea of integrating an antimonide based laser diode with a gallium antimonide (GaSb) frequency converter in a monolithic component. The goal in both cases is to minimize propagation losses in those waveguides to exploit the whole potential of their non-linear properties.This work led to model ambitious low-loss waveguides structures, to develop the technological fabrication steps necessary for OP-semiconductor waveguides manufacturing, and to characterize these components in the mid-infrared. The first buried ridge GaAs waveguide structure has been compared to the ridge one, giving a reduction of a factor three in the propagation losses. Several generations of GaSb waveguides have come forward, with constant losses improvement and reach GaAs state-of-the-art performances. Lastly, multiple solutions have been explored in order to integrate an antimonide-based laser diode with the frequency converter waveguide.

Orientadores: Rúbia Barcelos Amaral, Samuel Rocha de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T22:59:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bardini_LaisCristina_M.pdf: 4418562 bytes, checksum: 3ab2037e31d19e0e7c84634fa7b27f84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Com a o passar do tempo muitas transformações ocorreram no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, mudanças que vão desde metodologias de ensino até a formação dos profissionais. No entanto, ainda há conteúdos que necessitam um olhar atento como, por exemplo, a Geometria. Hoje nota-se que este conteúdo ainda é motivo de várias discussões e pesquisas, refletindo as dificuldades que os professores apresentam em lecioná-lo. Esta situação colabora para que os professores procurem materiais que possam ajudá-los nas dúvidas decorrentes de seu dia a dia em sala de aula, sendo o mais comum deles o livro didático. Dessa forma, considerando a importância deste material didático e da Geometria, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o método de Análise de Conteúdo, procurando discutir o seguinte problema: Como alguns conteúdos geométricos estão presentes nos livros didáticos. Tendo como objetivo realizar a análise de alguns livros de Matemática utilizados na Rede Municipal de Rio Claro - SP, no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, e aprovados pelo PNLD. A primeira categoria, Aspectos Cotidianos, examinou como os livros têm desenvolvido a relação entre os aspectos cotidianos e a Geometria, e se esta ligação tem levado ou não o aluno a compreender, conhecer ou modificar o meio no qual está inserido; considerando que essa relação deve estar além do trabalho envolvendo apenas o uso de figuras cotidianas, semelhantes às geométricas. Já a segunda categoria, Manipulação e Concretização, analisou a questão da utilização dos materiais manipuláveis, como ela é realizada, ou qual o objetivo que a atividade propõe com sua utilização, ou ainda que papel eles desenvolvem em cada livro analisado. A terceira categoria, Nomenclatura, Identificação e Composição, apontou que apesar da literatura afirmar ser importante que o ensino das figuras geométricas envolva suas propriedades e características, a presente pesquisa constatou que o foco nos livros ainda está em apenas nomeá-las e identifica-las. Por fim, a quarta categoria, Relações entre as figuras bidimensionais e tridimensionais, expôs a importância de mostrar ao aluno a relação existente entre as figuras bidimensionais e tridimensionais; porém, essa relação foi pouco observada nos livros analisados. Enfim, este estudo também envolveu a análise das resenhas apresentadas no Guia do Livro Didático (BRASIL, 2013), trazendo o "olhar" do PNLD sobre cada obra, observando qual a avaliação e os resultados que este programa do governo faz sobre elas / Abstract: With the passage of time many changes have occurred in the process of teaching and learning, changes ranging from teaching methodologies to the training of professionals. However, there is contents that need a closer look, for example, the geometry. Today we note that this content is still a matter of much discussion and research, reflecting the difficulties that teachers have in teaches it. This contributes to teachers seek materials that can help them with questions arising from their day to day in the classroom, the most common of the textbook. Thus, considering the importance of this educational material and geometry, developed a qualitative research, using content analysis method, trying to discuss the following problem: As some geometric contents are present in textbooks. Aiming to carry out the analysis of some math books used in the Municipal Net of Rio Claro - SP, in the 5th year of elementary school, and approved by PNLD. The first category, Everyday aspects, examined how the books have developed the relationship between the daily aspects and Geometry, and this link has led or not the student to understand, know or modify the environment in which it is inserted; considering that this relationship should be beyond work involving only the use of daily figures, similar to the geometric. The second category, Handling and Implementation, addressed the issue of the use of manipulatives, as it is performed, or what purpose the proposed activity with their use, or what role they develop in the analyzed book. The third category, classification, identification and composition, pointed out that despite the literature stating it was important that the teaching of geometric figures involving their properties and characteristics, this survey found that the focus is still on the books only name them and identify them . Finally, the fourth category, relations between two-dimensional and three-dimensional figures, explained the importance of showing students the relationship between the two-dimensional and three-dimensional figures; However, this correlation was slightly observed in the analyzed books. Finally, this study also involved the analysis of the review presented in the Textbook Guide (BRAZIL, 2013), bringing the "look" of PNLD on each work, noting that the evaluation and the results that this government program is about them / Mestrado / Ensino de Ciencias e Matematica / Mestra em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática

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We examined military retirement. We sought to determine if preretirement planning, having knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that are readily transferable, and being committed to, and/or identifying with, the Navy would affect the retirement satisfaction and adjustment of a retired naval officers sample. Results indicated that both planning and transferability influenced retirement satisfaction and adjustment, while organizational commitment and identification did not. Implications of our findings, as well as a brief overview of some general retirement issues are included.

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La sécurité est une première étape essentielle dans l'amélioration de la qualité des soins. Devant l’importance de ces erreurs qui menacent 12 millions de patients aux USA chaque année ; plusieurs travaux ont essayé de trouver des solutions pour réduire les erreurs médicales et les effets indésirables des médicaments : La médecine basée sur la preuve, la médecine personnalisée et les systèmes d’aide à la décision médicale. Les sociétés savantes élaborent de façon périodique des recommandations de bonnes pratiques pour aboutir à instaurer une médecine basée sur la preuve. Ces recommandations sont considérées comme des outils efficaces pour faire pont entre la pratique médicale des praticiens et les preuves scientifiques.La simple diffusion de GBPC n’a qu’un impact limité sur les pratiques cliniques.Plusieurs études ont montré que l’informatisation de ces guides en les intégrant dans le Workflow clinique permet d’améliorer l’adhérence des médecins à ces recommandations. Les guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques ne couvrent pas les caractéristiques individuelles des patients. Un des objectifs d’amélioration des soins et de la réduction des effets indésirables des patients est la personnalisation de la prise en charge. Cette personnalisation nécessite l’utilisation de toutes les informations (cliniques, biologiques, génétiques, radiologiques, sociales..) pour caractériser le profil du patient. Nous avons développé une méthode de raisonnement hybride, CBFCM, capable d’utiliser des connaissances et des données hétérogènes. L’implémentation de la méthode a été faite avec des outils du web sémantique. Nous avons développé un environnement Open Source pour la modélisation et la formalisation des connaissances médicales (recommandations..). Nous avons validé la méthode avec plusieurs études dans le domaine des infections urinaires mais aussi dans d’autres domaines (pneumologie, stéatose hépatique non alcoolique, diabète gestationnel..). L’intégration des données génétiques, cliniques et biologiques nous a permis d’améliorer la prédiction de certaines maladies (NASH). / Several studies have tried to find ways to reduce medical and adverse drug errors:The evidence-based medicine, personalized medicine and clinical decision support systems. Many recommandations are developped periodically to improve a best practices. These recommendations are considered effective tools to bridge between medical practitioners and practice of scientific evidence. The use of the Clinical Practice Guidelines has a limited impact on clinical practice. Several studies showed that the computerization of these guides by integrating them into the clinical workflow improves adherence of physicians to these recommendations.One of the aims of improving care and reducing adverse effects of patients is personalizing care. This customization requires the use of all the information (clinical, biological, genetic, radiological, social..) to characterize the profile of the patient.We have developed a method of hybrid reasoning "Case Based Fuzzy CognitiveMaps" able to use knowledge and heterogeneous data. The implementation of themethod was made with semantic web technologies. We have developed an open source environment for modeling and formalization of medical knowledge.We validated the method with several studies in the field of urinary tract infections,but also in other areas (respiratory, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gestational diabetes..). The integration of genetic, clinical and laboratory data have allowed us to improve the prediction of certain diseases (NASH).

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This diploma thesis deals with the design and optimization of a headstock for machine tool. Thesis was focused to comparison of several types of slide-ways and linear guides of headstock, considering their static and dynamic rigidity. An overview in the field of machine tools, their static and dynamic properties, use materials and design of headstocks, considering types of guideways, types of guideways drives and types of drives of spindle was made. Among the other main goals is included design of several types of guideway of headstock for horizontal machine tool, elaboration of computational models and evaluation of results.