Thesis (MPhil (General Linguistics))--University of STellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The gap which exists between the academic culture represented by lecturers and the nonacademic- culture represented by students at a residential university is even greater at a distance learning institution (DLI). At a DLI, lecturers and students are faced with a number of challenges. Firstly, the majority of distance learning students are older than the average residential student and have added responsibilities related to their families and jobs. Secondly, they come from a wider variety of cultural, educational and socio-economic backgrounds than residential first-years. Finally, the majority of these students have a relatively low proficiency in their second language (L2) English, which is usually their third or fourth language rather than their second language, and which is the language of instruction at South African DLIs. At a DLI, there is little or no face-to-face contact between lecturers and students, and teaching takes place primarily by means of printed study material, specifically study guides. Study guides substitute for the lectures and other contact periods that residential students receive. In addition, study guides have to facilitate the student in the world of a new and sometimes intimidating culture, namely the (tertiary) academic culture. However, many students may have trouble understanding the type of language used in study material (essentially, academic language), sometimes because lecturers do not understand the challenges faced by DLI students and/or because they write in a formal, academic style, which is often not easily accessible to first-year students. This could pose a barrier for learning, as well as for the transition of the student from the non-academic culture to the academic culture. The aim of the study reported in this thesis was to identify the linguistic criteria which a successful study guide for L2 speakers of English should adhere to. These criteria were extracted from literature on effective writing/teaching in general, then discussed in terms of their relevance for the specific purpose of writing effective study guides, and finally applied to critically evaluate the language used in three DLI study guides. The thesis ends with some concluding remarks, a discussion of the implications of the findings of the research, and some recommendations for further research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gaping tussen die akademiese kultuur wat verteenwoordig word deur dosente en die nieakademiese kultuur wat verteenwoordig word deur studente by 'n residensiële universiteit is selfs groter by 'n afstandsonderriginstelling (AOI). By 'n AOI kom studente en dosente voor 'n aantal uitdagings te staan. Eerstens is die oorgrote meerderheid afstandsonderrigstudente ouer as die gemiddelde student aan 'n residensiële universiteit en het hulle bykomende verantwoordelikhede met betrekking tot hul gesinne en werkplekke. Tweedens kom hulle uit 'n wyer verskeidenheid van kulturele, opvoedkundige en sosio-ekonomiese agtergronde as eerstejaarstudente van residensiële universiteite. Ten laaste is die meerderheid van hierdie studente se taalvaardigheid in hulle tweedetaal (T2) Engels relatief laag. In die meeste gevalle is Engels hulle derde of vierde taal eerder as hul tweede taal, terwyl dit ook die taal van onderrig is by Suid-Afrikaanse AOIs. By 'n AOI is daar geen of min persoonlike kontak tussen dosente en studente, en onderrig vind meestal plaas deur middel van gedrukte studiemateriaal, veral studiegidse. Studiegidse dien as plaasvervanger vir die voorlesings en ander kontaksessies wat 'n student by 'n residensiële universiteit ontvang. Ook moet studiegidse die student voorthelp in die wêreld van die nuwe en soms intimiderende kultuur, die (tersiêre) akademiese kultuur. Tog sukkel baie studente om die tipe taal (akademiese taal) wat in die studiemateriaal gebruik word te verstaan, wat soms veroorsaak word deur dosente wat nie 'n goeie begrip het van die uitdagings wat AOI-studente in die gesig moet staar nie, en/of omdat hulle in 'n formele, akademiese styl skryf wat nie maklik toeganklik vir eerstejaarstudente is nie. Dit kan 'n struikelblok vir leer wees, sowel as vir die oorgang van die student vanaf die nie-akademiese kultuur na die akademiese kultuur. Die doel van die studie waaroor daar verslag gelewer word in hierdie tesis was om die linguistiese kriteria te identifiseer waaraan 'n suksesvolle studiegids vir T2 sprekers van Engels moet voldoen. Hierdie kriteria is afgelei uit die literatuur oor effektiewe skryf/onderrig oor die algemeen, en vervolgens bespreek in terme van hulle relevansie vir die spesifieke doel van die skryf van effektiewe studiegidse. Laastens is hierdie kriteria gebruik om die taalgebruik in drie AOIstudiegidse krities te evalueer. Die tesis word afgesluit met enkele slotopmerkings, 'n bespreking van die implikasies van die bevindinge van die navorsing, en enkele aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing.

L ’intérêt des nano-particules pour le domaine de l ’optique visible a été suscité lors du premier rapport rédigé par Faraday en 1857 et qui a initié les bases de la production de nanoparticules métalliques en vue de leur propriété optiques inattendues (coloration des solutions). Plus récemment, le contrôle et le guidage de la lumière basés sur l’excitation de résonance plasmon dans les nanostructures a permis beaucoup d’applications liées à la vie quotidienne et impliquant la lumière. La résonance plasmonique de structures métalliques estun phénomène essentiel qui conduit à des propriétés optiques uniques à travers l’interaction de la lumière avecles électrons libres du métal. L’excitation de la résonance plasmon localisé (LSPR) permet d’exalter localement l’énergie électromagnétique comme dans le cas des nano-antennes mais aussi d’acheminer la lumière à travers des canaux de dimensions sub-l sur de grandes distances distances grâce à l’excitation du Plasmonde Surface Propagatif (PSP). Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étendu un algorithme existant afin de calculer la réponse optique (sections efficaces de diffusion et d’absorption) de NPs ayant une forme géométrie quelconque. Ce type de NP anisotrope (vis-à-vis de la polarisation incidente) peut présenter à la résonance plasmonique une section efficace de diffusion 25 fois supérieure à celle géométrique. De plus, une étude systématique importante a été effectuée afin d’optimiser la géométrie de tels Nps.En ce qui concerne la PSP qui est impliqué dans la transmission exaltée à travers les matrices d’ouvertures annulaires AAA, nous avons entrepris une étude systématique des propriétés de l’excitation du mode particul particulier sans coupure de ces nano - guides. Il s’agit du mode Transverse Electrique et Magnétique (TEM). Une étude numérique complète est alors effectuée pour correctement concevoir la structure avant qu’elle ne soit expérimentalement fabriquée et caractérisée. Pour palier certaines contraintes expérimentale, une structure inclinée est proposée et étudiée dans le cas d’un métal parfaitement conducteur. Nous avons démontrée numériquement et analytiquement certaines propriétés intrinsèques de la structure montrant un coefficient de d’au moins 50% d’un faisceau incident non polarisé indépendamment des conditions d’éclairage (polarisation,angle et plan d’incidence). Lorsque le mode TEM est excité, le flux laminaire de l’énergie à travers la structure présente une déviation géante sur de très petites distances inférieures à la longueur d’onde. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse pourraient être considérés comme une contribution importante à la compréhension du phénomène de transmission exaltée basé sur l’excitation de ce type de mode guidé. / The release of the rst report by Faraday in 1857 set the foundation of the production of metal nanoparticlesand their unexpected optical properties (coloring). More recently, controlling and guiding light via plasmonicresonance in nanostructures enable a lot of applications affecting everyday life that involves light. Plasmonresonance of metallic structures is a key phenomenon that allows unique optical properties through the interactionof light with the free electrons of the metal. The excitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance(LSPR) leads to turn-on large local enhancements of electromagnetic energy as within antennas or to routelight as waveguide to desired region with high transmission through the excitation of Propagating SurfacePlasmon (PSP). During this thesis, we have developed an existing algorithm in order to calculate the opticalresponse of NPs of any shape. We have especially determined the localized energy enhancement factor interm of optical response of nano-antenna. This anisotropic (polarization dependent) NPs type can feature, atplasmon resonance, scattering efciency factor higher than 25. Moreover, an important systematic study hasbeen performed in order to optimize design of such NPs.Concerning the PSP that are involved in the enhanced transmission through Annular Aperture Arrays (AAAs),we systematically study the properties of the excitation of the peculiar Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) guidedmode inside such nano-apertures. A complete numerical study is performed to correctly design the structurebefore it is experimentally characterized. For reasons associated to fabrication constraints and efciency,a slanted AAA made in perfectly conducting metal is proposed and studied. We numerically and analyticallydemonstrate some intrinsic properties of the structure showing a transmission coefcient of at least 50%ofan un-polarized incident beam independently of the illumination configuration (polarization, angle, and planeof incidence). At the TEM peak transmission, the laminar flow of the energy through the structure can exhibitgiant deviation over very small distances ( ). The results presented in this thesis could be considered as animportant contribution to the understanding of the enhanced transmission phenomenon based on the excitationof guided modes

Le but de cette recherche est d'étudier comment le livre La vie de bébé, peut-être le plus grand et le plus connu manuel de l'enfance au Brésil, écrit par le pédiatre Rinaldo de Lamare, favorise ou a encouragé des biopolitiques adressées aux mères sur la constitution de l'enfance d'une façon saine et normale. Je tiens à souligner que l'importance de l'analyse de ce manuel a joué /joue un rôle éducatif, en enseignant des mères et des pères comment agir avec leurs enfants, c'est-à-dire comment doivent-ils les nourrir, quels types d'ambiances et des jouets ils doivent leur fournir de manière à produire des subjectivités, des identités et des savoirs. Pour ce faire, la théorie sur les études culturelles a été utilisé à partir d'un regard post-structuraliste, ainsi que les études de Foucault, en particulier les notions de biopolitique, de gouvernement, de savoir/pouvoir et de discipline. La 17e (1963) et la 41e (2002) éditions ont été utilisées comme matériel de l'analyse dont l„objectif est de souligner quelles stratégies discursives ont été utilisées par l'auteur du livre, un médecin avec beaucoup de connaissance médicale notamment sur la pédiatrie, pour conduire le comportement maternel et paternel; quels savoirs et pouvoirs mis en circulation dans la subjectivité des parents ont été utilisés pour la promotion des enfants sains et en bonne santé; comment le Manuel ici considéré se constitue comme une technologie pour le gouvernement des familles et de l'enfance depuis près de sept décennies; à travers quelles stratégies l'expert promouvait des biopolitiques pour les mères; comment caractérisait-on les sujets enfantins considérés normaux et anormaux et quels étaient les modèles de famille, de mère, de père, de l'éducation des enfants élus dans cette publication . De l'analyse, on a vérifié la force du discours de la psychologie comme une façon de rendre les mères subjectives; l'exaltation de l'allaitement maternel dans les dernières décennies comme le seul moyen pour nourrir le bébé physiquement et « sur son plan émotif »; la centralité de la mère dans la vie du bébé et son rôle comme la responsable de tout ce qui se produit à l'enfant; l'adresse de la publication aux mères hétérosexuels, mariés, blanches, issues des classes moyenne et aisée et des zones urbaines, bien que les pères soient également cités dans les dernières éditions comme étant des figures importantes pour le bébé et, enfin, la vision évolutive du développement normal de l'enfant dans la publication étudiée. / Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar como o livro "A Vida do Bebê", talvez o maior e mais conhecido manual de infância do Brasil, escrito pelo pediatra brasileiro Rinaldo De Lamare, promove/promoveu biopolíticas dirigidas às mães para a constituição de infâncias saudáveis e normais. Ressalto o quanto o manual analisado desempenhou/desempenha uma função pedagógica, ensinando mães e pais a como agir com suas/seus filhas/filhos, como devem alimentá-los, que ambientes e brinquedos lhes devem proporcionar, assim produzindo subjetividades, identidades e saberes. Para a realização da análise, foram utilizados, como referencial teórico, os Estudos Culturais, a partir de um olhar pós-estruturalista, e os estudos de Foucault, principalmente os conceitos de biopolítica, governamento, saber/poder e disciplina. Como material de análise foram utilizadas duas edições do manual, a saber, a 17ª edição (de 1963) e a 41ª edição (de 2002), procurando-se enfatizar por meio de quais estratégias discursivas o autor do livro, investido do saber médico, em específico o pediátrico, conduzia as condutas maternas e paternas; quais os saberes e os poderes colocados em circulação na subjetivação materna e paterna para a promoção de crianças normais e saudáveis; como o manual aqui analisado constitui-se como tecnologia para o governo das famílias e das infâncias ao longo de quase sete décadas e através de que estratégias o especialista promovia biopolíticas dirigidas às mães; como eram caracterizados os sujeitos infantis tidos como normais e anormais e quais eram os modelos de família, mãe, pai, educação e criança promovidos na publicação. A partir da análise verificou-se a força do discurso da psicologia como forma de subjetivar as mães; a exaltação da amamentação nas últimas décadas como única forma de alimentar física e "emocionalmente" o bebê; a centralidade da mãe na vida do bebê, sendo esta responsabilizada por tudo que ocorrer com a criança; o endereçamento da publicação a mães heterossexuais, casadas, brancas, de classe média e alta e urbanas, embora nas últimas edições os pais tenham sido mais citados como também importantes para o bebê; e, por fim, a visão evolutiva do desenvolvimento da criança normal na publicação ora objeto de estudo. / This work aims at investigating how the book "A Vida do Bebê", probably the largest and major children's guide in Brazil, written by Brazilian paediatrician Rinaldo de Lamare, has encouraged biopolicies targeted to mothers for normal healthy early lives. I highlight to what extent the analysed guide has played its instructive role, teaching parents how to behave with their children, how to feed them, which environment and toys they should provide them, thus producing subjectivities, identities and knowledge. To conduct the analysis we have used as a theoretical referential the Cultural Studies from a poststructuralist perspective, and Foucauldian studies, particularly concepts of biopolicy, government, knowledge/power and discipline. We have used as analysis materials two issues of the guide 17th edition (1963) e 41st edition (2002), seeking to emphasise on which discursive strategies the author used as a doctor, specifically a paediatrician, to guide parents' behaviours; which pieces of knowledge and power were circulating in parents' subjectification to promote normal healthy children; how the analysed guide has been a tool to govern families and children throughout nearly seven decades, and which strategies the specialist encouraged biopolicies targeted to mothers; how infant-subjects were regarded normal and abnormal, and which were the models of family, mother, father, education and child provided in the book. With the analysis we have checked the strength of the psychological discourse as a way to subjectify mothers; extolling breast-feeding late decades as the only way to physically and 'emotionally' feed the baby; the mother's centrality in the baby's life when she is blamed for everything occurring to the child; the sending of the book for homosexual, married, white, high- and middle-class, and urban mothers, though in late editions fathers have also been mentioned as significant for the baby; and finally the evolutionary vision for the normal child's development in the book which is now the object of this work.

This study investigates the role of resilience in women coping with the life transition of divorce. Five women were interviewed and an in-depth qualitative analysis undertaken, in order to explore the subjective experience of resilience during the period of separation and divorce, and its effect on post-divorce adjustment. In addition, the usefulness of formal divorce support groups to enhance resilience was examined. It was found that the most important aspects of resilience as reported by the women were social support; spirituality; personality traits such as optimism, courage and resourcefulness; an orientation toward the future; and competence/mastery of one's environment (including mastery of one's thoughts and emotions). It appeared that resilience facilitated adjustment in several ways; notably in providing a sense of purpose, control and competence resulting in an experience of personal growth. All of the women felt that they had developed a sense of their own identity and greater self-determination through the process of divorce. Support groups might be potentially effective in providing assistance in dealing with emotional issues such as anger and forgiveness; with skills development such as emotion regulation and cognitive techniques like reframing; as well as practical and informational support. Such groups might also provide a temporary community of social support where divorced women can interact with other people who are experiencing the same things. The study illuminated the subjective, often unique experience of separation and divorce; this emphasises the challenge for divorce groups to offer support which addresses this uniqueness. / Psychology / D.Litt. (Psychology)

Bound state systems consisting of three nonrelativistic particles are numerically studied. Calculations are performed employing two-body and three-body forces as input in the Hamiltonian in order to study the role or contribution of three-body forces to the binding in these systems. The resulting differential Faddeev equations are solved as three-dimensional equations in the two Jacobi coordinates and the angle between them, as opposed to the usual partial wave expansion approach. By expanding the wave function as a sum of the products of spline functions in each of the three coordinates, and using the orthogonal collocation procedure, the equations are transformed into an eigenvalue problem. The matrices in the aforementioned eigenvalue equations are generally of large order. In order to solve these matrix equations with modest and optimal computer memory and storage, we employ the iterative Restarted Arnoldi Algorithm in conjunction with the so-called tensor trick method. Furthermore, we incorporate a polynomial accelerator in the algorithm to obtain rapid convergence. We applied the method to obtain the binding energies of Triton, Carbon-12, and Ozone molecule. / Physics / M.Sc (Physics)

Cette thèse, consacrée à la mesure endoscopique de formes tridimensionnelle, se place dans un double contexte applicatif : tout d'abord industriel, avec l'inspection endoscopique de pièces mécaniques en milieu contraint (notamment tubulaire) à des résolutions micrométriques. Le second contexte est médical avec la détection de formes tridimensionnelle lors de coloscopies pour l'aide au diagnostic. L'endoscopie souple est obtenue par l'utilisation de guides optiques, la méthode de mesure tridimensionnelle est basée sur la stéréovision active avec la génération de lumière structurée par une matrice de micro-miroirs. Après avoir établi l'état de l'art, une méthode de conception et d'évaluation optique appliquée à la stéréovision en endoscopie souple est décrite. C'est ensuite la réalisation instrumentale, son évaluation métrologique, et une méthode innovante de basculement de modes dynamique entre stéréovision active et passive qui sont détaillées. Des méthodes algorithmiques de reconstruction tridimensionnelle adaptées à ce type d'instrument sont enfin proposées. Les contributions scientifiques de cette étude sont multiples. Une méthode d'analyse optique basée sur l'utilisation de fonctions de transfert de modulation pour la conception d'un endoscope mesurant par stéréovision est proposée. Des méthodes de traitement d'image pour un étalonnage robuste malgré une défocalisation optique ainsi qu'un nouvel algorithme à décalage de phase constituent également des contributions de l'étude. L'association de ces méthodes a permis d'extraire un principe de réalisation permettant la mesure tridimensionnelle par endoscopie souple. / This thesis aims at developing a tri-dimensional measurement endoscopic device in a double context: the first one is industrial with endoscopic inspection of mechanical pieces (tubular inspection, for example) at micrometric resolution. The second context is medical with tri-dimensional shape detection during colonoscopy to help the surgeon diagnosis. In this study, flexible endoscopy is made possible by using image guides and the tri-dimensional reconstruction method is based on active stereovision where a digital micro-mirror device is used to spatially structure the incoming light. After developing the state of the art, an optical conception and evaluation method, applied to stereovision for flexible endoscopic devices is described. The instrumental realization is then detailed and metrologically evaluated. An innovative method that allows to switch dynamically between active and passive stereovision is then detailed. Finally, 3D reconstruction algorithms adapted to this endoscopic instrument are proposed. The scientific contributions of this study are multiple. Firstly, an optical analysis method based on the modulation transfer function to design an endoscopic stereovision system is proposed. An image processing method for robust calibration in a defocused optical environment and a new phase-shifting algorithm for 3D reconstruction are proposed. Finally, a realization principle for 3D measurement in flexible endoscopy was extracted from the combination of all these methods.

Le but de cette recherche est d'étudier comment le livre La vie de bébé, peut-être le plus grand et le plus connu manuel de l'enfance au Brésil, écrit par le pédiatre Rinaldo de Lamare, favorise ou a encouragé des biopolitiques adressées aux mères sur la constitution de l'enfance d'une façon saine et normale. Je tiens à souligner que l'importance de l'analyse de ce manuel a joué /joue un rôle éducatif, en enseignant des mères et des pères comment agir avec leurs enfants, c'est-à-dire comment doivent-ils les nourrir, quels types d'ambiances et des jouets ils doivent leur fournir de manière à produire des subjectivités, des identités et des savoirs. Pour ce faire, la théorie sur les études culturelles a été utilisé à partir d'un regard post-structuraliste, ainsi que les études de Foucault, en particulier les notions de biopolitique, de gouvernement, de savoir/pouvoir et de discipline. La 17e (1963) et la 41e (2002) éditions ont été utilisées comme matériel de l'analyse dont l„objectif est de souligner quelles stratégies discursives ont été utilisées par l'auteur du livre, un médecin avec beaucoup de connaissance médicale notamment sur la pédiatrie, pour conduire le comportement maternel et paternel; quels savoirs et pouvoirs mis en circulation dans la subjectivité des parents ont été utilisés pour la promotion des enfants sains et en bonne santé; comment le Manuel ici considéré se constitue comme une technologie pour le gouvernement des familles et de l'enfance depuis près de sept décennies; à travers quelles stratégies l'expert promouvait des biopolitiques pour les mères; comment caractérisait-on les sujets enfantins considérés normaux et anormaux et quels étaient les modèles de famille, de mère, de père, de l'éducation des enfants élus dans cette publication . De l'analyse, on a vérifié la force du discours de la psychologie comme une façon de rendre les mères subjectives; l'exaltation de l'allaitement maternel dans les dernières décennies comme le seul moyen pour nourrir le bébé physiquement et « sur son plan émotif »; la centralité de la mère dans la vie du bébé et son rôle comme la responsable de tout ce qui se produit à l'enfant; l'adresse de la publication aux mères hétérosexuels, mariés, blanches, issues des classes moyenne et aisée et des zones urbaines, bien que les pères soient également cités dans les dernières éditions comme étant des figures importantes pour le bébé et, enfin, la vision évolutive du développement normal de l'enfant dans la publication étudiée. / Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar como o livro "A Vida do Bebê", talvez o maior e mais conhecido manual de infância do Brasil, escrito pelo pediatra brasileiro Rinaldo De Lamare, promove/promoveu biopolíticas dirigidas às mães para a constituição de infâncias saudáveis e normais. Ressalto o quanto o manual analisado desempenhou/desempenha uma função pedagógica, ensinando mães e pais a como agir com suas/seus filhas/filhos, como devem alimentá-los, que ambientes e brinquedos lhes devem proporcionar, assim produzindo subjetividades, identidades e saberes. Para a realização da análise, foram utilizados, como referencial teórico, os Estudos Culturais, a partir de um olhar pós-estruturalista, e os estudos de Foucault, principalmente os conceitos de biopolítica, governamento, saber/poder e disciplina. Como material de análise foram utilizadas duas edições do manual, a saber, a 17ª edição (de 1963) e a 41ª edição (de 2002), procurando-se enfatizar por meio de quais estratégias discursivas o autor do livro, investido do saber médico, em específico o pediátrico, conduzia as condutas maternas e paternas; quais os saberes e os poderes colocados em circulação na subjetivação materna e paterna para a promoção de crianças normais e saudáveis; como o manual aqui analisado constitui-se como tecnologia para o governo das famílias e das infâncias ao longo de quase sete décadas e através de que estratégias o especialista promovia biopolíticas dirigidas às mães; como eram caracterizados os sujeitos infantis tidos como normais e anormais e quais eram os modelos de família, mãe, pai, educação e criança promovidos na publicação. A partir da análise verificou-se a força do discurso da psicologia como forma de subjetivar as mães; a exaltação da amamentação nas últimas décadas como única forma de alimentar física e "emocionalmente" o bebê; a centralidade da mãe na vida do bebê, sendo esta responsabilizada por tudo que ocorrer com a criança; o endereçamento da publicação a mães heterossexuais, casadas, brancas, de classe média e alta e urbanas, embora nas últimas edições os pais tenham sido mais citados como também importantes para o bebê; e, por fim, a visão evolutiva do desenvolvimento da criança normal na publicação ora objeto de estudo. / This work aims at investigating how the book "A Vida do Bebê", probably the largest and major children's guide in Brazil, written by Brazilian paediatrician Rinaldo de Lamare, has encouraged biopolicies targeted to mothers for normal healthy early lives. I highlight to what extent the analysed guide has played its instructive role, teaching parents how to behave with their children, how to feed them, which environment and toys they should provide them, thus producing subjectivities, identities and knowledge. To conduct the analysis we have used as a theoretical referential the Cultural Studies from a poststructuralist perspective, and Foucauldian studies, particularly concepts of biopolicy, government, knowledge/power and discipline. We have used as analysis materials two issues of the guide 17th edition (1963) e 41st edition (2002), seeking to emphasise on which discursive strategies the author used as a doctor, specifically a paediatrician, to guide parents' behaviours; which pieces of knowledge and power were circulating in parents' subjectification to promote normal healthy children; how the analysed guide has been a tool to govern families and children throughout nearly seven decades, and which strategies the specialist encouraged biopolicies targeted to mothers; how infant-subjects were regarded normal and abnormal, and which were the models of family, mother, father, education and child provided in the book. With the analysis we have checked the strength of the psychological discourse as a way to subjectify mothers; extolling breast-feeding late decades as the only way to physically and 'emotionally' feed the baby; the mother's centrality in the baby's life when she is blamed for everything occurring to the child; the sending of the book for homosexual, married, white, high- and middle-class, and urban mothers, though in late editions fathers have also been mentioned as significant for the baby; and finally the evolutionary vision for the normal child's development in the book which is now the object of this work.

A região do baixo rio Branco está localizada ao sul do município de Caracaraí, no estado de Roraima, onde há mais de uma década vem se desenvolvendo atividades de turismo de pesca, dentro da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Xeriuini. A vila Terra Preta está inserida nesta APA e tem seus moradores contratados para trabalharem como guias de pesca na atividade turística. Este estudo tem como objetivos: identificar o perfil dos moradores da comunidade de Vila Terra Preta; avaliar qual o estágio de desenvolvimento da atividade de turismo de pesca praticada na região do Baixo Rio Branco; identificar as interferências causadas pela atividade de turismo de pesca que afetam as condições de vida dos residentes da Vila Terra Preta; analisar a receptividade e o envolvimento dos autóctones em relação às atividades desenvolvidas pelos operadores de turismo na região. Fez-se uso de questionário como instrumento de pesquisa exploratória com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, chegando a resultados que mostram interferências positivas quanto à geração de empregos e complemento de renda, mesmo que esses postos de trabalhos sejam temporários. Mas, por outro lado interferências prejudiciais à população de peixes devido aos equipamentos usados por turistas/pescadores, percebidas por alguns moradores. Também o turismo não tem contribuído para melhorias na infraestrutura da comunidade e em relação à gestão os entrevistados consideram-se excluídos dos processos de decisão e participação na organização da atividade turística. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-11-27T17:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana de Souza Vitório.pdf: 6543086 bytes, checksum: 3442d27d6c966d7514f071dbcca37c02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-27T17:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana de Souza Vitório.pdf: 6543086 bytes, checksum: 3442d27d6c966d7514f071dbcca37c02 (MD5) / The region of the lower Rio Branco is located south of the city of Caracaraí in the state of Roraima, where for more than a decade has been developing fishing tourism activities within the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Xeriuini. The Vila Terra Preta is inserted in this EPA and its residents have hired to work as fishing guides in tourist activity. This study aims to: identify the profile of the residents of the Vila Terra Preta; assess what stage of development of the activity of fishing tourism practiced in the Lower Rio Branco region; identify the interference caused by the activity of fishing tourism that affect the living conditions of the residents of Vila Terra Preta; analyze the responsiveness and involvement of indigenous in relation to activities undertaken by tourism operators in the region. Made use of a questionnaire as a tool for exploratory research with quantitative and qualitative approach, achieving results that show positive interference as the generation of jobs and income supplement, even if those jobs are temporary jobs. But, on the other hand harmful interference to fish population due to the equipment used by tourists/fishermen, perceived by some locals. Also tourism has not contributed to improvements in community infrastructure and the management respondents consider themselves excluded from decision- making and participation in the organization of tourism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayssaSS_DISSERT.pdf: 1313728 bytes, checksum: f0351a7b705acdbd847274c6a0286249 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Burnout is a psychological syndrome triggered in response to continuous exposure to interpersonal stressors. It is considered a multifactorial construct, which is commonly characterized by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, dehumanization, and lack of personal accomplishment.This study aimed to verify if the three characteristics of burnout (exhaustion, lack of dehumanization and personal accomplishment) are present in people working as guides Tourism in Natal - RN. It is a descriptive and quantitative study. 109 subjects were surveyed. Data collection was done through the use of questionnaires, the instrument used was the characterization of the Burnout Scale (ECB) created and validated in Brazil by Trocoli and Tamayo (2000). In order to analyze data we used descriptive statistics, analysis of core measures, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, multiple discriminant and Spearman correlation. Factor analysis identified four factors that explain 58.3% of the total variance. Those factors were named exhaustion, deception, avoidance, and dehumanization. The reliability of the instrument, as measured by Cronbach's Alpha was 0.918, which is considered excellent reliability. The 109 subjects were grouped into three cluster, which had the deception, avoidance, and dehumanization as discriminant. It is possible to conclude that the characteristics of burnout syndrome are present in the studied population where 19 people are on the high level of burnout, moderate in 32 and 56 in the light. The correlations between socio-demographic variables studied and the dimensions of burnout, were few and weak. The variable leave for health reasons in the study appeared to be related to feelings of exhaustion and avoidance behavior appeared related to younger individuals and who work only in the activity of Receptive Tourism Guide. Verification of the incidence of burnout in individuals surveyed suggest the need to adopt intervention strategies are individual, organizational and / or combined / Burnout ? uma s?ndrome psicol?gica desencadeada em resposta ? exposi??o a estressores interpessoais cont?nuos. ? considerado um construto multifatorial, que ? comumente caracterizado por tr?s dimens?es: a exaust?o emocional, a desumaniza??o e a falta de realiza??o pessoal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se as tr?s caracter?sticas da s?ndrome de Burnout (exaust?o, desumaniza??o e falta de realiza??o pessoal) est?o presentes nos profissionais que atuam como Guias de Turismo em Natal RN. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo. Foram pesquisados 109 sujeitos. A coleta de dados foi feita atrav?s do uso de question?rios, o instrumento utilizado foi a Escala de Caracteriza??o do Burnout (ECB) criada e validada no Brasil por Tamayo e Tr?coli (2000). Para a an?lise de dados, utilizou-se as estat?sticas descritivas, an?lises de medidas centrais, an?lise fatorial explorat?ria e confirmat?ria, an?lise de confiabilidade, an?lise de cluster, discriminante m?ltipla e correla??o de Spearman. A an?lise fatorial definiu quatro fatores que explicam 58,3% da vari?ncia total. Os fatores foram nomeados de exaust?o, decep??o, desumaniza??o e evita??o. A confiabilidade do instrumento, avaliada pelo Alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,918, considerada uma excelente confiabilidade. Os 109 sujeitos da pesquisa se agruparam em tr?s cluster, que tiveram como discriminantes a decep??o, a desumaniza??o e a evita??o. Portanto, ? poss?vel concluir que as caracter?sticas da S?ndrome de Burnout est?o presentes na popula??o pesquisada onde 19 sujeitos se encontram no n?vel alto de Burnout, 32 no moderado e 56 no leve. As correla??es encontradas entre as vari?veis s?cio-demogr?ficas pesquisadas e as dimens?es de Burnout, foram poucas e fracas. A vari?vel afastamento do trabalho por motivo de sa?de apareceu no estudo como estando relacionada ao sentimento de exaust?o e o comportamento de evita??o surgiu relacionado com indiv?duos mais jovens e que trabalham apenas na atividade de Guia de Turismo Receptivo. A verifica??o da incid?ncia de Burnout nos indiv?duos pesquisados sugere a necessidade de ado??o de estrat?gias de interven??o sejam individuais, organizacionais e/ou combinadas

Le but de cette recherche est d'étudier comment le livre La vie de bébé, peut-être le plus grand et le plus connu manuel de l'enfance au Brésil, écrit par le pédiatre Rinaldo de Lamare, favorise ou a encouragé des biopolitiques adressées aux mères sur la constitution de l'enfance d'une façon saine et normale. Je tiens à souligner que l'importance de l'analyse de ce manuel a joué /joue un rôle éducatif, en enseignant des mères et des pères comment agir avec leurs enfants, c'est-à-dire comment doivent-ils les nourrir, quels types d'ambiances et des jouets ils doivent leur fournir de manière à produire des subjectivités, des identités et des savoirs. Pour ce faire, la théorie sur les études culturelles a été utilisé à partir d'un regard post-structuraliste, ainsi que les études de Foucault, en particulier les notions de biopolitique, de gouvernement, de savoir/pouvoir et de discipline. La 17e (1963) et la 41e (2002) éditions ont été utilisées comme matériel de l'analyse dont l„objectif est de souligner quelles stratégies discursives ont été utilisées par l'auteur du livre, un médecin avec beaucoup de connaissance médicale notamment sur la pédiatrie, pour conduire le comportement maternel et paternel; quels savoirs et pouvoirs mis en circulation dans la subjectivité des parents ont été utilisés pour la promotion des enfants sains et en bonne santé; comment le Manuel ici considéré se constitue comme une technologie pour le gouvernement des familles et de l'enfance depuis près de sept décennies; à travers quelles stratégies l'expert promouvait des biopolitiques pour les mères; comment caractérisait-on les sujets enfantins considérés normaux et anormaux et quels étaient les modèles de famille, de mère, de père, de l'éducation des enfants élus dans cette publication . De l'analyse, on a vérifié la force du discours de la psychologie comme une façon de rendre les mères subjectives; l'exaltation de l'allaitement maternel dans les dernières décennies comme le seul moyen pour nourrir le bébé physiquement et « sur son plan émotif »; la centralité de la mère dans la vie du bébé et son rôle comme la responsable de tout ce qui se produit à l'enfant; l'adresse de la publication aux mères hétérosexuels, mariés, blanches, issues des classes moyenne et aisée et des zones urbaines, bien que les pères soient également cités dans les dernières éditions comme étant des figures importantes pour le bébé et, enfin, la vision évolutive du développement normal de l'enfant dans la publication étudiée. / Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar como o livro "A Vida do Bebê", talvez o maior e mais conhecido manual de infância do Brasil, escrito pelo pediatra brasileiro Rinaldo De Lamare, promove/promoveu biopolíticas dirigidas às mães para a constituição de infâncias saudáveis e normais. Ressalto o quanto o manual analisado desempenhou/desempenha uma função pedagógica, ensinando mães e pais a como agir com suas/seus filhas/filhos, como devem alimentá-los, que ambientes e brinquedos lhes devem proporcionar, assim produzindo subjetividades, identidades e saberes. Para a realização da análise, foram utilizados, como referencial teórico, os Estudos Culturais, a partir de um olhar pós-estruturalista, e os estudos de Foucault, principalmente os conceitos de biopolítica, governamento, saber/poder e disciplina. Como material de análise foram utilizadas duas edições do manual, a saber, a 17ª edição (de 1963) e a 41ª edição (de 2002), procurando-se enfatizar por meio de quais estratégias discursivas o autor do livro, investido do saber médico, em específico o pediátrico, conduzia as condutas maternas e paternas; quais os saberes e os poderes colocados em circulação na subjetivação materna e paterna para a promoção de crianças normais e saudáveis; como o manual aqui analisado constitui-se como tecnologia para o governo das famílias e das infâncias ao longo de quase sete décadas e através de que estratégias o especialista promovia biopolíticas dirigidas às mães; como eram caracterizados os sujeitos infantis tidos como normais e anormais e quais eram os modelos de família, mãe, pai, educação e criança promovidos na publicação. A partir da análise verificou-se a força do discurso da psicologia como forma de subjetivar as mães; a exaltação da amamentação nas últimas décadas como única forma de alimentar física e "emocionalmente" o bebê; a centralidade da mãe na vida do bebê, sendo esta responsabilizada por tudo que ocorrer com a criança; o endereçamento da publicação a mães heterossexuais, casadas, brancas, de classe média e alta e urbanas, embora nas últimas edições os pais tenham sido mais citados como também importantes para o bebê; e, por fim, a visão evolutiva do desenvolvimento da criança normal na publicação ora objeto de estudo. / This work aims at investigating how the book "A Vida do Bebê", probably the largest and major children's guide in Brazil, written by Brazilian paediatrician Rinaldo de Lamare, has encouraged biopolicies targeted to mothers for normal healthy early lives. I highlight to what extent the analysed guide has played its instructive role, teaching parents how to behave with their children, how to feed them, which environment and toys they should provide them, thus producing subjectivities, identities and knowledge. To conduct the analysis we have used as a theoretical referential the Cultural Studies from a poststructuralist perspective, and Foucauldian studies, particularly concepts of biopolicy, government, knowledge/power and discipline. We have used as analysis materials two issues of the guide 17th edition (1963) e 41st edition (2002), seeking to emphasise on which discursive strategies the author used as a doctor, specifically a paediatrician, to guide parents' behaviours; which pieces of knowledge and power were circulating in parents' subjectification to promote normal healthy children; how the analysed guide has been a tool to govern families and children throughout nearly seven decades, and which strategies the specialist encouraged biopolicies targeted to mothers; how infant-subjects were regarded normal and abnormal, and which were the models of family, mother, father, education and child provided in the book. With the analysis we have checked the strength of the psychological discourse as a way to subjectify mothers; extolling breast-feeding late decades as the only way to physically and 'emotionally' feed the baby; the mother's centrality in the baby's life when she is blamed for everything occurring to the child; the sending of the book for homosexual, married, white, high- and middle-class, and urban mothers, though in late editions fathers have also been mentioned as significant for the baby; and finally the evolutionary vision for the normal child's development in the book which is now the object of this work.