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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Investigação sobre a implantação de loteamentos e a ocorrência de processos erosivos: voçoroca situada no Jardim Santa Edwirges em Ponta Grossa - PR

Prieto, Carla Corrêa 26 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Correa Prieto.pdf: 8419682 bytes, checksum: 9829b418de394d33b2eb17754ec8a160 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The urban area of Ponta Grossa city, located in Parana state, South of Brazil, has different kinds of erosion process, as landslides, river erosion, hillslopes, piping and gully erosion. These processes occur even in authorized as much as in unauthorized areas. The present research intends to comprehend the relations connecting the urban planning and the erosion process occurrences. As a base for the research, it was studied a gully erosion located near Jardim Santa Edwirges and Vila Romana. As well, the aims of this study it to comprehend which were the factors that influenced the occurrence and the evolution of this gully erosion. Therefore, the present research intends to investigate the relation between the rock base and its fragility to accelerated erosion, besides, it has been done an analysis of the rain data from 1946 to 2009, as the water is known as a relevant factor in the erosion process. Finally, it has been made chronological analysis, aiming to comprehend the influence of the street shapes, especially without a drainage system, as an influence in the development and evolution of the gully channels. Although, to elaborate the chronological analysis, it was used aerial photographs and a satellite image. The dates chosen were 1980, 1995 and 2009, because those were the available images with appropriated scale/resolution, according to the size of the studied area. It was also made a comparison of photographs and information acquired in loco, during the research time, as they made possible to observe the recent changes and the fast environmental degradation. / A área urbana do município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, possui diferentes tipos de processos erosivos como escorregamentos, solapamentos de margens e desmoronamentos, além de erosão subterrânea remontante com colapsos associados e voçorocas. Estes processos ocorrem tanto em área de ocupação regular como irregular. Com isso, realizou-se o presente trabalho com o intuito de compreender quais são as relações entre o planejamento urbano e a ocorrência de processos erosivos. Foi utilizada como base para o estudo a voçoroca que se localiza nas proximidades do Jardim Santa Edwirges e da Vila Romana. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é compreender quais são os fatores que possibilitaram a ocorrência e o contínuo aumento da voçoroca em questão. Para tanto, o presente trabalho visou investigar a relação entre o substrato geológico e sua fragilidade para ocorrência de erosão acelerada, realizou-se uma análise dos índices pluviométricos de Ponta Grossa entre 1946 e 2009, visto que a água é um fator relevante na ocorrência de processos erosivos. E finalmente, foram realizadas análises temporais para compreender a influência do traçado das ruas, mesmo que sem pavimentação, porém sem sistemas de captação de água pluvial completos, como influencia na formação e no crescimento dos canais da voçoroca. Desse modo, para a elaboração do estudo temporal, foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas e imagem de satélite. As datas escolhidas para a análise da evolução foram 1980, 1995 e 2006 em decorrência da disponibilidade de material com escala/resolução espacial compatíveis com o tamanho da área estudada. Realizou-se a comparação de fotografia e informações obtidas em campo, ao longo do período da pesquisa, visando observar as alterações recentes, e a rapidez da degradação do ambiente.
22

Estudo do desencadeamento das erosões lineares concentradas em uma área do município de São Pedro/SP / Study of the trigger of concentrated gully erosion in an area of São Pedro/SP

Thiago Peixoto de Araujo 02 May 2011 (has links)
O presente trabalho propõe índices que indicam o limiar topográfico para predição do desencadeamento de canais de erosão linear em uma região de clima tropical. A área escolhida para a realização do estudo localiza-se no município de São Pedro/SP e apresenta uma área de aproximadamente 7 \'KM POT.2\'. Nesta área foi realizado um inventário detalhado das feições erosivas pré-existentes para obtenção dos valores das áreas das bacias de contribuição, considerando as cabeceiras de algumas erosões e as declividades médias dessas áreas, por meio de ferramentas de SIG e também por fotografias aéreas ortorretificadas. Trabalhos de campo, com o auxílio de GPS de precisão, permitiram definir a situação atual das erosões e com o uso de fotografias aéreas de anos anteriores foi possível observar a sua evolução. Com isso, através dos mapas em SIG, como MDT, declividade, direção de fluxo e etc. foram obtidos os valores de área de contribuição (A) e declividade média (S). Os valores de A x S foram apresentados em gráficos que permitiram identificar o ponto mínimo para a ocorrência de um evento erosivo e estabelecer de forma empírica os limiares topográficos que definem as condições para o início do processo erosivo. Para o Índice I foram feitas duas equações (uma para canais menos profundos que 1 metro e outra para canais mais profundos que 1 metro) e para o Índice II foi obtida apenas uma equação, pois em fotografias aéreas nas escalas disponíveis (1:25.000 e 1:30.000) foram possíveis serem observados apenas os canais profundos. Os índices obtidos neste trabalho foram para o Índice I: S = 0,0219A(-0,376) (canais profundos) e S = 0,0128A(-0,443) (canais rasos); enquanto que para o Índice II o valor obtido é: S = 0,0588A(-0,377). Para a validação destes índices propostos, foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos para obtenção das áreas de contribuição (A) e declividade média (S), porém em outra área. A área escolhida para se fazer a validação dos índices foi a Bacia do Ribeirão do Meio, que apresenta 48 \'KM POT.2\' aproximados de área e apresenta características físicas semelhantes da área utilizada neste presente estudo, ou seja, apresenta semelhança em geologia, geomorfologia, clima, uso e ocupação. Foi observado com esta validação, que todos os pontos com problemas de erosão da área usada para validação localizam-se dentro da área prevista pelos índices para ocorrência de problemas de erosão, o que significa dizer que os índices exprimem o limiar topográfico para erosões lineares nas condições encontradas na área de estudo e em áreas semelhantes. / This paper proposes indexes indicating the topographic threshold for predicting the trigger of gully erosion in a tropical climate region. The area chosen for the study is located in São Pedro/SP and presents an area of approximately 7 \'KM POT.2\' . In this area was carried out a detailed inventory of pre-existing erosion to obtain the values of watershed areas of contribution, considering the headwaters of some erosions and the mean slope of these areas, using GIS tools and also orthorectified aerial photographs. Fieldwork, with the assistance of GPS accuracy, allowed defining the current condition of erosion and with the use of aerial photographs from previous years was possible to observe its evolution. Thus, through the maps in GIS, as DEM, Slope, Flow Direct ion among others, were obtained values from contribution area (A) and mean slope (S). The values of A x S were represented in charts al lowing to identify the lower point for the occurrence of an erosion event and establish empirical ly the topographic thresholds that def ine the conditions for initiating the erosion process. For the index I were made two equations (one for channels less than 1 meter deep and one for channels deeperthan 1 meter) and Index II was obtained only one equation, because in aerial photographs available (scales1:25,000 and 1:30,000) were possible only be observed the deep channels. The indexes obtained in this paper were for the Index I: S = 0,0219A(-0,376) (deep channels) and S = 0,0128A(-0,443) (shallow channels), while the index II the value obtained is: S = 0,0588A(-0,377). To validate these proposed indexes, the same procedures were performed to obtain the contribution area (A) and mean slope (S), but in another area. The area chosen to perform the validation of the indexes was the Basin Ribeirão do Meio, which is 48 \'KM POT.2\' extents and shows similarity in geology, geomorphology, climate, use and occupation. The results have been showed that the selected points with erosion problem of the area used for validation are located wi thin the area specified by the indexes for the occurrence of erosion problems, which means that the indexes reflect the topographic threshold for gully erosions in conditions found in the study area and similar areas.
23

Limites críticos topográficos de feições erosivas lineares em Piratininga (SP) / Topographical threshold of gully erosions in Piratininga (SP)

Rodrigo Augusto Stabile 30 January 2013 (has links)
Considerando a importância de se definir as condições críticas para a deflagração, desenvolvimento e estabilização das voçorocas e outras feições erosivas lineares, e tendo em conta as poucas abordagens nesse sentido realizadas no Brasil, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é avaliar os limites críticos topográficos para o desenvolvimento das formas resultantes da erosão linear em Piratininga (SP). Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a identificação e caracterização das feições erosivas por meio de fotografias aéreas e in situ; a mensuração da declividade (S) em campo e com diversas resoluções de Modelo Digital de Terreno (MDT) e da Área de Contribuição (A) também a partir do MDT; e, a definição dos limites críticos topográficos na forma da seguinte Função Potência: S = a × . A linha do limite crítico foi ajustada no limite inferior dos dados, paralelamente à inclinação linha ortogonal de regressão de S e A. As feições erosivas foram categorizadas em 4 classes e 13 subclasses de acordo com seus aspectos morfométricos e indicadores dos processos atuantes. A mensuração de S e A por diferentes métodos resultou em algumas variações significativas nos dados gerados, sobretudo na comparação entre os valores obtidos em campo e pelo MDT. Foi obtido o seguinte limite crítico topográfico: S = 0,064 × ,, que tem coeficientes semelhantes a outras pesquisas que analisaram feições erosivas resultantes do escoamento subsuperficial. A distinção entre as feições erosivas onde ainda há indícios de recuo das cabeceiras e feições erosivas que já atingiram o equilíbrio, assim como a análise dos pontos de início dos processos erosivos em relação ao limite crítico, forneceu bases empíricas para a discussão da evolução das feições erosivas lineares em relação ao limite crítico topográfico e também para ao entendimento dos estados estável e instável dos voçorocamentos, permitindo a construção de um modelo teórico de previsão da estabilidade e instabilidade das feições erosivas baseado na relação entre a declividade e a área de contribuição em diferentes perfis de encosta. / Considering the importance of defining the critical conditions for the generation, development and stabilization of gullies and other erosional features, and taking into account the few approaches accordingly held in Brazil, the aim of this research is to evaluate the topographical critical limits for developing of gully erosion in Piratininga (SP). The methodological procedures involved: the identification and characterization of the gullies using aerial photographs and in situ; measurement of the slope (S) in the field and with various resolutions of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and drainage area (A) also from DTM, and the definition of topographical thresholds in the form of following Power Function: S = a × . The topographical threshold line has been set at the lower limit of data, parallel to the slope of orthogonal regression line of S and A. The erosional features were categorized into 4 classes and 13 subclasses according to their morphometric aspects and indicators of active processes. The measurement of S and A by different methods resulted in some significant changes in the data generated, particularly when comparing the values obtained in the field and the DTM. We obtained the following topographic threshold: S = 0,064 × , which has coefficients similar to other studies that analyzed erosional features resulting from subsurface flow. The distinction between active and stabilized gullies, as well as analysis of the starting points of erosion in relation to threshold line, provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the evolution of gullies in relation to the topographic threshold line and also for the understanding of stable and active states of gullies, allowing the construction of a theoretical model for predicting the stability and instability of the gullies based on the relationship between slope and drainage area in different slope profiles.
24

Rôle de l’érosion ravinaire dans l’envasement des retenues collinaires dans la Dorsale tunisienne et le Cap Bon / Role of gully erosion in the siltation of reservoirs in the Tunisian Dorsal and the Cape Bon (Tunisia)

Ben Slimane, Abir 25 March 2013 (has links)
L'érosion hydrique touche près de 3 millions d'hectares des sols agricoles en Tunisie, et constitue une menace pour la durabilité des retenues collinaires destinées à mobiliser les eaux de surface. La très forte densité des systèmes ravinaires en Tunisie, comme dans bon nombre de régions méditerranéennes, pose la question de leur rôle dans le comblement des retenues. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif général de ce travail de thèse est de proposer une méthodologie qui permette d'évaluer la contribution relative de l'érosion ravinaire (ravines/oued) et de l'érosion de surface (diffuse/ rigoles) dans les flux de sédiments à l'exutoire des petits bassins versants (0,1-10 km²) sur des périodes d'observations suffisamment longues (une quinzaine d'année). La démarche proposée s'appuie sur la méthode de traçage des sources de sédiments développée par Walling (1999), et consiste à exploiter le caractère stable de certains éléments pour discriminer les sources de sédiments accumulés dans les retenues collinaires. Les différentes étapes de cette approche consistent en : i) l'identification des traceurs potentiels; ii) l'analyse de ces traceurs dans les échantillons «source» et dans les carottes prélevées dans les sédiments de la retenue; iii) l'application d‘un modèle de mélange associé à un modèle de Monte Carlo. Les résultats de cette méthode de traçage testée prioritairement sur un bassin versant expérimental (Kamech) ont été par la suite validés par deux approches indépendantes d'estimation des volumes de terres érodés. Sur Kamech, les résultats montrent la prédominance de l'érosion de surface qui représente près de 80% de l'érosion totale dont le taux moyen atteint 15 t/ha/an. Cette application a également permis de dégager des recommandations concernant la stratégie d'échantillonnage des carottes au sein des sédiments piégés dans les retenues collinaires pour limiter les incertitudes liées à l'échantillonnage. La méthode a ensuite été appliquée à quatre autres bassins versants choisis pour représenter au mieux la diversité des paysages de la Dorsale Tunisienne et du Cap Bon. La comparaison des résultats pour les cinq bassins versants étudiés montre une large variabilité des comportements érosifs : trois bassins montrent une prédominance de l'érosion de surface et nécessitent la mise en place de pratiques culturales protectrices de la ressource en sol alors que les deux autres bassins sont dominés par l'érosion ravinaire et nécessitent de recourir prioritairement à des mesures structurelles telles que des aménagements de ravines. Ces différences de comportements érosifs entre bassins ont été confrontées aux caractéristiques des sites en vue de fournir des clés de prédiction.Mots clefs : Erosion ravinaire. Erosion de surface. Bassins versants. Retenues collinaires. Traçage des sources de sédiments. Télédétection. Tunisie. / Water erosion affects nearly 3 million hectares of agricultural soil in Tunisia, and presents a threat to the sustainability of reservoirs to store surface waters. The high density of gully systems in Tunisia, like in many Mediterranean regions, raises the question of their role in the siltation of reservoirs. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to propose a methodology for evaluating the relative contribution of gully erosion (gullies/channel) compared to surface erosion (rill and interrill) in sediment fluxes at the outlet of small catchments (0.1-10 km ²), for pluri-annual periods (about 15 years). The proposed approach is based on the method of fingerprinting sediment sources developed by Walling et al. (1999), and takes advantage of the stable nature of certain elements to discriminate the origin of sediment trapped in reservoirs. The different steps of this approach consist in i) the identification of potential tracers adapted to the objectives of the study, ii) the quantification of these tracers in sources samples and in sediment cores, iii) the application of a mixing model combined with a Monte Carlo model. The results of this fingerprinting approach primarily tested on the Kamech experimental catchment were subsequently validated using eroded soil volumes estimated by two independent approaches. The results for this catchment show the dominance of surface erosion which represents nearly 80% of the 15 t/ha/year of total erosion. In addition, guidelines for method application have been proposed, including the implementation of a core sampling strategy which limits the level of uncertainty to less than 10%. The method was then applied to four other catchments representative of the diversity of the Tunisian Dorsal and Cape Bon landscapes. The comparison of the results for the five studied catchments shows a wide variability of erosion behaviour. Surface erosion is the dominant process in three catchments which require the establishment of protective cultivation of the soil resource. The two other catchments are dominated by gully erosion and require the priority use of structural measures such as improvements of gullies and bank channel protection. These differences between catchments have been related to the characteristics of the sites in order to identify predictive factors.Keywords: Gully Erosion. Rill and Interrill Erosion. Catchments. Reservoirs. Sediment Fingerprinting. Remote Sensing. Tunisia.
25

As unidades geomorfológicas e a erosão acelerada na bacia do Ribeirão Estiva. Uberlândia. MG

Pereira, Kátia Gisele de Oliveira 12 June 2001 (has links)
Soil erosion can be under stood as being a result of environmental conditioning in addition to soil and climatic conditions as well as taking into consideration socio-cultural variables involved in its use. The research conducted offers information pertaining to environmental characteristics associated with erosion and regional character is tics were initially examined. Subsequently, significant character is tics of the Ribeirão Estiva basin were identified, providing a framework for reference of its contours (shape) which were classified in the following geomorphological unit s: Elevations (summits) with fissures ( in staggered format ion) and steep slopes ; slopes with assorted levels of fissures ; gent le slopes and alluvial plains for which the advancing process of erosion was identified. The information obtained was classified based on bibliographic research of thematic mapping of field studies and soil analysis with the goal of defining environmental processes of erosion. This explanation of erosion processes may be useful in the management of hydrographic basins and as a resource for students studying this phenomenon. In addition, it will provide useful information for resident s of Miraporanga District and Ribeirão Estiva basin. / A erosão dos solos pode ser compreendida como resultado das condicionantes ambientais, relevo, solo e cl ima, apropriados pela variável social, cultural expressa na ocupação e manejo das paisagens. O presente trabalho pretende oferecer informações sobre as características ambientais relacionadas aos processos erosivos mais intensos. Abordou -se num primeiro momento, os aspectos ambientais regionais, num segundo momento, procurou-se destacar a Bacia do Ribeirão Estiva contextualizando suas formas e feições em Unidades Geomorfológicas classificadas como, Áreas de cimeira com rupturas escalonadas , subdividida em, borda escarpada, Áreas de vertentes com diferentes níveis de rupturas, Áreas de vertentes suaves com baixas declividades e Planícies Aluvionares. Nestas unidades foram identificados os processos de erosão acelerada. Esse conhecimento foi sistematizado através da pesquisa bibliográfica, dos mapeamentos temáticos, dos trabalhos de campo e de análise de solos visando a definir uma caracterização ambiental dos processos erosivos. Esta podendo ser utilizada para futuras propostas de manejo de bacia hidrográfica, ou mesmo como fonte de pesquisa para os alunos e moradores do Distrito de Miraporanga e da Bacia do ribeirão Estiva. / Mestre em Geografia
26

Time-lapse monitoring of sidewall mass-wasting events in a Northeast Tennessee gully

McConnell, Nicholas, Luffman, Ingrid, Nandi, Arpita 05 April 2018 (has links)
In the southern Appalachians, the dominant soil order, Ultisols, is highly susceptible to erosion. If left unmanaged these soils can develop into gully systems resulting in land degradation. This study examines gully development through sidewall mass-wasting events at a high temporal resolution using 30 minute time-lapse photography. Prior research at this site found significant mass wasting events occurring between weekly monitoring periods. By shortening the interval of observation to 30-minutes, a more accurate understanding of the frequency and intensity of these mass-wasting events, and their relation to meteorological factors, can be determined. Photographs of a gully (approximately 1.5 m deep by 3 m wide at the top) were captured every 30 minutes from 11/29/17 - 2/18/2018 with a WingScape outdoor time-lapse camera mounted on a plastic stake 3.16 m from the gully facing northwest and upstream into the gully channel. A total of n=1648 images were coded using presence/absence indices for six observed geomorphic processes: creep on NE facing sidewall, creep on SW facing sidewall, slump on NE facing sidewall, slump on SW facing sidewall, channel aggradation, and channel development. Precipitation and temperature data were collected every 5 minutes using a Davis Vantage Pro 2 weather station located 240 m from the gully, and were aggregated to various time intervals. Precipitation received in previous 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours were calculated for each image. Two binary temperature variables were generated with values of “1” if temperature dropped below 0 °C (32 °F) during the prior 30 minutes or 24 hours, respectively, and “0” otherwise. Logistic regression models (forward conditional method) for the six geomorphic index variables were generated using the precipitation and temperature data. For creep on the NE facing sidewall, the significant independent variables are 3 hour and 72 hour prior rain, and freeze conditions in the previous 0.5 and 24 hours. On the SW facing sidewall, rain and temperature variables were also important for creep; rain in the previous 12 and 24 hours, and freeze conditions within the previous 24 hours were retained in the model. For slumping on both the NE and SW facing sidewall, recent and prolonged rain were important. Specifically, 1, 6, 12, and 24 hour rainfall were retained in both models, with the addition of 3 hour rainfall in the NE facing sidewall slump model. No temperature variables were retained. For channel aggradation (deposition of material in the channel), rain in the prior 12 and 72 hours, and freezing in the prior 24 hours were important, suggesting that freeze-thaw processes loosen the soil, and subsequent rain events carry material into the channel. When rain stops, the material is then deposited in the channel. Interestingly, no viable model could be developed for channel development (erosion) using these parameters. These results will be useful to quantify meteorological controls on gully erosion at short temporal scales.
27

[pt] DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DOS PROCESSOS DE VOÇOROCAMENTO NO MÉDIO VALE DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL-RJ / [en] SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GULLY PROCESSES IN THE MIDDLE VALLEY OF PARAÍBA DO SUL RIVER-RJ

ANA PAULA MORAIS DE LIMA 08 September 2020 (has links)
[pt] O processo de voçorocamento é apontado em muitas pesquisas como consequência do uso do solo, sobretudo da ação antrópica. Entretanto, no médio vale do rio Paraíba do Sul (RJ/SP), tem se observado que áreas sob o mesmo tipo de cobertura e uso do solo apresentam comportamentos diferentes quanto a ocorrência de voçorocas, indicando que existem outros fatores que determinam, de forma mais intensa, a ocorrência desse processo. Desta forma, esse trabalho se propôs a investigar os fatores que podem influenciar a distribuição diferencial do processo de voçorocamento nesta paisagem. Foram selecionadas as bacias mais próximas à calha principal do rio Paraíba do Sul e foram plotadas (em imagem de satélite, com método de fotointerpretação) todas as voçorocas identificadas nesta área. A distribuição espacial de voçorocas foi comparada com outros dados da região (unidades litológicas, cobertura e uso e aspectos morfométricos do relevo). Ao todo foram plotadas 671 voçorocas. Destas 671, 99 (14,7 por cento) foram identificadas como resultado de cortes de estrada e 572 (85,3 por cento) sem apararente relação direta com os cortes de estrada. O resultado da análise evidenciou a predominância deste processo sobre a unidade metassedimentar do gnaisse Paraíba do Sul, caracterizado por um material bastante friável quando decomposto. Além disso, a proximidade da calha principal do rio Paraíba do sul também exerce influência como nível de base regional, determinando o limite do processo erosivo. / [en] Gully erosion have been indicated in many researches as a consequence of the use of land use and land cover. However, it has been observed, in middle Paraíba do Sul river valley, that areas on the same type of current and past land use cover presents different behaviors regarding the occurence of gullies. This indicates that there are other factors that determine the occurenc of this process. The factors that may influence the diferencial distribution of the gully erosion process in this landscape were investigated. Initially, the watersheds closest to the main waterway of the Paraíba do Sul river were selected and all gullies were identified in this área. The spatial distribution of gullies was compared with other data of the region (lithologic units structure, land use cover and morphometric aspects of relief). In all, 671 gullies were plotted. Of these 671, 99 (14,7 percent) were identified as resulto f roads, and 572 (85,3 percent) with no apparent direct relation to this. The result of the analysis evidenced that the predominance of gully erosion is on the metassedimentary lithologic unit of the Paraiba do Sul gneiss. This lithologic unit is characterized by a very friable material when decomposed. In addition, the proximity of the main channel of the Paraiba do Sul river also exerts influences as a regional base level, determining the limit of the erosive process.

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