Different companies and advertising organizations along the time have been employing nudity as an ultimate tool to advertise their products or services and therefore attain the attention of the target market. Even though the tradition of presenting contents which include naked models has been somewhat a well-rooted strategy for decades but a significant factor that has not yet been studied enough is the attitude that target customers shape towards the mentioned sorts of advertisements. Considering the fact that companies may be able to plan more efficiently for their prospective advertisements by studying the customers' attitude and reaction, this research has put its primary focus on describing the attitude of customers towards advertisements bound with the concept of nudity and investigating into the opinions of target customers. After execution of various interviews and data collection, the findings of the study designate that customers depending on multiple criteria would potentially demonstrate both positive and negative attitudes towards an advertisement containing naked models regardless of representing one culture and nationality.

Esta tese consiste em um estudo da composição musical como resposta a estímulos e motivações, a partir de reflexões sobre um grupo de peças compostas durante o doutoramento. O intuito é compreender e exemplificar o modo como vivências do compositor motivam suas intenções composicionais e expressivas e como o percurso criativo é responsivo a elas. A reflexão sobre a produção artística e teórica de outros compositores, bem como de pesquisas na área de teoria e da performance musical, contribui com a construção argumentativa do estudo. A tese está organizada em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo aborda a composição musical como resposta, à luz do conceito de enunciado, segundo o entendimento de Mikhail Bakhtin, para quem a enunciação é delineada pela intenção do sujeito em um contexto específico, como parte de uma cadeia responsiva contínua. O segundo apresenta o conceito de intenção expressiva, o qual é compreendido como as primeiras conjecturas, reflexões e planejamentos do conteúdo sonoro da composição, a partir de escritos de Roger Reynolds. No terceiro capítulo, é focalizado o conceito de imaginário sonoro para abordar vivências e experiências musicais do compositor como motivação de suas intenções composicionais e expressivas. Neste capítulo, a concepção de imaginário sonoro apresentada por Fernando Cerqueira contribui para o entendimento do conceito. As conclusões traçam uma revisão sobre esta tese, evidenciam a realização dos objetivos e indicam possibilidades de desenvolvimentos futuros do estudo da composição musical como resposta. Constata-se que a composição musical como resposta ao imaginário sonoro do compositor é constituinte das diversas facetas que se desdobram do processo criativo do portfólio, colaborando para o entendimento da composição musical em âmbito mais abrangente. / This thesis consists in a study of musical composition as response to stimuli and motivations using a set of pieces composed during the doctorate as the starting point for the reflections. The purpose of this study is to understand and exemplify how the composer’s experiences motivate their compositional and expressive intentions, and how the creative process is responsive. The reflection on the artistic and theoretical production of other composers as well as researches in the music theory and performances field contributes to the argumentative construction of the study. The thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter approaches the musical composition as response in the light of the concept of utterance according to the understanding of Mikhail Bakhtin, for whom the utterance is delineated by the subject’s intents in a specific context as part of a continuous responsive chain. The second chapter introduces the concept of expressive intent which is understood as the first adumbration, reflections and planning of the content on the composition according to the writings of Roger Reynolds. The third chapter refers to the composer’s musical and affective experiences that motivate his compositional and expressive intent, by the concept of sound imagery. In this section Fernando Cerqueira’s ideas on sound imagery contributes to understanding the concept. The conclusions give a review of this thesis, demonstrate the accomplishment of the objectives and point to further developments in the study of musical composition as response. This reflection ascertains that the approach of musical composition as a response to the composer’s sound imagery is constitutive of various facets which make up the creative process of the portfolio, contributing to the understanding of musical composition on a broader scope.

This work has aimed to implement an easy-to-use application which can be used to navigate through aerial imagery, assign sections of this image for different classes. Based on these category assignments the application can autonomously assign categories to so-far unknown fields, hence it helps the user in further classification. The output of the application is an index file, which can serve as underlying dataset for further analysis of a given area from geographic or economic point-of-view. To fulfil this task the program uses standard MPEG-7 descriptors to perform the feature extraction upon which the classification relies.

The majority of adolescents diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Gauteng complained of being tired of 1'talk therapy" . This study used imagery as a technique in the treatment of two adolescents suffering from MDD. The initial identification was based on the results of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After a number of sessions of implementing imagery techniques, the BDI was readministered. To determine the long-term effectiveness of imagery, the BDI was again administered a month-and-a-half after completion of the sessions. The results before and after indicate a reduction in the severity of depression. The results at the month-and-a-half follow-up session indicated a further reduction in the level of depression in both cases. This indicates the long-tenn effectiveness of imagery in treating depression. Further research is required, but there are significant indications that imagery may be an effective technique in the treatment of depressed adolescents under psychiatric supervision. / Educational studies / M.Ed (Guidance and Counseling)

xiii, 205 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This study examined idiom understanding in 120 neurologically healthy adults, ages 20-29 (20s Group), 40-49 (40s Group), 60-69 (60s Group), and 80-89 (80s Group) years old. Each participant was administered a familiarity task, definition explanation task, mental imagery task, and forced-choice comprehension task. Twenty idioms, 10 transparent and 10 opaque, were used with no supporting contexts. Participants were asked to rate the familiarity of each idiom, to provide a definition of each, to generate a mental image of each, and to select the best definition of each from among four options. It was predicted that younger and older adults would perform equally well on the comprehension task but that older adults would perform poorer than younger adults on the explanation task. Additionally, mental imagery of idioms was expected to become more figurative with advancing age, and participants were expected to perform better on highly familiar and transparent idioms than on less familiar and opaque ones. Participants rated all 20 idioms as highly familiar, with the lowest familiarity rating for participants in the 20s Group. No significant differences were found on the forced-choice comprehension task across the four age groups although the 20s Group scored the lowest among all age groups. The 60s Group performed significantly better than the 20s Group on the definition explanation task, but no significant differences were found between the other age groups. No significant differences were found in generating mental images between transparent and opaque idioms, and mental images tended to be figurative rather than literal for both types of idioms. The present study adds to our knowledge of idiom understanding across adulthood. Familiarity seemed to play a stronger role than transparency in idiom understanding in adults. Once an idiom was learned and stored as a lexical unit, people used the idiomatic meaning and generated figurative mental imagery immediately without accessing the literal meaning or the literal mental image. / Committee in charge: Marilyn Nippold, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Roland Good, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Deborah Olson, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Nathaniel Teich, Outside Member, English

In this study the role played by metaphor in psychotherapy is investigated. Issues discussed, included the formulation of a definition of metaphor as well as an adequate theory of metaphor. The place metaphor holds in thought and learning; as well as how it has found its expression within some psychotherapeutic traditions are also discussed. The primary aim of the dissertation is to illustrate the versatility of metaphor, enabling it to be a significant and powerful tool in the hand of the psychotherapist. The application of various forms of metaphor is illustrated through case studies which offer a discussion of how the specific type of metaphor had been applied in psychotherapy. In conclusion, some recommendations are made with regard to further research within the fields of psychotherapy and neuropsychology. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

PEREIRA, Germana da Cruz; BAPTISTA, Lívia Márcia Tiba Rádis. As representações do gênero feminino no seriado televisivo A grande família: uma análise crítica do discurso imagético-verbal. 2014. 155f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-01-20T14:48:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_gcpereira.pdf: 2292347 bytes, checksum: 1a527b1debd01f0972ce35792daa43d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-01-20T15:56:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_gcpereira.pdf: 2292347 bytes, checksum: 1a527b1debd01f0972ce35792daa43d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-20T15:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_gcpereira.pdf: 2292347 bytes, checksum: 1a527b1debd01f0972ce35792daa43d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A cada ano/temporada são produzidos diversos seriados televisivos com grande aceitação por parte dos espectadores. Estas séries veiculam e legitimam, utilizando seu discurso imagético-verbal, representações, reforçando papéis sociais que podem ser orientados por certas ideologias. Essa construção e propagação de representações e ideologias acontece por meio de estruturas linguísticas e discursivas presentes no discurso midiático e utiliza recursos simbólicos e materiais, levando ao questionamento sobre como ocorre a articulação entre construção discursiva, cognição e sociedade, de modo a inserir-se na cadeia discursiva, afetando-a. Baseados na observação das transformações midiáticas e nos deslocamentos discursivos no que tange às questões de gênero e, sobretudo, aos papéis desempenhados pelas mulheres em nossa sociedade, levamos a cabo uma investigação cuja temática é o discurso imagético-verbal do seriado televisivo e as representações de gênero. Mais especificamente desenvolvemos um trabalho de análise crítica do discurso imagético-verbal do seriado televisivo brasileiro A Grande Família, exibido no período de 2001 a 2014, com foco no exame da dimensão ideológico-discursiva das representações sociais do gênero feminino. Para tanto, tomamos como base os Estudos Críticos do Discurso de van Dijk (2003; 2006; 2008) e seu conceito de Ideologia, os estudos das Representações Sociais, de Denise Jodelet (2001), de Serge Moscovici (2009) e Doise (2001), bem como os estudos sobre imagem e análise fílmica de Aumont (1993), Joly (2007) e Metz (2004), e os estudos de gênero de Scott (1995) e Buttler (2010). A partir destes autores traçamos um construto teórico-metodológico com o estabelecimento de categorias discursivas e sociais de modo a desenvolver um estudo analítico-interpretativista de abordagem qualitativa, confirmando a proposição inicial da pesquisa de que o discurso imagético-verbal do seriado televisivo A Grande Família constrói e partilha papéis sociais, bem como representações, sobretudo do gênero feminino, por meio da estereotipação das personagens e pelo alinhamento de seus discursos com uma ideologia vigente nos contextos de produção e recepção da série.

Le démélange spectral est un des sujets majeurs de l’analyse d’images hyperspectrales. Ce problème consiste à identifier les composants macroscopiques présents dans une image hyperspectrale et à quantifier les proportions (ou abondances) de ces matériaux dans tous les pixels de l’image. La plupart des algorithmes de démélange suppose un modèle de mélange linéaire qui est souvent considéré comme une approximation au premier ordre du mélange réel. Cependant, le modèle linéaire peut ne pas être adapté pour certaines images associées par exemple à des scènes engendrant des trajets multiples (forêts, zones urbaines) et des modèles non-linéaires plus complexes doivent alors être utilisés pour analyser de telles images. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier de nouveaux modèles de mélange non-linéaires et de proposer des algorithmes associés pour l’analyse d’images hyperspectrales. Dans un premier temps, un modèle paramétrique post-non-linéaire est étudié et des algorithmes d’estimation basés sur ce modèle sont proposés. Les connaissances a priori disponibles sur les signatures spectrales des composants purs, sur les abondances et les paramètres de la non-linéarité sont exploitées à l’aide d’une approche bayesienne. Le second modèle étudié dans cette thèse est basé sur l’approximation de la variété non-linéaire contenant les données observées à l’aide de processus gaussiens. L’algorithme de démélange associé permet d’estimer la relation non-linéaire entre les abondances des matériaux et les pixels observés sans introduire explicitement les signatures spectrales des composants dans le modèle de mélange. Ces signatures spectrales sont estimées dans un second temps par prédiction à base de processus gaussiens. La prise en compte d’effets non-linéaires dans les images hyperspectrales nécessite souvent des stratégies de démélange plus complexes que celles basées sur un modèle linéaire. Comme le modèle linéaire est souvent suffisant pour approcher la plupart des mélanges réels, il est intéressant de pouvoir détecter les pixels ou les régions de l’image où ce modèle linéaire est approprié. On pourra alors, après cette détection, appliquer les algorithmes de démélange non-linéaires aux pixels nécessitant réellement l’utilisation de modèles de mélange non-linéaires. La dernière partie de ce manuscrit se concentre sur l’étude de détecteurs de non-linéarités basés sur des modèles linéaires et non-linéaires pour l’analyse d’images hyperspectrales. Les méthodes de démélange non-linéaires proposées permettent d’améliorer la caractérisation des images hyperspectrales par rapport au méthodes basées sur un modèle linéaire. Cette amélioration se traduit en particulier par une meilleure erreur de reconstruction des données. De plus, ces méthodes permettent de meilleures estimations des signatures spectrales et des abondances quand les pixels résultent de mélanges non-linéaires. Les résultats de simulations effectuées sur des données synthétiques et réelles montrent l’intérêt d’utiliser des méthodes de détection de non-linéarités pour l’analyse d’images hyperspectrales. En particulier, ces détecteurs peuvent permettre d’identifier des composants très peu représentés et de localiser des régions où les effets non-linéaires sont non-négligeables (ombres, reliefs,...). Enfin, la considération de corrélations spatiales dans les images hyperspectrales peut améliorer les performances des algorithmes de démélange non-linéaires et des détecteurs de non-linéarités. / Spectral unmixing is one the major issues arising when analyzing hyperspectral images. It consists of identifying the macroscopic materials present in a hyperspectral image and quantifying the proportions of these materials in the image pixels. Most unmixing techniques rely on a linear mixing model which is often considered as a first approximation of the actual mixtures. However, the linear model can be inaccurate for some specific images (for instance images of scenes involving multiple reflections) and more complex nonlinear models must then be considered to analyze such images. The aim of this thesis is to study new nonlinear mixing models and to propose associated algorithms to analyze hyperspectral images. First, a ost-nonlinear model is investigated and efficient unmixing algorithms based on this model are proposed. The prior knowledge about the components present in the observed image, their proportions and the nonlinearity parameters is considered using Bayesian inference. The second model considered in this work is based on the approximation of the nonlinear manifold which contains the observed pixels using Gaussian processes. The proposed algorithm estimates the relation between the observations and the unknown material proportions without explicit dependency on the material spectral signatures, which are estimated subsequentially. Considering nonlinear effects in hyperspectral images usually requires more complex unmixing strategies than those assuming linear mixtures. Since the linear mixing model is often sufficient to approximate accurately most actual mixtures, it is interesting to detect pixels or regions where the linear model is accurate. This nonlinearity detection can be applied as a pre-processing step and nonlinear unmixing strategies can then be applied only to pixels requiring the use of nonlinear models. The last part of this thesis focuses on new nonlinearity detectors based on linear and nonlinear models to identify pixels or regions where nonlinear effects occur in hyperspectral images. The proposed nonlinear unmixing algorithms improve the characterization of hyperspectral images compared to methods based on a linear model. These methods allow the reconstruction errors to be reduced. Moreover, these methods provide better spectral signature and abundance estimates when the observed pixels result from nonlinear mixtures. The simulation results conducted on synthetic and real images illustrate the advantage of using nonlinearity detectors for hyperspectral image analysis. In particular, the proposed detectors can identify components which are present in few pixels (and hardly distinguishable) and locate areas where significant nonlinear effects occur (shadow, relief, ...). Moreover, it is shown that considering spatial correlation in hyperspectral images can improve the performance of nonlinear unmixing and nonlinearity detection algorithms.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relacionar e apresentar questões referentes ao Imaginário Social acerca do professor de Educação Física e o modo como se vê enquanto profissional na área de educação. No Estado e na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro o quadro do início dos anos 90 era de abandono do magistério, havia um sentimento de descrença e de desânimo sobre a categoria que agravava a situação coletiva. No passado, aproximadamente na década de 1920, a figura do professor era remetida a algo transcendental, alguém que exercia o ofício entre Deus e os homens, outras vezes a imagem do professor estava diretamente ligada a uma nobre missão ou sacerdócio. Com o tempo, as representações do professor começaram a sofrer profundas alterações. A atividade do magistério enquanto atividade sagrada se transforma, aos poucos, dando lugar a uma nova representação, a de que o professor é mais um trabalhador. Isso provoca um deslocamento de sua imagem sagrada para uma imagem profana, de cotidiano, mais uma mão-de-obra. Considerando este contexto, a questão que orienta este trabalho é: Qual a imagem que o Professor de Educação Física faz de si?

Aims There is a growing body of evidence that some individuals are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after life-threatening cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac arrest, which can result in distress, dysfunction and increased risk of mortality. In relation to this population, this thesis had two aims: to review the evidence regarding whether pain during MI predicts post-traumatic stress symptoms; and to explore the characteristics and impact of traumatic imagery experienced by individuals who develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress subsequent to MI or cardiac arrest. Methods A review of the evidence relating to pain as a potential risk factor for PTSD subsequent to MI is presented in the systematic review. The findings from a qualitative study investigating the characteristics of traumatic imagery and associated behaviours experienced by individuals who have symptoms of post-traumatic stress subsequent to MI or cardiac arrest, are presented in the journal article. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to identify themes in the data. Results The systematic review indicated that there are mixed findings for pain as a risk factor for PTSD subsequent to MI. The limited number of studies in this area and significant methodological limitations within the existing evidence make it difficult to draw any firm conclusions with regard to the relationship between pain and PTSD post-MI. With regard to the qualitative study, the majority of imagery related to flashbacks of the event and were focused mainly on external experiences. Themes arising from the distressing flashback imagery included: loss of control; realisation of threat; negative impact on others; physical sensations; and actions of others. Imaginary elements and distortions were a feature of some traumatic imagery experienced, and non-flashback imagery connected with mortality was also experienced. Imagery was associated with avoidance behaviour and affected behaviour within relationships. Conclusions Findings from the systematic review indicate that further studies are warranted in this area to establish the link between pain and PTSD post-MI. These studies should seek to address methodological limitations of the current evidence by using a standardised pain measurement tool; adopting a prospective design; using a diagnostic tool to measure PTSD; ensuring PTSD is measured at least one month after the MI; assessing prior PTSD of non-cardiac origin; including a sufficient sample size and using an appropriate method of recruitment to improve generalisability. External experiences during a cardiac event are the main focus of traumatic visual imagery experienced by people with intrusive post-traumatic stress symptoms post cardiac event. Specific aspects of the cardiac event may be particularly distressing and these may be represented in post-traumatic visual imagery. Both gradual exposure and imagery rescripting techniques may be useful for reducing distress associated with the imagery, depending on the type of imagery experienced.