[The first purpose of this work is to present a literary history of the Atlantic Monthly between 1909 and 1929. The second is to observe the decline of the genteel tradition in American intellectual life. In 1909 Ellery Sedgwick began his twenty-eight year editorship of the magazine and gradually but thoroughly remade its editorial policy, emphasizing current affairs and supplementing belles-lettres with less formal narratives of personal experience. Sedgwick's literary tastes were relatively conservative and those of his readers, who included vieilles filles of both sexes, more so. But the magazine continued to attract serious writers. During Sedgwick's first decade he published fiction and essays by Edith Wharton, J.J. Chapman, Owen Wister, H.L. Mencken, Agnes Repplier, Gamaliel Bradford, John Galsworthy, Laurence Binyon, F.L. Lucas, John Buchan, Edward Garnett, Havelock Ellis, John Masefield, H.G. Wells and Bertrand Russell. The traditional English literary influence remained strong.]

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-253).

O presente trabalho analisa sociologicamente a trajetória de Vilém Flusser, nascido em Praga e refugiado no Brasil, sua inserção no campo filosófico brasileiro e retoma suas obras deste período, para explicar a posição marginal do autor naquele cenário intelectual. Para tanto é reconstituída sua biografia desde Praga (1920-1940) até os anos em que viveu no Brasil (1941 a 1971). O autor desta dissertação mostra que o processo de marginalização intelectual sofrido por Vilém Flusser é intrínseco às suas obras, mas o resultado de tomadas de posição, configuração da disputa na filosofia e sua biografia. Inserido dentro dos estudos de sociologia da cultura, no âmbito da sociologia da vida intelectual, esta dissertação utiliza como referencial teórico principalmente autores como Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias, Joseph Ben-David, Wolf Lepenis e Fritz Ringer e utiliza para obtenção de seus resultados biografias, autobiografias, depoimentos, entrevistas, artigos de jornal e análise epistolaria. / This paper analyses sociologically Vilém Flussers trajectory (who was born in Prag and refugee in Brazil), his insertion in Brazilian philosophical field e retake his main works of the period, in order to explain the authors position as outsider among that intellectual scenario. To do so his biography is described since Prag (1920-1941) until the years he lived in Brazil (1941-1971). It also points out the names among the Paulista philosophical field, their works, their thought and their positions in the struggle for symbolical capital an intellectual hegemony. The author of this dissertation shows that process suffered by Flusser to become an intellectual outsider is not intrinsic to his works, otherwise is the result of the actions taken by the author, of the struggles configuration in the philosophical field and of his biography. This dissertation is inserted among the Sociology of Culture studies, the Intellectual Life Sociology and uses as theoretical reference mainly authors such as Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias, Joseph Ben-David, Wolf Lepenies and Fritz Ringer. To obtain its results were used biographies and autobiographies, testimonials, interviews, newspapers articles and letters analysis.

O presente trabalho analisa sociologicamente a trajetória de Vilém Flusser, nascido em Praga e refugiado no Brasil, sua inserção no campo filosófico brasileiro e retoma suas obras deste período, para explicar a posição marginal do autor naquele cenário intelectual. Para tanto é reconstituída sua biografia desde Praga (1920-1940) até os anos em que viveu no Brasil (1941 a 1971). O autor desta dissertação mostra que o processo de marginalização intelectual sofrido por Vilém Flusser é intrínseco às suas obras, mas o resultado de tomadas de posição, configuração da disputa na filosofia e sua biografia. Inserido dentro dos estudos de sociologia da cultura, no âmbito da sociologia da vida intelectual, esta dissertação utiliza como referencial teórico principalmente autores como Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias, Joseph Ben-David, Wolf Lepenis e Fritz Ringer e utiliza para obtenção de seus resultados biografias, autobiografias, depoimentos, entrevistas, artigos de jornal e análise epistolaria. / This paper analyses sociologically Vilém Flussers trajectory (who was born in Prag and refugee in Brazil), his insertion in Brazilian philosophical field e retake his main works of the period, in order to explain the authors position as outsider among that intellectual scenario. To do so his biography is described since Prag (1920-1941) until the years he lived in Brazil (1941-1971). It also points out the names among the Paulista philosophical field, their works, their thought and their positions in the struggle for symbolical capital an intellectual hegemony. The author of this dissertation shows that process suffered by Flusser to become an intellectual outsider is not intrinsic to his works, otherwise is the result of the actions taken by the author, of the struggles configuration in the philosophical field and of his biography. This dissertation is inserted among the Sociology of Culture studies, the Intellectual Life Sociology and uses as theoretical reference mainly authors such as Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias, Joseph Ben-David, Wolf Lepenies and Fritz Ringer. To obtain its results were used biographies and autobiographies, testimonials, interviews, newspapers articles and letters analysis.

This thesis examines the balance between copyright owners and users by studying the nature of the rights and exceptions related to transmission of copyrighted works over the internet, focusing on three different jurisdictions: Australia, Japan and the United States.The choice of Japan and the United States is based on consideration of the following elements: 1. Both countries possess advanced information technology; 2. Both countries too the lead in legislating for copyright protection in the digital environment; 3. Both countries have different legal systems. In the matter of statutory reaction of transmission of works over the internet, there is no uniform solution around the world as the divergent laws in the three chosen countries demonstrate.

The competitive environment in the banking industry globally and in South Africa is putting immense pressure on companies to keep track of changes in technology, customer demands, and market trends. Responses to the above will allow a company in South Africa to improve customer service and thus remain competitive and relevant. This dissertation is to determine the status and interpretation of intellectual capital (intangible assets) within a South African banking and service company. This study explores the way in which intellectual capital characteristics contribute towards a competitive advantage. A case study method was applied and interviews were conducted to capture responses. The questions were structured, but the discussions allowed for additional questions to be asked during the interviews.

Technological breakthroughs experienced globally have opened new avenues of opportunities; creating a virtual environment that transforms and changes businesses, organisations, social, economical and political landscapes. Such a wave of change affects all walks of life as internet connectivity gives the web a presence that engulfs workplaces and other organisational settings. In maintaining competitiveness, organisations strive to use knowledge to create value in the challenging new environment. The study aimed to develop a framework that will be used for the critical evaluation of strategies for value creation within knowledge-driven organisations using available resources. The research used mixed methods in two case studies; the first for developing a conceptual framework and the second for critiquing it. Through a literature review and observation at AB institute main venue, case study 1 identified crucial intangibles for creating value. Knowledge workers (academics and non-academics) were the study participants in primary research that used indepth interviews and questionnaires to collect data. Over four phases, the study unfolded to three neighbouring institutions for a wider representation. All the institutions covered in case study 1 were within the higher learning industry. The data were analysed and the findings revealed six features and six themes in two separate models, which formed the conceptual framework. The framework models were denoted as part A and B. Part A: the organisational Critical Evaluation of Strategies for Value Creation xv perspective shows the context within the features: ‘knowledge flow, departments, new entrants, dynamic, recognition and the deliverables’. The individual global perspective forms part B with the themes: individual commitment, emotional capital, proactive environment, workplace interaction, value creation process and endless global connectivity. The four phases of the research process in case study 1 eased data collection, in triangulation for the convergance of evidence which produced the conceptual framework. Case study 2 started in the UK and later in Tanzania was designed to critique the conceptual framework, the outcome of case study 1. Knowledge workers comprising ‘academics and non-academics’ from higher learning and other organisations formed the participantsin the 57 in-depth interviews of which had data collection under the instrument based on informed consent and confidentiality. Using mixed methods the data were analysed and findings presented as a condensed ‘qualitative knowledge’ of themes and features in ‘focused codes’ as a matrix to merge the models of the framework. The findings suggest that the framework will enhance understanding as a guide to unleash and create value; a lens for both decision makers and knowledge workers to use action research in endeavour to seize opportunities and initiatives for creating value through existing practices. It is a guide to harness ideas from interconectivity changing them into workable realities. The main contribution of the research is the developed framework and body of knowledge from the primary research findings of case studies 1 and 2.

Background: As a result of the changes in support for adults with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and the increasing emphasis on independent living within the community, individuals commonly live in their own homes with support provided by voluntary or private services. As a result, support staff play a huge role in the lives of adults with ID and are often the mediators of interventions aimed at reducing distress or the occurrence of challenging behaviour. Issues relating to the well-being of support staff and how they manage behaviours that challenge services are central to the quality of the lives of adults with ID. Method: A systematic review was carried out regarding interventions aimed at reducing stress felt by staff supporting adults with ID, with the aim of informing the clinical practice of psychologists that work with such staff groups. An empirical study employing the qualitative methodology of grounded theory was also conducted to explore the experiences of staff working with clinical psychologists outside of their organisation in the development of support guidelines aimed at reducing challenging behaviour. Results: Findings from the Systematic Review highlighted the lack of high quality intervention studies aimed at reducing stress in staff. Some tentative support was found for interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and those taking a more practical problem-solving approach. The empirical study resulted in a tentative model within which the role of expectations was highlighted as key to staff’s experiences of working with professionals. Conclusion: Further research is required in order to identify the most effective ways to reduce stress experienced by staff working with adults with ID. The constructed theoretical model suggests ways in which psychologists can understand the experience of staff and has implications for their practice.

David Jones (1895-1974), the Anglo-Welsh, Roman Catholic, poet, artist, and essayist, believed that Western civilisation was in decline. From his formative experience as a private in the First World War to the harrowing destruction of Western and British culture that he perceived during the Second World War and in its aftermath, Jones shaped his artistic vision of modernity on the basis of a complex and dynamic concept of ancient Rome. Jones developed this vision through his poetry, paintings, inscriptions, essays, interviews and letters over a period which spanned most of his adult life. It was not founded in any form of classical education, but was fashioned from his own experiences, his extensive reading, his conversations with friends, and, most importantly, from the discourses surrounding Rome's relationship with the modern world which were prevalent in his contemporary society. This thesis offers the first sustained study of Jones's reception of Rome and brings together a wide range of published and unpublished material. It situates Jones's vision of Rome within a broad context divided into four central areas of contemporary discourse: British political rhetoric, the cyclical historical movement, the defence of cultural unity and continuity, and the Welsh nationalist movement. Exploring the deep and previously uncharted relevance of Jones's works to twentieth-century British intellectual history reveals the enduring fascination of the Roman analogy as a way to comprehend the crisis of modernity.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration