京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19340号 / 情博第592号 / 新制||情||103(附属図書館) / 32342 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 多々納 裕一, 教授 矢守 克也, 教授 守屋 和幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing concern among American citizens and globally. This study proposes the use of a novel mechanical testing method for interrupting adult porcine brain tissue while under varying levels of high rate compressive strain to better understand the mechanical response of brain while under TBI inducing conditions. Testing was performed using a polymeric Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) along with customized attachments developed in-house to interrupt tissue samples at strain levels of 15%, 30%, and 40% while being compressed at strain rates of 650, 800, and 900 s-1. Following interruption, the samples were chemically fixed in preparation for histological processing. Microscopy techniques were used to examine the microstructure of the deformed tissue samples and measure the area fraction of their neural constituents. The combination of both the mechanical and microstructural responses of the brain tissue allowed for the development of a structure-property relationship.

[pt] A psicoterapia com famílias em situações de vulnerabilidade envolve muitas dificuldades, pois inclui a complexidade do trabalho com múltiplos vínculos associada às precariedades inerentes às vivências de desamparo e de violência em diferentes níveis. Visando produzir conhecimentos nesse campo, de modo a consubstanciar a prática clínica com o grupo familiar, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os padrões vinculares predominantes em famílias em situações de vulnerabilidade, buscando pensar alguns dos desafios e limitações da psicoterapia de família. Para tal, foi realizada uma investigação clínicoqualitativa, a partir do método de estudo de casos, ambos interrompidos precocemente pelas famílias. Foi proposta uma análise a partir de algumas das principais contribuições psicanalíticas sobre os vínculos, dentre as quais estão as de Bion e Pichon-Rivière, além das postulações teóricas sobre a noção de duplovínculo da Teoria Sistêmica. Foi observado que os vínculos familiares eram marcados por antiemoções e situações de duplo-vínculo. Identificou-se que, por vezes, uma interrupção precoce do tratamento não significa necessariamente o fracasso da psicoterapia em família. Nos casos pesquisados, foi possível compreender que o tratamento alcançou sua função de escuta e de espaço de reflexão, dadas as limitações das qualidades dos vínculos, específicas de cada família. / [en] Psychotherapy with families in situations of vulnerability involves many difficulties, as it includes the complexity of working with multiple links associated with the precariousness inherent to the experiences of helplessness and violence at different levels. Aiming to produce knowledge in this field, in order to substantiate clinical practice with the family group, the objective of this work was to investigate the linking patterns prevalent in families in situations of vulnerability, developing thoughts about some of the challenges and limitations of family psychotherapy. To this end, a qualitative clinical investigation was carried out, using the case study method, both interrupted early by the families. An analysis was proposed based on some of the main psychoanalytic contributions on the links, among which are those of Bion and Pichon-Rivière, in addition to the theoretical postulations on the notion of double-bind of the Systemic Theory. It was observed that family bonds were marked by anti-emotions and double-bind situations. It was found that sometimes an early interruption of treatment does not necessarily mean the failure of family psychotherapy. In the researched cases, it was possible to understand that the treatment reached its function of listening and space for reflection, given the limitations of the qualities of the links, specific to each family.

Farmers have been disrupting the carbon cycle ever since humans started converting forests to agricultural lands. But are there farming practices that can be applied to increase the carbon storage in the soil and subsequently counteract increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere? In this study I investigate if soil organic matter (SOM) and soil organic carbon (SOC) change with longer interruption between tillage events. The study was conducted by studying SOM concentrations and SOC pools in eight fields with different time since tillage (1 to 14 years). I found that SOM concentrations increased in the O horizon of the studied soil in response to increased time since tillage. Here, SOM concentrations were on average around 13 % one year after tillage, while fourteen-year-old farmland had a concentration around 15 %. In similar, SOC pool increased from around 0.1 kg C m-2 in the O horizon of 1 year old soil to 0.33 kg C m-2 14 years after tillage. While both SOM concentrations and SOC pools increased in the O horizon over time since tillage, the SOM concentration and SOC pools decreased in the subsoil. I found no net sequestering of SOC in response to less frequent tillage in comparison to more frequency tillage. My conclusion is that limiting tillage to 14-year cycles is not enough to increase carbon sequestration.

No description available.

Problem: Interruption during medication administration is a significant patient safety concern within health care, especially during the administration of high risk medications in nursing. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) devices are frequently associated with adverse events and have a four-fold increased risk of patient injury compared to non-PCA related adverse events. While the nature and frequency of interruptions have been established for nurses* medication processes, the impact of interruption frequency on nurses* PCA interaction has not been fully measured or described. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to quantify the impact of interruption frequency on registered nurses* (RN) performance, satisfaction, and cognitive workload during PCA interaction, and to determine nurses* perceptions of the impact of interruption frequency. Methods: This study employed a mixed-method design. First, an experimental repeated measures design was used to quantify the impact of interruption frequency on a purposive sample of nine medical-surgical RNs. The RNs completed PCA programming tasks in a simulated laboratory nursing environment for each of four conditions where interruption frequency was pre-determined. Four established human factors usability measures were completed for each of the four test conditions. The research questions were answered using repeated measures analysis of variance with (RM-ANOVA), McNamar*s test, and Friedman*s test. After each experiment, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data that were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis to determine RNs* perceptions of the impact of interruption frequency. Results: Results of the RM-ANOVA were significant for the main effect of interruption frequency on efficiency F(3,24)=9.592, p = .000. McNemar*s test did not show significance for the impact of interruption frequency on effectiveness (accuracy). Friedman test showed participant satisfaction was significantly impacted by interruption frequency (x2=9.47, df=3, p=0.024). Friedman test showed no significance for the main effect of interruption frequency on cognitive workload scores by condition type (x2=1.88, df=3, p=0.599). Results of the qualitative content analysis revealed two main categories to describe nurses* perception of interruption frequency: the nature of interruptions and nurses* reaction to the interrupted work environment. Discussion/Implications: The results suggested that interruption frequency significantly affected task completion time and satisfaction for participants but not participant accuracy or cognitive workload. A high error rate during PCA programming tasks indicated the need to evaluate the conditions in which RNs complete PCA programming as each error presents potential risk of patient harm. RNs* described the impact of interruption frequency as having a negative impact on the work environment and subsequently implement compensating strategies to counterbalance interruptions. RNs* perceived that patient safety was negatively impacted by frequent interruption. RNs experienced negative intrapersonal consequences as a results of frequent interruption. Additional study is needed to better understand the impact of interruption frequency on RNs* performance accuracy and cognitive workload.

No description available.

Conversations between the PC (player character) and NPCs (non-player characters) in conventional games are usually sequence-based. The NPC talks to a certain point before pending the player's input, sometimes consisting of several prepared actions displayed on the screen in order to advance the conversation. While this method does provide the ability to converse within video games, our study shows it lacks the immersiveness that asynchronously based dialogue provides in some scenarios. Interruptions occur in real-life conversations and may add to a more convincing interaction. In this paper, we present a novel dialogue system that incorporates interruptions alongside emotion, making it possible for different participants involved in the conversation to interrupt and speak over each other while also having lasting consequences. This approach improves conversational players' experience by increasing character believability and engagement. For illustration purposes, interruption was integrated into a text-based game encompassing two variations of the same scenario. The study involved playing both variations of the same game, one being a traditional sequence-based conversation while the other had a fluent dialogue which supports interruption both from the PC and NPCs. Eight students previously familiar with video game dialogues played both variations, half starting with the other version. Each test ended with a survey followed by an interview talking about the answers. Each test took 30-40 min.

This thesis proposes creating an interactive learning environment for Human Computer Interaction (HCI) to facilitate access to, and learning of, important design knowledge. By encapsulating HCI knowledge into reusable claims stored in a knowledge repository, or claims library, this learning environment aims at allowing students to effectively explore design features to limit their reliance on intuition to mold their interfaces, help them address proper design concerns, and evaluate alternatives for their designs. This learning approach is based on active learning where students create their own knowledge by gathering information. However, building adequate development records from which students can gather HCI knowledge is critical to support this approach. This thesis explores using effective reusable design components to act as design records to create an interactive learning environment for students learning HCI design. An initial prototype for the learning environment introduces claims as an encapsulation mechanism for design features from which students can gather HCI knowledge. Pilot testing outlines the accessibility, applicability and reusability problems associated with this approach. To solve theses issues, a taxonomic organization of an improved form of claims (reference claims), is introduced to share core design knowledge among students. A taxonomy is designed as a way to expose students to important design concerns as well as a method to categorize claims. Reference claims are introduced as improved claims inspired by reference tasks to expose students to design alternatives for design concerns. A detailed taxonomy and a set of reference claims for the domain of notification systems demonstrate how existing theories of design can be translated into reference claims to create an interactive learning environment. An experiment illustrates the applicability and reusability of reference claims for various designs within a particular domain. Finally, an evaluation assesses the benefits of this learning environment based on reference claims in terms of improving student designs and increasing the amount of HCI knowledge they reuse. Results show that by exposing students to valuable concerns and alternatives for the design of interactive systems, an interactive learning environment based on reference claims can improve students' understanding of the design scope and lead to an increased use of existing HCI knowledge in their designs. / Master of Science

Military reconnaissance and surveillance (R&S) missions are a crucial ingredient in overall mission safety and success. Proper intelligence will provide the ability to counter and neutralize enemy positions and attacks. Accurate detection and identification of threatening targets is one the driving forces behind good R&S intelligence. Understanding this ability and how it is affected by possible field conditions (i.e., motion) was the primary focus of this study. Motion is defined in the current study as the perceived forward self-motion of unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) also called optical flow. For the purpose of this examination, both optical flow and the presence of a foil were manipulated. I examined how optical flow, perceived from an on-board frontal camera on a UGV, affected target detection and identification. The interaction of optical flow and foil distraction, as well as the level of influence each independently had on target detection and identification, were the principle examinations. The effects that were originally predicted for the influence of optical flow on the visual search and identification task were not supported. Across manipulations of optical flow (i.e., present, not present), detection and identification were not significantly different, suggesting that the interruption rates of optical flow were ineffective at 29 frames per second (fps). The most interesting finding in the data set was, in fact, related to the recognition measure. Participants were asked to classify the tank in which they had detected in the environment as either a target or non-target. When under conditions of non-optical flow, participants correctly rejected a foil tank as not being their target more often than they accepted the target as their actual target. These results, however, only appeared to have had an effect in the non-optical flow condition. Further research should be conducted to properly evaluate the effects of varying frame rate interruption on the perception of optical flow. This will subsequently lead to an understanding of the phenomenon that is optical flow, and how it ultimately affects detection and identification tasks.