The lack of control over the distribution network when using IP-based delivery methods for audio content, introduces challenges in maintaining Quality of Experience (QoE). This thesis investigates the impact of network conditions on the QoE for live radio broadcasts from Sveriges Radio. Through the utilization of a prototype that analyses a HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) stream, data was collected and analyzed to understand the impact of different metrics for broadcast stability and QoE. Different network conditions were measured and simulated via a network throttler. Findings reveal that a minimum channel capacity threshold is necessary to maintain a stable broadcast without rebuffering events. Important Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for QoE, including bandwidth, throughput, rebuffering events, and audio bitrate qualitychanges, wereidentified. Additionally, atraceroutepathanalysisidentified a specific router as the bottleneck within the delivery chain. / Bristen på kontroll över distributionsnätverket vid användning av IP-baserade leveransmetoder för ljud, innebär utmaningar för att upprätthålla Quality of Experience (QoE). Denna rapport undersöker effekten av nätverks förhållanden på QoE för direktsända radioutsändningar från Sveriges Radio. Genom en prototyp som analyserar en HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) ström samlades data och analyserades för att förstå effekterna av olika mättvärden försändningsstabilitet och QoE. Olika nätverks förhållanden mättes och simulerades via en nätverksdämpare. Resultaten visar att en minimal tröskel i kanalkapacitet är nödvändig för att upprätthålla en stabil sändning utan buffer. Viktiga Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) för QoE identifierades, blanda annat bandbredd, genomströmning, buffring och ändringar i ljudets kvalitet. Dessutom gjordes en traceroute-analys där en specifik router identifierades som en flaskhal inom leveranskedjan.

This research investigated the efficient utilization of wireless bandwidth in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)systems that support multiple data rates with Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)codes. The specific problem being addressed was that currently proposed public-domain algorithms for assigning OVSF codes make inefficient use of wireless bandwidth for bursty data traffic sources with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The purpose of this research was to develop an algorithm for the assignment of OVSF spreading codes in a Third-Generation (3G)Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)system. The goal of this algorithm was to efficiently utilize limited, wireless resources for bursty data traffic sources with different QoS requirements. The key contribution of this research was the implementation and testing of two code sharing techniques which are not implemented in existing OVSF code assignment algorithms. These techniques were termed statistical multiplexing and dynamic code sharing. The statistical multiplexing technique used a shared channel to support multiple bursty traffic sources. The dynamic code sharing technique supported multiple data users by temporarily granting access to dedicated channels. These techniques differed in terms of both complexity and performance guarantees. / Ph. D.

Traditionally, and up to this date, Land Mobile Radio (LMR) systems have been interconnected via leased lines and microwave links across circuit-switched networks. With the recent deployment of digital LMR standards such as the Association of Public and Communications Officials (APCO) Project 25 and the Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), traffic exchange has become more bursty and non-uniform, and as such, less suitable for circuit-switched networks. This thesis proposes a framework for a packet-switched Inter-System Interface (ISI) for LMR systems. Packet-switched networks have the advantage of supporting traffic integration, utilize capacity efficiently, scale easily and seamlessly, and eliminate single points of failure by providing a distributed architecture. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling messages are defined for setting up and tearing down unit-to-unit calls across the ISI. The Session Description Protocol (SDP) is used to describe how the voice calls are encoded. Voice packets are exchanged between LMR users using the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). Based on the proposed framework, we develop a simulation model to investigate the performance of the ISI when different numbers of LMR users try to establish unit-to-unit calls across the packet-switched ISI. Three packet transport technologies providing Wide Area Network (WAN) connectivity are considered, IP, ATM, and Frame Relay. The results indicate that a packet-switched ISI can take advantage of statistical multiplexing techniques to distribute network resources more efficiently. Quantitative results are obtained for throughput and link utilization. When using an access link providing T1 service, we show that the End-To-End (ETE) delay, and delay variation can be controlled at levels capable of supporting the timely delivery of real-time voice packets. Assuming link utilization is maintained below 100%, the maximum ETE delay experienced in all three packet transport technologies considered is 58 ms and the maximum call setup time is less than 300 ms. An ATM WAN provides the best performance for all time-dependent metrics considered, i.e., ETE delay, delay variation, and call setup time. An IP WAN provides the highest bandwidth efficiency. Selecting the appropriate packet transport technology for the WAN is a tradeoff between the delay that can be tolerated by the voice packets traversing the LMR network and the cost of bandwidth on the access link. / Master of Science

Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a broadband access technology capable of delivering large bandwidth over existing copper telephone line infrastructure. This research aims at characterizing and analyzing TCP/IP performance in presence of a new protocol stack (TCP/IP over PPP and ATM) being promoted for one of the ADSL network architectures. Using extensive simulations, we verify the adverse effects of asymmetric links on the performance of TCP and additional throughput degradation caused by the overhead at the AAL5- ATM layers. This study involves unidirectional as well as bi-directional data transfer using different traffic mixes including bursty and non-bursty types of traffic. Bi-directional data transfer over asymmetric links results in ACK compression wherein TCP acknowledgements (ACKs) get bunched together behind larger data packets, further exacerbating the effect of asymmetry on TCP performance. By implementing the simulation model for PPP encapsulation over AAL5, we characterize its effect in terms of throughput degradation and excessive delay. We quantify the improvement in the throughput obtained by delaying the TCP ACKs and by TCP/IP header compression. These techniques being effective for unidirectional traffic over asymmetric links, however, do not prove as effective when ATM enters the scenario or in presence of bi-directional data transfer. Further, we implemented a simulation model of the Smart ACK Dropper (SAD), a technique to regulate the flow of TCP ACKs. Considerable improvement in performance especially in the presence of unidirectional data transfer is achieved using the SAD technique. Although the improvement is to a lesser extent in the presence of bi-directional data traffic, SAD helps the network in quickly recovering from the impact of ACK compression. We also propose and implement certain customized queuing/scheduling and policing mechanisms to enable differentiated servicing of TCP ACKs and data packets, and mitigate the effect of ACK compression. While providing considerable TCP performance improvement in presence of SAD, custom queuing also allows fair sharing of bandwidth between TCP flows, unlike priority queuing, which starves the low priority flow. The committed access rate (CAR)policing scheme provides considerable performance improvement when used with SAD, and is especially useful when TCP ACKs compete with bursty data traffic over the slower upstream. / Master of Science

No / The emphasis of this paper is on investigating the performance of signalling protocols designed for a mobility management scheme, which uses Mobile IP for inter-segment mobility in a hybrid space and terrestrial environment. Initially, the system architecture, which consists of three wireless access networks attached to an IP backbone, is presented. This is followed by a description of the proposed mobility procedures employed in the system, which aim at minimising modifications to existing satellite and terrestrial network protocols. The mobility procedures are simulated in order to evaluate their performance and determine their effectiveness in an operational environment. Results verify the efficiency of the protocols and show that the additional signalling time introduced by the procedures is minimal.

ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV / The initial efforts that resulted in the migration of range application traffic to an IP infrastructure largely focused on the challenge of obtaining reliable transport for range application streams including telemetry and digital video via IP packet-based network technology. With the emergence of architectural elements that support robust Quality of Service, multicast routing, and redundant operation, these problems have largely been resolved, and a large number of ranges are now successfully utilizing IP-based network topology to implement their backbone transport infrastructure. The attention now turns to the need to provide supplemental features that provide enhanced functionality in addition to raw stream transport. These features include: *Stream monitoring and native test capability, usually called Service Assurance *Extended support for Ancillary Data / Metadata *Archive and Media Asset Management integration into the workflow *Temporal alignment of application streams This paper will describe a number of methods to implement these features utilizing an approach that leverages the features offered by IP-based technology, emphasizes the use of standards-based COTS implementations, and supports interworking between features.

面對通訊與資訊科技的大幅進步、網際網路的蓬勃發展、以及電信自由化帶來的激烈競爭，通訊網路正在進行一個巨大的變革，企圖將原有Circuit Switching 與 Packet Switching 網路整合成一個單一整合型網路－All-IP網路以支援所有的應用服務。All-IP網路受限於封包交換網路原有的特性，有服務品質問題（QoS）有待克服，因此有必要在All-IP網路上提供服務品質管理機制以實現整合型網路的目標。而要提供適當的QoS 管理，其成功之關鍵主要在於是否能提供一個簡單易行之架構。本論文先提出BBQ(Budget-Based QoS)採用以預算為基礎之服務品質管理，以簡化管理、追求效率，不增加管理複雜度為原則。BBQ提供一個高適用性的管理架構和相關的管理工具，可適用於不同的下層網路架構和不同營運目標的網管政策。 本論文為提出在BBQ管理系統中之端對端服務品質解決方案。透過承載服務的概念，端對端之服務由接取網路和骨幹網路之承載服務提供支援。本論文依據分層負責的精神提出一系列的資源規劃及路徑建構方式，提高網路資源運用效率，並可快速的以即時方式建構具服務品質保證的端對端路徑給使用者。骨幹網路由許多核心網路相連而成，各個核心網路各自獨立規劃內部路徑而端對端的路徑規劃只需選擇所欲通過的核心網路即可，計算量可大幅降低，因此可適用即時的路徑建構。路徑規劃之研究重心為如何挑選最佳核心網路路徑，以規劃具服務品質之端對端路徑並可達到資源之最有效利用。 / The advance in communication and information technology and impact of telecommunication liberalization cause a revolution in telecommunication world. It attempt to merge circuit-switching and packet-switching network into one standalone perform. All-IP is one of those candidates. But All-IP also inherit the characteristics of packet-switching network, the problem of transmission quality. So, we need some management system of quality on All-IP network to achieve the ambition of converged network. In this thesis, we propose BBQ management system. BBQ offers a highly adaptive management architecture and some management tools for operators. Those tools can be used in different underlying network layer and can tune network by different network policy. We propose an End-to-End QoS solution in BBQ management system. By the concept of bearer services, we separate the End-to-End service into Backbone and Stub Network bearer services. According to the hierarchical management, we propose an approach for resource and path planning in order to enhance network efficiency and provide End-to-End path with QoS in real time. Because Backbone Network is connected by Core Networks and each Core Network plans its internal path independently, End-to-End path planning is to choose Core Networks to pass through. This scheme could reduce the enormous computation and fit for real time path setup. The key point of path planning is how to choose the better Core Network path to compose End-to-End path with QoS and reach efficient resource utilization.

En dépit du succès que les implantations optiques des applications de traitement d'images ont connu, le traitement optique de l'information suscite aujourd'hui moins d'intérêt que dans les années 80-90. Ceci est dû à l'encombrement des réalisations optiques, la qualité des images traitées et le coût des composants optiques. De plus, les réalisations optiques ont eu du mal à s’affranchir de l’avènement des circuits numériques. C’est dans ce cadre que s’inscrivent les travaux de cette thèse dont l’objectif est de proposer une implantation numérique des méthodes optiques de traitement d’images. Pour réaliser cette implantation nous avons choisi d’utiliser les FPGA et les GPU grâce aux bonnes performances de ces circuits en termes de rapidité. En outre, pour améliorer la productivité nous nous sommes focalisés à la réutilisation des blocs préconçus ou IP « Intellectual Properties ». Malgré que les IP commerciales existantes soient optimisées, ces dernières sont souvent payantes et dépendent de la famille de la carte utilisée. La première contribution est de proposer une implantation optimisée des IP pour le calcul de la transformée de Fourier FFT et de la DCT. En effet, le choix de ces deux transformations est justifié par l'utilisation massive de ces deux transformées (FFT et DCT), dans les algorithmes de reconnaissance de formes et de compression, respectivement. La deuxième contribution est de valider le fonctionnement des IP proposées par un banc de test et de mesure. Enfin, la troisième contribution est de concevoir sur FPGA et GPU des implantations numériques des applications de reconnaissance de formes et de compression. Un des résultats probant obtenu dans cette thèse consiste à avoir une rapidité de l’IP FFT proposée 3 fois meilleure que celle de l’IP FFT Xilinx et de pouvoir réaliser 4700 corrélations par seconde. / The main objective of this thesis is to realize a numerical implementation of optical methods of image and signal processing. To achieve this end, we opted to use FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) devices. This choice is justified by their high performance in terms of speed. In addition, to improve productivity, we focused on the reuse of predesigned blocks or "Intellectual Properties" IP. While existing commercial IP are optimized, they are often paid and highly dependent on the card. The first contribution is to provide an optimized IP for Fourier transform (FFT) and the cosine transform (DCT) computing. Indeed, the choice of these two transformations is justified by the widespread use of these two transforms (FFT and DCT), particularly in pattern recognition and compression algorithms. The second contribution is to validate the operation of the proposed IP using a bench test. The last contribution is to implement on FPGA and GPU applications for pattern recognition and compression. One of the convincing results obtained in this thesis is to propose an IP for FFT computing three times faster than Xilinx IP and thus to achieve 4700 correlations per second.

Les services de téléphonie IP automatisent le traitement des stimuli de communication en utilisant des ressources réseaux. Cependant, l'ajout de services rend vulnérable le système de téléphonie car certaines propriétés de fonctionnement des services déployés ne sont pas garanties. Aucune solution de développement de services ne permet de simultanément garantir des propriétés de fonctionnement et d'exploiter des ressources réseaux. Cette thèse propose une approche fondée sur le concept des langages dédiés pour développer des services de communications. Deux nouveaux langages dédiés au domaine des communications ont été développés : SPL et Pantaxou. Le premier sert à router des messages de signalisation tandis que le second, plus généraliste, permet la coordination d'entités communicantes. Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons, grâce à SPL et Pantaxou, que les services de communications peuvent être développés avec un langage de programmation expressif tout en préservant des propriétés critiques du domaine. / IP telephony services use network resources to automate communication stimuli processing. However, deploying services on a telephony system leads to safety issues and programmers need to ensure some safety properties on their services. Several approaches allowing service development have quickly emerged. However, none of them is both expressive and safe. This thesis proposes a new approach that relies on domain-specific languages (DSL) to develop communication services. Two new DSLs have been designed for communication services, namely SPL (Session Processing Language) and Pantaxou. The first one allows to route signaling messages while the second one, more generalist, enables to define coordination logics of communicating entities. In this thesis, we demonstrate thanks to SPL and Pantaxou that communication services could be developed with an expressive programming language that preserves some critical domain properties.

Notre travail de recherche porte sur la création de valeurs au sein des start-up innovantes. La littérature en Sciences de Gestion propose deux grandes catégories de valeurs : la valeur actionnariale, qui revient aux actionnaires, économique, et la valeur dite partenariale, qui revient aux parties prenantes, intangible donc (Charreaux, 1998). Si la majorité des travaux de recherche sur le sujet concerne depuis des années la valeur actionnariale, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la deuxième catégorie qui constitue pour les parties prenantes en quelque sorte une rémunération d’échange selon Charreaux (1998). Cette thèse est née du constat d’un manque dans la littérature concernant la qualification précise des valeurs créées par l’innovation, avec différents enjeux. L’enjeu sociétal de création de valeurs d’éthique des affaires (Igalens et Joras, 2002) étant de donner un éclairage sur les comportements humains formant un ensemble de sentiments de valeurs afin d’enrichir les principes RSE énoncés en 2000 par l’OCDE. L’enjeu managérial étant la définition d’un nouveau modèle de management par les valeurs visant à accroître la performance globale (Germain et Trébucq, 2004). Enfin, l’enjeu purement lié à la recherche en Sciences de Gestion est de formaliser enfin une grille de système de valeurs propre au management, puisqu’à ce jour aucun système de valeurs n’a encore fait consensus auprès des chercheurs (Bréchon, 2003). Sous un positionnement épistémologique interprétativiste, notre thèse répondra donc à la problématique générale : par quel modèle de management stratégique une Start-Up innovante peut-elle induire une valorisation de ses parties prenantes ? Notre première partie développe une revue de littérature qui se compose de trois chapitres : caractérisation d’une Start-Up, management stratégique et innovation, quelle création de valeurs ? Cette première partie se concluant par une proposition de soixante valeurs vulgarisées et trois questions de recherche : quelles sont les valeurs potentiellement créées au sein des parties prenantes d’une Start-Up ? pour quelle typologie de parties prenantes une Start-Up innovante peut-elle créer des valeurs ? quel modèle de management stratégique peut permettre à une Start-Up innovante de créer des valeurs auprès de ses partenaires ? Notre deuxième partie est une étude de cas terrain qui se confronte à notre revue de littérature en trois chapitres de nouveau : démarche de recherche, étude de cas, et analyse des résultats. Nous répondrons ainsi à nos trois questions de recherche et à notre problématique, et ferons quatre propositions. Nous concluons en effet notre travail en proposant un système universel des valeurs du management, deux nouveaux concepts démontrés (« Ip Financeur » et « Valorizing »), et un modèle de management par les valeurs pour les Start-Up innovantes. Nous proposons enfin nos apports théoriques, managériaux, et méthodologiques tout en exposant conjointement les limites de notre travail. / Our research focuses on values creation in innovative Start-Up. The literature in Management Science offers two broad categories of values: shareholder value, which returns to shareholders, economic, and partnership value, which amounts to stakeholders, thus intangible (Charreaux 1998). While the majority of research program on the subject for years relates shareholder value, we focused on the second category, which is for stakeholders somehow like an exchange earning for Charreaux (1998). This thesis is born from the observation of a lack in the literature concerning the precise qualification of values created by innovation, with different stakes. The social challenge of creating ethical business values (Igalens and Joras, 2002) is to shed light human behavior forming a set of feelings values, in order to enrich the CSR principles set out in 2000 by the OECD. The managerial challenge is to define a new management model by the values to increase the overall performance (Germain and Trébucq, 2004). Finally, the challenge purely related to research in Management Science is for good to formalize a framework of a values system dedicated to the management, since to date no system of values has yet done a consensus among researchers (Bréchon, 2003). Under an interpretativist epistemological position, our thesis will therefore address the general request: by what type of strategic management model an innovative Start-Up can induce a valorization of its stakeholders? Our first part develops a literature review that consists of three sections: characterization of a Start-Up, strategic management and innovation, what type of values creation? This first part ending with a proposal of sixty values popularized and three research questions: what are the values potentially created within the stakeholders of a Start-Up? for what type of stakeholder an innovative Start-Up can create values? what strategic management model can allow an innovative Start-Up creating values for its partners? The second part is a field case study that confronts our literature review in three sections again: research approach, case study, and results analysis. We thus answer to our three research questions and to our general request, and will do four proposals. We conclude indeed our work by proposing an universal system of management values, two new concepts demonstrated ("Ip Financeur" and "Valorizing"), and a values management model for innovative Start-Up. Finally, we propose our theoretical, managerial, and methodological contributions while exposing the limits of our work.