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Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-04-24T21:16:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ricardo Augusto Ferreira e Silva - 2017.pdf: 1013677 bytes, checksum: 3a4eb72aebb18d9ff4121ec4dd753916 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T15:49:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ricardo Augusto Ferreira e Silva - 2017.pdf: 1013677 bytes, checksum: 3a4eb72aebb18d9ff4121ec4dd753916 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T15:49:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ricardo Augusto Ferreira e Silva - 2017.pdf: 1013677 bytes, checksum: 3a4eb72aebb18d9ff4121ec4dd753916 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Work has been seen not only as a source of income for subsistence, but as means for the individual to relate to others and to feel as part of society. This research aims to describe the meaning of the work of the judge, relying on the dimensions of meaning described in the model MOW ‒ Meaning of Work (1987): (a) centrality, (b) social norms and (c) objectives and results valued at work. The research carried out at the Court of Justice of the State of Goiás, covered the 13 judicial regions. Data collection took place between October and December 2016; 20 first-degree judges were interviewed through a semi-structured script. The data obtained from the answers to the questions were analyzed through textual data techniques and, later, by content analysis. The results of the research showed that there was no consensus regarding the centrality of work in relation to time and in comparison to work with other spheres of life, although most interviewees affirmed that the Family is a priority, followed by work and religion. The concept of meaning of work, in a unanimous way, is associated with something useful and productive to society. In this sense, judges consider work more as a duty than a right before society. The interviewees demonstrated incisive behaviour in the question of the CNJ and the superior courts being organs of a political character, for having at the top members not coming from the judiciary. The way of legislating through resolutions is another criticized topic, which directly interferes with the autonomy and independence of the judges. Although feelings of frustration and happiness are counterbalanced among magistrates, research data converge with the positive conception pattern where work has been seen as value-creating activity in society. / O trabalho é visto não só como fonte de renda para a subsistência, mas como meio de o indivíduo se relacionar com outros indivíduos e de se sentir como parte da sociedade. Com a finalidade de contribuir para preencher uma lacuna na literatura científica esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever o significado do trabalho do juiz, apoiando-se nas dimensões de significado descritas no modelo MOW – Meaning of Work (1987): (a) centralidade, (b) normas sociais e (c) objetivos e resultados valorizados no trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Goiás, com abrangência nas 13 regiões judiciárias. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubro e dezembro de 2016; foram entrevistados 20 juízes de primeiro grau por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados obtidos das respostas às questões foram analisados por meio de técnicas de análise textual e, posteriormente, pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que não houve consenso quanto à centralidade do trabalho tanto em relação ao tempo quanto em comparação do trabalho com outras esferas da vida, embora a maioria dos entrevistados afirmasse que a Família é prioridade, seguida de trabalho e religião. O conceito de significado do trabalho, de forma unânime, foi associado pelos entrevistados a algo útil e produtivo à sociedade. Neste sentido, os juízes consideram o trabalho mais como um dever do que um direito diante da sociedade. Os entrevistados foram incisivos no entendimento de que o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) e os tribunais superiores são órgãos com caráter político, por possuírem na cúpula membros não advindos da magistratura. Criticou-se também a forma de legislar do CNJ por meio de resoluções, o que pode interferir na autonomia e independência dos juízes. Embora os sentimentos de frustração e felicidade sejam contrabalanceados entre os magistrados, os dados da pesquisa convergem com o padrão de concepção positiva onde o trabalho é visto como atividade geradora de valor na sociedade.

Si l’on reste dans les généralités, le droit français et le droit saoudien consacrent des solutions analogues aux entreprises en difficulté : ils prévoient l’un et l’autre la possibilité d’un traitement non contentieux des difficultés par le recours à un accord entre le débiteur et ses créanciers ; si ce traitement n’aboutit pas, une procédure collective sera mise en place. Mais la philosophie des deux systèmes est loin d’être la même : la principale préoccupation du droit français est de parvenir à sauver l’entreprise qu’il considère comme créatrice de richesses et d’emplois, alors que le droit saoudien n’a pour l’essentiel qu’une seule préoccupation, celle de sauvegarder les droits des créanciers. Pour réaliser les objectifs qu’il recherche, le droit français multiplie ses interventions en la matière, alors que le droit saoudien en reste à son règlement du 2 juin 1931 sur la faillite et à son décret sur la conciliation préventive de la faillite du 24 janvier 1996. A la complexité du système français du traitement des entreprises en difficulté correspond la simplicité du système saoudien. L’examen des problèmes de base en la matière conduit à s’interroger sur l’existence d’une troisième solution. / At a general level, French law and Saudi law provide similar solutions to companies facing financial difficulties: they both provide for the possibility of a non-contentious treatment of the difficulties through an agreement between the debtor and its creditors; if this process fails, an insolvency procedure will be initiated. However, the philosophy of the two systems is far from being the same: the main concern of French law is to achieve save the company, that it considers being creative of wealth and jobs, whereas Saudi law has essentially the concern of securing the creditors' rights. To achieve its objectives, French law has been very active in this area, while the Saudi law remains in its Regulation of 2 June 1931 on bankruptcy and its decree on preventive conciliation of bankruptcy dated 24 January 1996. Where the French insolvency system is complex, the Saudi one is simple. The analysis of the basic issues in this area leads to wonder whether a third route could be considered.

The thesis discusses the limitations of courts during emergencies and the meaningfulness of the classification system of justice in critical infrastructure. Judicial power is in addition to legislative and executive branches in a classic triangle of state power. The scope of its activities is to introduce the first part. With an analysis of relevant laws to the reader's raised the breadth and importance to society. The text below is followed by a list of incidents that affect the limitations on the exercise of judicial power. They provide a list of departmental emergency preparedness plan and have added two new current threats. The last part of the introductory essay to speak of critical infrastructure, which includes the judiciary. The thesis aims to determine how the judicial administration immune to the impact of emergencies. Whether the system needs more investment in security measures applied so far as eliminating the effect of well-defined emergencies, and if justice is rightly placed in the framework of critical infrastructure. For the actual processing of the results is the methodology used in operational analysis. Specifically, it is the discipline of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives. The method itself is appropriate for the assessment of phenomena, where the value of multiple criteria. The results are processed according to the principles of the WSA (weighted sum) and Fuller (comparison and scoring method). Naturally, there is comparison of the results of both disciplines. Examined measures designed to limit exposure incidents are classified into thematic blocks. The ranking of construction services, technology, internal structure and physical site security. Taking the first and third block is formed by means of passive protection and the second and fourth block is formed by means of active defense. It is interesting comparison between the blocks and those stand block. A summary of results and their own and departmental analysis of threats to judicial authorities indicate readiness for the events listed in the Plan of departmental emergency preparedness as an emergency.

Si le but final du procès consiste dans le prononcé du jugement, par lequel le juge dit le droit (jurisdictio), dissipant, l'incertitude juridique et promouvant ainsi la paix sociale, d'autres actes doivent également être réalisés pour l'accomplissement de la mission de juger dans des conditions satisfaisantes : ce sont les actes d'administration judiciaire, sujet de notre étude. Le concept français englobe les actes d'organisation juridictionnelle et les actes de gestion procédurale qui visent, respectivement, au bon fonctionnement des juridictions et au bon déroulement de l'instance. Malgré la portée de ce sujet, il reste peu exploré par les juristes et nous avons pu constater des hésitations quant à l'exacte qualification des actes du juge par la doctrine et la jurisprudence. Ceci n'est pas pourtant souhaitable dans la mesure où les actes judiciaires administratifs sont soumis, selon le droit positif français, à un régime différent de celui qui s'applique aux actes liés à l'activité juridictionnelle. En conséquence, ils ne sont pas assujettis en principe aux mêmes contraintes que les jugements et ne sont sujets à aucun recours. L'absence de voies de contestation liée à l'adoption d'un système souple dans un domaine où le chef de juridiction dispose de pouvoirs majeurs ouvre alors des questionnements légitimes sur Je respect des principes majeurs qui gouvernent le procès et la justice. Même si le droit brésilien ne connaît pas ladite notion française, l'administration de la justice brésilienne requiert, elle aussi, l'accomplissement d'actes judiciaires administratifs. Les similitudes pour ce qui concerne les actes de gestion procédurale et les différences significatives dans le domaine de l'organisation juridictionnelle justifient alors la méthode comparative de la présente étude qui vise à déterminer les particularités et les traits communs de ces deux systèmes juridiques et à identifier ce que chacun peut apprendre de l’autre dans un but constant de développement. / If the ultimate goal of the trial is in the judgment, by which the judge says the Jaw (jurisdictio), dispelling legal uncertainty and thus promoting social peace, other acts must also be made for the fulfillment of the mission of judging : these are the judicial administration acts, which are the subject of our study. The French concept includes the acts of judicial organization and the acts of procedural management, which provide, respectively, the proper functioning of the courts and the proper conduct of the proceedings. Despite the importance of the subject, it is little explored by jurists and we see some hesitation concerning the exact definition of the acts of the judge by scholars and in the jurisprudence. This is not desirable, however, because the judicial administration acts are subjected, according to the French law, to a different set of rules, so they are not in principle liable to the same constraints as judgments, and they cannot incur to any appeal. The Jack of ways of contesting, in addition with the adoption of a flexible system, where the head of the court has major powers in the subject, open legitimate questions concerning the respect of major principles governing the trial and the justice. Although Brazilian law does not have the French notion, the administration of Brazilian justice requires, too, the practice of judicial administration acts. The similarities related with the acts of procedural management and the significant differences in the acts of judicial organization justify the comparative method of this study, which proposes to determine the peculiarities and common features of these two legal systems and to identify what each one can learn from the other in a constant goal of development.

[pt] A partir de 2009, com a edição da Resolução n° 70, de autoria do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), implementaram-se as Políticas da Qualidade nos Tribunais de Justiça do Brasil para conferir maior qualidade às suas atividades de prestação jurisdicional, para melhorar o atendimento aos cidadãos usuários do sistema de Justiça, bem como para facilitar o acesso da população à Justiça. Esta dissertação tem por objetivos apresentar fatores políticos, institucionais e sociais que teriam levado à percepção da necessidade de uma reforma administrativa no âmbito do Poder Judiciário, e analisar a agenda do CNJ à luz dos desafios e expectativas direcionados ao Judiciário num contexto democrático e de direitos, tal como fora reconhecido pela Constituição de 1988. O trabalho apresenta os principais pontos da agenda de reforma administrativa elaborada pelo CNJ para o Poder Judiciário, e dispensa especial atenção ao Sistema de Metas, que surge como o elemento central das Políticas da Qualidade. O trabalho faz uma comparação entre as Metas 01 e 02 com relação ao objetivo da celeridade, e raciocina sobre de que modo elas servem aos interesses da instituição Poder Judiciário, aos interesses das partes que figuram nos processos, e aos interesses da sociedade brasileira em geral. Finalmente, o trabalho retrata os limites da política da celeridade adotada pelo CNJ e lembra que há outras saídas para o problema do acesso à Justiça, tais como indicaram Cappelletti & Garth e autores da Escola de Wisconsin em pesquisas sobre o tema. / [en] From 2009 on, with the editing of Resolution n° 70, authored by the National Council of Justice (CNJ), Quality Policies were implemented in the Brazilian Courts of Justice in order to confer more quality to their activities of delivering jurisdiction, in order to better attend the citizens users of the system of Justice, as well as to facilitate people s access to Justice. This dissertation aims at exposing political, institutional and social factors that would have led to the perception of the need for an administrative reform within the Judiciary and at analyzing the agenda of CNJ under the challenges and expectations posed to the Judiciary, in a democratic context, since the promulgation of Brazilian Constitution of 1988. The work presents the main points of CNJ s agenda of administrative reform for the Judiciary, and dedicates special attention to the System of Targets, that emerges as the central element of the Quality Policies implemented by CNJ. The work compares Targets 01 and 02 in relation to the objective of celerity, and thinks of how they serve the interests of the Judiciary as an institution, the interests of the parties figuring in the processes and the interests of the Brazilian society in general. Finally, the work portrays the limits of the celerity policy adopted by CNJ and reminds the readers that there are other exit strategies available for the problem of access to Justice, such as the ones indicated by Cappelletti & Garth and by the authors of Wisconsin School in researches about the theme.

Au Chili, au XIXe siècle, les inspecteurs et les sous-délégués étaient les fonctionnaires qui rendaient justice aux plus bas échelons, à savoir respectivement dans les districts et les sous-délégations qui composaient la République. Ils étaient nommés par le gouverneur du département parmi les hommes sachant lire et écrire et dotés d’une certaine indépendance économique et d’une bonne réputation sociale. L’immense majorité n’avait aucune formation en droit ni même de connaissances juridiques : il s’agissait de juges legos, en opposition aux avocats des universités, les letrados. Ils instruisaient, uniquement à l’oral, des procès de montant minime et mineur ainsi que, dans le cas des sous-délégués, des affaires criminelles légères ; en d’autres termes, les procès les plus courants et les plus nombreux. En outre, ils assumaient des prérogatives administratives et policières larges, cumul unique de fonctions qui les rendaient responsables de l’ordre public dans leur circonscription. Tout ceci, sans aucune rémunération ni gratification de la part de l’État : il s’agissait en effet de charges honorifiques, assumées gratuitement. [...] Au regard de ces évolutions, la figure administrative du juge de campagne semble être « à contre-courant », ce que n’ont pas manqué de remarquer les juristes éclairés de l’époque. Dès lors, cette thèse s’interroge sur la permanence de ce fonctionnaire pendant toute la période étudiée entre le Règlement d’administration de justice de 1824 et la Loi d’Organisation et d’attribution des Tribunaux de 1875. Elle cherche également à comprendre le sens et le poids de cette fonction, à rendre compte de son activité et des conditions dans lesquelles elle s’exerçait, à imaginer son efficacité et son acceptation au sein de la communauté, autant d’éléments qui peuvent contribuer à sa longévité. Deux terrains d’études ont été privilégiés pour leur valeur représentative de différents types de campagnes chiliennes : le département de Curicó, vallée d’agriculture commerciale et d’exportation traditionnelle, et le département de Copiapó, désert minier inséré dans l’économie capitaliste. [...] Certaines de ces sources sont inédites, en particulier, les rapports de visites judiciaires, les affaires judiciaires, les correspondances administratives qui permettent de rendre aux juges de campagne leur «visage humain». En somme, elles aident à comprendre comment se fit la construction de l’État dans les campagnes, depuis l’angle de vue de ces dernières. / In Chile, during the nineteenth century, inspectors and sub-delegates were civil servants who served justice to the lowest strata – namely in the districts and the sub-delegations that formed the Republic. They were appointed by the governor of the province and were men who could read and write, enjoyed a certain economic independence and had decent social status. Most of them had no legal training nor knowledge: they were lego judges, as opposed to university lawyers, the letrados. They were conducting minor trials orally and, in the case of sub-delegates, light indictable cases; that is to say the most common and numerous ones. In addition, they held wide administrative and police entitlements which combined roles making them responsible for public order within their constituencies. All this, without any remuneration or gratuity from the State: such positions were in fact honorary charges, performed for free. [...] In view of these developments, the administrative feature of the county judge was appearing to “go against the grain”, which got noticed by the enlightened jurists of the time. Therefore, this thesis questions the permanence of these civil servants throughout the studied period, i.e. between the Justice Administrative Rules of 1824 and the Judiciary and Judicial Appointment Law of 1875. It also seeks to understand the meaning and credence of this function, to report on its activity and the conditions under which it was exercised, to imagine its effectiveness and its acceptance within the community – all of which being potentially able to contribute to its longevity. Two fields of study were favored in view of their representative value of the Chilean countryside: the Curicó province, a valley marked by commercial agriculture and traditional export, and the Copiapó province a mining desert well included in capitalist economy. [...] The studied “maladministration-of-justice” cases show that, before punishing and penalizing, the letrado judge attempted to advise and to guide his lego judges. Custodians of a valuable "know-how", these "ignorant" of the Law proved to be absolutely necessary for the maintenance of law and order. They acted – in more or less regulatory procedural terms – upon the daily life conflicts and disputes of their community as revealed through the sources (some of them being previously unpublished). Moreover, reports of judicial visits, court cases and administrative correspondence allow us to see county judges with a "human face". In short, they provide a way to understand how the state formation took place, in the countryside and from the latter’s own point of view. / En Chile, en el siglo XIX, los inspectores y los subdelegados eran los funcionarios que administraban justicia a escala territorial local, es decir,respectivamente en los distritos y en las subdelegaciones que componían la República. Eran nombrados por el gobernador del Departamento entre los hombres que sabían leer y escribir, que eran dotados de cierta independencia económica, y que gozaban de buena reputación social. La gran mayoría de ellos no poseía una formación en derecho y tampoco conocimientos jurídicos:eran jueces “legos”, en oposición a los abogados de las universidades, los“letrados”. Inspectores y subdelegados conocían, solamente de forma verbal,juicios de mínima y menor cuantía. En el caso de los subdelegados, estos también conocían delitos leves; es decir, los juicios más comunes y numerosos.Por otra parte, inspectores y subdelegados asumían prerrogativas administrativas y policiales amplias, manejando un cúmulo único de funciones,que los hacía responsables del orden público en su circunscripción. Todo esto,sin ninguna remuneración ni gratificación de parte del Estado: se trataba en realidad de cargos concejiles, asumidos gratuitamente.Considerando estas evoluciones, la figura administrativa del juez rural parece estar a “contracorriente”, lo que fue muy bien percibido por los juristas ilustrados de la época. [...] Partiendo de esta observación, esta tesis cuestiona la permanencia de estos funcionarios durante todo el período estudiado entre el Reglamento de Administración de Justicia de 1824 y la Ley de Organización y de Atribuciones de los Tribunales de 1875. El trabajo busca comprender el sentido y el peso de esta función, así como rendir cuenta de su actividad y delas condiciones en las cuales se ejercía, e imaginar su eficacia y su aceptación en el seno de la comunidad. Todo lo anterior pudo contribuir a su permanencia.Dos terrenos de investigación fueron privilegiados por su valor representativo de los diferentes espacios rurales chilenos: el departamento de Curicó, valle de agricultura comercial y de exportación tradicional, y el departamento de Copiapó, desierto minero inserto en la economía capitalista. [...]Algunas de las que se estudiaron para este trabajo son inéditas, en particular, los informes de visitas judiciales, los expedientes judiciales, y las correspondencias administrativas, que permiten dar a los jueces rurales un“rostro humano”. En síntesis, ayudan a comprender cómo se realizó la construcción del Estado en el espacio rural, y desde el punto de vista de este último.