The thesis maps and analyzes the development of landed property on the territory of the contemporary Czech Republic since 1918 until the beginning of the 21st century. A special attention is devoted to the role and interference of the state into the development of this field. An essential part of the text comprises an introduction to the proprietary rights. The thesis presents a structural insight into the landed property system and its significance not just for the actual legal development on the territory of the contemporary Czech Republic but also for the ability to meet the basic existential needs of people living on this territory during particular, more or less historically important time periods. In more detail, it deals with the development of landed property after 1918, 1948 and 1989. It examines the issues of land reforms, socialization period and agrarian collectivization as well as the more recent ones. These include the process of restitution and privatization of landed property. Besides analyzing the contemporary legislation de lege lata, the author also addresses the proposals de lege ferenda. Simultaneously, the author devotes attention to the state land ownership; therefore, in the broader context, the question of the contemporary role of the state as the land owner is analyzed,...

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-26T19:38:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira,Victor Tomaz de-2013-dissertação.pdf: 11793142 bytes, checksum: 0d4aea9e301affeded894d8ec17c30fb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-26T19:39:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira,Victor Tomaz de-2013-dissertação.pdf: 11793142 bytes, checksum: 0d4aea9e301affeded894d8ec17c30fb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-26T19:39:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Oliveira,Victor Tomaz de-2013-dissertação.pdf: 11793142 bytes, checksum: 0d4aea9e301affeded894d8ec17c30fb (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-02 / The national environmental council in Brazil (CONAMA) establishes guidelines for the environmental licensing in rural settlements in Brazil. The search for environmental conservation in areas of agrarian reform, by emiting environmental licenses, passes through a very bureaucratic process between environmental agencies and enforcement agencies of the agrarian reform. Up to May 2012, only 22 % of rural settlements in the state of Goiás had the installation and operation environmental license. To better understand this scenario and the environmental licensing in the rural settlements of Goiás, this article identified and characterized the state of the art environmental licensing settlements in Goiás in 2012. The adopted methodology quantified, checked the period of occurrence and spatialized the created settlements using GIS techniques. In parallel, we sought to understand the barriers that makes the environmental licensing processes difficult considering the agrarian reform in Goiás. The results indicated that the environmental licensing applied to the areas of agrarian reform in the present way that it is done, penalizes the beneficiary in the areas that are not licensed. Moreover, it was noticed that the licensing process does not consider the existing environmental problems in the area before the establishment of the settlements. / O Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Conama) estabelece diretrizes para o licenciamento ambiental dos assentamentos rurais no Brasil. A busca pela conservação do meio ambiente em áreas da reforma agrária, por meio de emissões de licenças, passa por um processo bastante burocrático entre os órgãos ambientais e os órgãos executores da política de reforma agrária. Até maio de 2012, apenas 22% dos assentamentos rurais existentes no Estado de Goiás possuíam a Licença de Instalação e Operação. Para melhor entender este cenário do licenciamento ambiental nos assentamentos rurais de Goiás, o presente artigo visou identificar e caracterizar o estado da arte do licenciamento ambiental dos assentamentos em Goiás em 2012. Para tal, a metodologia adotada quantificou, temporalizou e espacializou os assentamentos criados, usando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Paralelamente, buscou compreender os entraves que dificultam o processo de licenciamento ambiental na reforma agrária em Goiás. Os resultados indicaram que o licenciamento ambiental aplicado às áreas de reforma agrária nos moldes como é realizado, penaliza demasiadamente o beneficiário da reforma agrária nas áreas não licenciadas. Ademais, percebeu-se que o processo de licenciamento não considera os problemas ambientais existentes nas áreas antes da criação dos assentamentos.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-24T18:35:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FrednanBezerraSantos.pdf: 17306793 bytes, checksum: 0e97183273963868602365a41d120bbb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-24T18:35:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrednanBezerraSantos.pdf: 17306793 bytes, checksum: 0e97183273963868602365a41d120bbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) / The hypothesis that guides research is linked to the understanding that the land question in Brazil must be understood as a manifestation of the capitalist accumulation process which brings us to the debate on the state's role on the prism of reform or revolution. The relevance of the land question in Brazil is observed both in social conflicts in the countryside and in the economic dynamics of the Brazilian middle-rural determining the history of agrarian reform forward the advance of agribusiness. The history of land reform in Brazil must be understood in the light of social and blocking "political-legal-institutional" demands of these by the state ruling elites that materializes in the 1850 Land Law, the Land Statute in 1964, in the preparation of I NARP in 1985, land reform market established with the World Bank support in 1998, and in the "agribusiness strategy" when editing the NARP II in 2003. from an ideological political point of view liberalizing policy to combat poverty implemented in Brazil from the 1990s, with the support of the UN, fits the liberal strengthening market strategy. In this context, agrarian reform becomes a stopgap policy. In Brazil, the agrarian reform is only performed from the pressure of social movements. In terms of structure, the dissertation is organized into five chapters, and the first recover the debate on the roots of the agrarian question in Brazil taking the land, means of production, compared to subjects of the agrarian question as the central element for understanding the contradictions of capitalist development in the field. The second is discussed agrarian reform as a structural policy, recapitulated the political debate on the duality: reform or revolution within the framework of the contemporary capitalist state and the institutionalization of agrarian reform as a result of workers' struggle. In the third chapter rescues the historical process of land reform in Brazil with emphasis on blocking processes agrarian reform. The fourth chapter discusses the NARP II as a coping policy to the agrarian question in Brazil taking as a starting point the process of political construction ahead the political and economic power of agribusiness and confronts the results of II PNRA with the situation. But the analysis of the results of II PNRA points to its configuration as a sectoral policy of promoting family farming. / A hipótese que norteia a pesquisa está atrelada à compreensão de que a questão agrária no Brasil deve ser entendida, como manifestação do processo capitalista de acumulação o que nos remete ao debate sobre o papel do Estado sobre o prisma da reforma ou revolução. A atualidade da questão agrária no Brasil se observa tanto nos conflitos sociais no campo quanto na dinâmica econômica do meio-rural brasileiro que determina a história da reforma agrária frente ao avanço do agronegócio. A história da reforma agrária no Brasil deve ser entendida à luz das demandas sociais e bloqueio “político-jurídico-institucional” dessas pelas elites dirigentes do Estado que se materializa na Lei de Terras de 1850, no Estatuto da Terra em 1964, na elaboração do I PNRA no ano de 1985, na reforma agrária de mercado instituída com o apoio do Banco Mundial no ano de 1998, e na chamada “estratégia do agronegócio” quando da edição do II PNRA no ano de 2003. Do ponto de vista politico ideológico a política liberalizante de combate à pobreza implantada no Brasil a partir da década de 1990, com o apoio da ONU, se encaixa na estratégia liberal de fortalecimento do mercado. Nesse contexto, a reforma agrária passa a ser uma política paliativa. No Brasil a reforma agrária só é executada a partir da pressão dos movimentos sociais. Em termos de estrutura, a dissertação está organizada em cinco capítulos, sendo que no primeiro recupera-se o debate sobre as raízes da questão agrária no Brasil tomando a terra, meio de produção, frente aos sujeitos da questão agrária como elemento central para o entendimento das contradições do desenvolvimento capitalista no campo. No segundo é discutida reforma agrária como política estruturante, recapitulado o debate político sobre a dualidade: reforma ou revolução no marco do estado capitalista contemporâneo e a institucionalização da reforma agrária como resultado da luta dos trabalhadores. No terceiro capítulo resgata-se o processo histórico da reforma agrária no Brasil com ênfase nos processos de bloqueio à reforma agrária. O quarto capítulo discute o II PNRA como política de enfrentamento à questão agrária no Brasil tomando como ponto de partida o processo de construção da política frente ao poder político e econômico do agronegócio e confronta os resultados do II PNRA com a conjuntura. Mas, a análise dos resultados do II PNRA aponta para a sua configuração como uma política setorial de fomento à agricultura familiar.

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / This study was conducted in Limpopo province in Makhado municipality, Vhembe district. It concentrated on Levubu farms. There are seven Communal Property Associations (CPAs) which occupy about 258.7889 hectares of land; there are Ravele, Masakona, Tshakhuma, Shigalo, Tshivhazwaulu, Tshitwani, Ratombo but this study will concentrate only on Shigalo CPA. Two hundred and seventy respondents in Shigalo land restitution project in Makhado municipality were interviewed on sustainability of the restitution projects. It is argued that for a sustainability of restitution project, a number of requirements must be met. These include a clear and coherent vision, full participation and ownership by the beneficiaries of the project; political support at the highest level; appropriate mechanisms for implementation; sufficient funding; mutually- supportive linkages with other relevant areas of policy, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the intended beneficiaries as well as taking care of the environment for the future generation. The case study was conducted to investigate the sustainability of restitution project in Shigalo restitution community. The results obtained in this study show that Shigalo beneficiaries have ownership and full participation in the land restitution farms. It also pointed out that Shigalo beneficiaries were capacitated to increase the level of farm production and farm management skills, and they were assisted by strategic partnership. With reference to environmental conditions, the results show that the sustainability of agricultural project is also controlled by good agricultural practices that are environmental friendly. There were environmental constrains that affected farming in Shigalo projects such as drought, veld fire and frost. Shigalo restitution farms get advice on environmental problems from the Department of Agriculture. Industrial, financial and technical support will play a vital role in sustaining restitution projects.

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2012

Thesis (M.DEV.) --University of Limpopo, 2012. / This research presents a study to investigate impact of support services rendered to land restitution claim settlement, with a focus on Masakona community in Makhado municipality in Limpopo Province There is encouraging evidence from a number of studies, however that the period after land settlement or restitution is the most critical because the success of land reform is not only measured by the number of hectors restitution, but by the support services rendered to those restituted projects. However, in this study, indicators were developed with overall purpose of determining or assessing whether specific improvement is been realized after implementation of agricultural support services. The indicators include improved access to financial,( implements , mechanization and job creation), access to extension support (improved crop production owing to provided advisory services); access to market information; and capacity building (change in farmer’s skills and knowledge). The study includes a review of international and local literature on land reform (especially land restitution). It is based on repeated field visits to Masakona land restitution projects, interview with employed beneficiaries of Masakona restituted project, CPA management committee members and extension officers from Limpopo Department of Agriculture who are servicing the restituted projects. The findings of this study point to the need for the state to rethink its strategy on post- settlement support and the involvement of a range of institutions, especially local government, for the sustainability and productivity of these projects.

Thesis (M.A. (Sociology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / The study is on land restitution and development departing from the assumption that the return of a people’s land should contribute to the enhancement of their wellbeing. The question is does the common land-use objective of beneficiaries of land restitution match their share historical right to the returned land? What should actions on the returned land be based – livelihood needs or restorative justice? A profile of the livelihoods of the Manavhelas showed how the land restitution process can be used to reduce poverty amongst previously dispossessed Black South Africans. Methodological triangulation was used to achieve the above. It was observed in this case that land restitution is yet to realise poverty reduction because of gaps in its conception and inadequacies in the implementation. Closing the gap and linking the land restitution programme to the livelihood needs of its beneficiaries will improve its capacity to deliver on its promise

Thesis (M.A. (Political Science))--University of Limpopo, 2007 / Since 1913 black South Africans have been forcefully dispossessed of land under the racist land laws of the successive white South African governments. In 1994 the black government began to pass land laws that were supposed to provide blacks with land ownership rights. Ten years later blacks have re-claimed less than four percent of the eighty seven percent of the land they were dispossessed of. The failure to return dispossessed land to blacks is attributed to the ideology of the current government with respect to its land policy. This study attempts to fill the void regarding the ideological implications of the land reform policy of the post-apartheid government. We speculate that neo-liberal implications are dominant within this policy. Social democracy can overcome the failure of the policy as it is cost-effective and efficient and attempts to achieve social justice. It can therefore afford dispossessed and landless blacks land ownership.

Thesis (M. Dev. ) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / The legacy of apartheid has left the current democratic government of South Africa grappling with vast challenges. Eighteen years of governance has not been enough for the state to address issues of land redistribution, and in particular redistribution of commercial farm and the improvement of their functionality after redistribution. The main aim of the study is to assess the general functionality, productivity and challenges of redistributed farms. Qualitative research methodology (descriptive research design) is used to diagnose historical and current issues impacting on the functionality, productivity and challenges facing LCPA. Probability random sampling, more especially stratified random sampling was used as a sampling method. The results indicated that the farm is experiencing a number of challenges, conflicting views regarding the farm path. Due to the lack of financial support, malfunctioning or aging infrastructure, and most importantly the lack of agricultural technical and farming knowledge. Challenges experienced among others include the following, consistent decline in production, lack of technical and strong agricultural farming knowledge, lack of persistent strong financial support; and lack of integrated support from agricultural stakeholders. To change the status quo, consistent training of beneficiaries in farming and farm management has to be tailor made for them, and a multidimensional support for beneficiaries has to be put in place.