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I Sverige kommer största delen av producerad el från förnybara källor men solenergin står i dagsläget för ett litet bidrag till den svenska elproduktionen. Energipolitiska mål gör gällande att Sverige ska ha 100% förnybar elproduktion år 2040. I dagsläget är industrisektorn en av huvudkonsumenterna av elektriciteten i Sverige. Industrifastigheter lämpar sig ofta väl för takmonterad solcellsinstallation. Genom energieffektiviseringar och användning av förnybar el kan företag reducera sina elkostnader och sin miljöpåverkan. Överproduktion av el från solcellsanläggning kan dessutom generera inkomster från såld solel. Målet med arbetet var att förse industriföretaget Springwire Sweden AB med jämförande energi-, ekonomi- och miljöanalys för olika investeringsscenarier av solcellsanläggning och/eller LED-belysning för att presentera investeringen med bäst lönsamhet, kortast återbetalningstid samt störst miljöpåverkansreduktion. Föreslagna scenarier undersöktes med avseende på energiflöden, ekonomisk genomförbarhet samt miljöpåverkan och jämfördes med företagets nuläge med hjälp av energikartläggning, kostnads-/intäktsanalys och livscykelanalysmetoder. Med hänsyn till rådande skatteregler för solcellsanläggningar begränsades största enskilda undersökta solcellsanläggning till 500 kWp. Springwire förfogade över två fastigheter vilka båda kunde husera varsin 500 kWp-anläggning på taket och därför undersöktes installation av 500 kWp-anläggning på båda fastigheternas tak (500+500 kWp). De ekonomiska resultaten visade att solcellsanläggningen 500+500 kWp kombinerad med LED-belysning var den mest lönsamma investeringen av de undersökta investeringsfallen under antagna ekonomiska livslängden 30 år. Nettonuvärdet, investeringens lönsamhet, för 500+500 kWp-anläggningen kombinerad med LED-belysning var 10 MSEK. LED-belysning var investeringen med kortast återbetalningstid, 2,5 år. Investeringen 500+500 kWp kombinerad med LED-belysning minskade koldioxidavtrycket för företagets produkter med 24% jämfört med nuläget. Det innebar att miljöpåverkan för varje ton ståltråd minskade med 19,5 kg CO2e vilket med hänsyn till företagets totala ståltrådproduktion per år motsvarade minskning med 80 ton CO2e. Studiens resultat visade att genom att investera i solcellsanläggning och/eller LED-belysning kan industriföretag inom ståltrådproduktion öka sin ekonomiska lönsamhet över tid och samtidigt minska miljöpåverkan från sina produkter. / In Sweden, most of the electricity produced comes from renewable sources, but solar energy still accounts for a small contribution to the Swedish electricity generation. Energy policy goals state that Sweden will have 100% renewable electricity production by 2040. Currently, the industrial sector is one of the main consumers of the electricity in Sweden. Industrial properties and buildings are often well suited for roof-mounted photovoltaic system (PV system) installation. Through energy efficiency improvements and the use of renewable electricity sources, companies can reduce the corresponding energy costs and the environmental impacts. Overproduction of electricity from PV systems can also generate income from sold solar electricity. The aim of this work was to provide the industrial company Springwire Sweden AB with comparative energy, economic and environmental analysis for different scenarios on the investment in PV systems and/or LED-lighting to present the investment with the best profitability, shortest payback period and largest environmental impact reduction. The proposed scenarios were investigated in terms of energy flows, economy feasibility and environmental impacts, and were compared with the current energy sources in the company using energy mapping, cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment methods.  Regarding the current tax rules for PV systems, the largest individual investigated PV system is limited to 500 kWp. Springwire has two properties where each building could be host of a 500 kWp plant on the roof and therefore the installation of a 500 kWp PV system on the roof of both properties (500+500 kWp) was investigated. The economic results shows that the PV system 500+500 kWp combined with the LED-lighting is the most profitable investment over the assumed economic lifetime of 30 years between all the proposed scenarios. The net present value was found to be SEK 10 million for the 500+500 kWp PV system combined with LED-lighting. LED-lighting was the investment with the shortest payback period, 2.5 years. The investment of the 500+500 PV system combined with LED-lighting would reduce the carbon footprint of the company's products by 24% relative to the current scenario. It means the climate impact of each ton wire would decrease by 19.5 kg CO2 eq, and considering the total amount of the company production per year, this value would be 80 ton CO2 eq.  The results of the study revealed that by investing on photovoltaic systems and/or LED-lighting, industrial companies on wire production can increase their economic profitability over time while reducing the environmental impact of their products.

Syfte: Att undersöka och jämföra effekten av olika LED-lampor genom mätning av konversionsgrad, härdningsdjup och mikro-hårdhet på en universal nano-komposit. Detta utifrån frågeställningarna: - Stämmer härdningslampornas verkliga irradians överens med den som uppges i produktdatabladen?- Kan härdningsprocessen effektiviseras genom att ljushärda med högre irradians och kortare härdningstid?Material & Metod: Materialegenskaperna - konversionsgrad, härdningsdjup och mikro-hårdhet mättes för kompositen Filtek Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) med fem LED-härdningslampor och olika härdningstider (kort, medellång, lång tid). LED-lamporna som användes i studien var L.E.Demetron II (Kerr), Mini LED (Satelec), D-Light Pro (GC), Epilar Deepcure-S (3M ESPE) och Flashmax P3 (CMS Dental). LED-lampornas spektralfördelning erhölls med en CCD-spektrometer (Avantes Inc.) kopplad till en integrerande sfär (Gooch & Housego) med en fiberoptisk kabel (Avantes Inc.). Data analyserades med ensidig och tvåsidig variansanalys (ANOVA-test) följt av Tukey-test. Resultat: En kort härdningstid och en härdning med låg irradians gav en lägre konversionsgrad, härdningsdjup och mikro-hårdhet jämfört med härdning med längre tid och hög irradians.Slutsats: Härdningslampornas verkliga irradians överensstämmer med irradiansen som uppges i produktdatabladen. En tillräcklig polymerisering uppnås med alla härdningslampor vid samtliga härdningstider. Härdningsprocessen kan effektiviseras och/eller förbättras genom att tillföra mer energi på kortare tid. Att förlänga härdningstiden utöver tillverkarens rekommendationer har en positiv effekt på materialegenskaperna – ökad konversionsgrad, härdningsdjup och mikro-hårdhet. / Aim: To investigate and compare the effect of different LED curing devices by measuring degree of conversion, curing depth and micro-hardness of a universal nanocomposite, based on the questions:- Does the actual irradiance of the curing lamps match the one specified in the product data sheets?- Can the curing process be done more efficiently by light curing with a higher irradiance and a shorter curing time?Materials & Methods: The material properties degree of conversion, curing depth and microhardness were measured for the Filtek Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) composite with different LEDs and after curing at different curing times (short, medium, long). The light curing units used in the study were L.E.Demetron II (Kerr), Mini LED (Satelec), D-Light Pro (GC), Epilar Deepcure-S (3M ESPE) and Flashmax P3 (CMS Dental). The spectral irradiance of the LEDs was obtained with a CCD spectrometer (Avantes Inc.) connected to an integral sphere (Gooch & Housego) with a fiber optic cable (Avantes Inc.). Data were analyzed with one- and two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test. Results: Short curing times and low irradiance results in lower values of the material properties compared to longer curing times and higher irradiance.Conclusion: The actual irradiance of the curing lamps is consistent with that stated in the product data sheets. Sufficient polymerization was achieved with all curing lamps at all curing times. The curing process can be made more efficient and/or be improved by adding more energy in less time. Extending the curing time has a positive effect on the material properties – an increased degree of conversion, depth of cure and micro-hardness.

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Detta arbete behandlar ämnet stämningsbelysning för hemmiljö. Projektets huvudfrågeställning är; hur utformar man en belysning som ger användaren möjlighet att skapa önskad stämning i rummet? För att ta reda på detta samlades kunskap kring ljusets effekter på människa och rum. Vidare samlades en fokusgrupp som för att ge sin input om sina vanor, önskemål och behov angående belysning. Förslag på en produkt arbetades fram via en process bestående idégenerering, skissning, modellering och slutligen prototypbygge. Resultatet är en golvbaserad stämningsbelysning som kan dimras genom att skärmen öppnas upp respektive stängs med handkraft. / The goal of this project is creating a mood lighting fixture for the home market. The main question was; how do you make a light fixture that enables the user to create the preferred mood of the room? To answer this question studies about light and it's effects on humans and the environment was carried out. Further on a focus group was assembled in purpose of gaining knowledge of the groups habits, wishes and needs in a lighting context. Solutions were formed during a process of brainstorming, sketching, modelling and finally prototyping. The result is a floor based mood light that is dimmable by opening or closing its shade.

A method using a Fourier series is demonstrated to optimize an LED array for local dimming applications in liquid crystal display backlighting. The same optimization method is also suitable for LED displays in which the Moiré effect must be suppressed during photography with a minimum loss of spatial resolution. Initially, the angular intensity profile of a Lambertian LED is modelled when backlighting a Lambertian rear projection screen and compared to experimental data. An array of optimized LEDs and the resulting screen intensity pattern is then derived such that an intensity distribution with an intensity deviation of less than 2% is achieved. The angular intensity profile of the LED is modified using adjustable Fourier coefficients optimized according to an algorithm. The algorithm is designed to achieve an illuminated screen area of maximum size for a bounded LED backlight array to appear uniform in intensity to an observer. This Fourier series approach provides an elegant method to optimize the intensity profile of LED backlight arrays without the use of ray tracing. A lens was designed in order to provide this optimized intensity profile as well as created and tested. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

In his book Ritual House, Ralph Knowles states, "The houses we inhabit, the cities surrounding our houses, even the clothes we wear - all are shelters we erect against the elements. But they are also manifestations of ancient rituals, developed in response to nature's rhythms" (2006). Implicit within this quote is the importance of nature's rhythms in our lives, particularly those related to the movement of the sun. Many built environments have no connection to the exterior. Those who work in these spaces are disconnected from these natural rhythms and often experience detrimental physiological effects. However, technology has the potential to reintroduce aspects of natural rhythms into built environments. This research crossed disciplinary boundaries separating architecture, engineering, psychology, and building science during the design of an architectural intervention for an interior workspace known as the Sandbox, at Virginia Tech. The design proposal includes skylights that combine Photovoltaic-integrated glazing with LED lighting to create conditions that stimulate the occupants while connecting inside to out. To reestablish a connection to natural rhythms the BIPV energy monitoring is used during the day to record variations in solar radiation which at night are played back through intensity and color variations of LED lighting. The effect of the LED lighting was compared with the sunlight entering through the skylights using quantitative analysis methods and qualitative visual comparison tools including time lapse photos and videos. The research merges architectural design, lighting technology and BIPV to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for the reintroduction of natural rhythms into built environments. / Master of Science

This research analyzes the Word of Faith Fellowship (WOF), a female-led Evangelical church that social scientists have not yet studied. My thesis explores how a female leader operates within a patriarchal space and why WOF owns a Holocaust Museum. I conducted content analysis of the church and museum websites, Google reviews, and visited the museum in person. My research highlights the limitations of current taxonomies of religion in sociology. I address this oversight, argue for the re-introduction of “cult” as an analytical term, and propose a rubric for cult identification. I suggest that WOF is a sectarian cult with similar features to other female-led cults. I also find that the group expresses philosemitism through the museum and the tragedy of the Holocaust to pursue church legitimacy. I thus expand on current understandings of philosemitism and posit the concept of tragedy appropriation to describe narrative theft at the group level.

No / Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the various mechanisms that can be used to integrate new technology into existing products, and to determine some of the conditions under which specific integration mechanisms are most appropriate. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopted an exploratory theory¿building approach based on analysis of data from 12 case studies, each representing companies with varying levels of: technological maturity of the organization and technological advancement of their products. Informants were managers and engineers who had responsibility for, or a significant role in, the integration of software and hardware. At least three interviews were conducted in each company and all interviews were of at least two hours duration. In total, 41 interviews were conducted. The different approaches used for technology integration were examined and subsequently mapped using the twin dimensions outlined above. Findings Cross¿case pattern analysis indicates that for technologically mature organizations, mechanisms based on processes are most appropriate, while for less mature organizations an approach based on structural mechanisms may be more suitable. Similarly, in cases involving high levels of technology advancement in the products, integration mechanisms based on processes and culture are preferable, whereas for low technology products the mechanisms are clustered around resource¿based approaches. Research limitations/implications Multiple cases do not permit as much depth as the classic single case study and tend to yield ¿modest¿ rather than ¿grand¿ theoretical development. The use of scaling to convert qualitative data into quantitative data, and the identification of patterns in cross¿case analysis are both based on interpretive judgements. Future research should examine the proposed model and its constructs in different settings and using alternative research methods. There is also an opportunity to explore the relationships between the integration mechanisms and the outcomes of integration projects, and finally, it would be useful to extend the work to service settings and to integration of process technology. Practical implications The findings provide guidance to managers in selecting alternative approaches to managing the process of technology integration in different contexts. Examples are given of practices associated with each integration mechanism, together with some of the tensions and challenges which arise during implementation. Originality/value The paper provides clear guidance on the approaches that can be used for technology integration for product development. It classifies these according to the level of maturity and experience in the organization and the level of advancement of the product offered by the technology.

No / Objective We sought to analyze the effect of a structured, dietitian-led education program on patients' general knowledge of phosphate and phosphate binders, and its impact on serum phosphate concentrations in a single-center hemodialysis population. Design We compared subjects before and after intervention. Setting This study involved two dialysis units operated by a single center. Patients One hundred and fifteen hemodialysis patients consented to participate in this study (54% male; mean age, 61.1 years; 32% Asian). Patients acted as their own controls. One hundred and eight patients completed the study. Intervention All patients completed a questionnaire to assess their knowledge of phosphate and phosphate-binder therapy. Small group teaching sessions were then delivered to patients by a single dietitian, with the aid of a hospital interpreter as required. Patients also received information booklets or audio cassettes translated into Urdu. A second identical questionnaire was completed a month later. Main Outcome Measures Outcome measures involved pre-education and posteducation knowledge scores, monthly measurements of serum phosphate, calcium, and mean Kt/V, and parathyroid hormone concentrations every 3 months during the 5 month run-in period and subsequent 5-month study period. Results The education program significantly improved patients' general knowledge of phosphate and of phosphate-binders (P < .001), especially in patients with a low pretest score and those of South Asian origin. This result was associated with a significant reduction in serum phosphate in patients with hyperphosphatemia (P = .032). Conclusions These findings suggest that a combination of educational initiatives is effective in enhancing patients' knowledge of phosphate and phosphate-binders, and consequently in improving serum phosphate levels in patients with hyperphosphatemia.