The main objective of my work was to transparently capture the process of implementation of provision of network supervision in Chrudim through the action research method. The theoretical part has been dedicated to the description of supervision as one of important tools for professional growth of workers in helping professions. Experiences with the provision of interdisciplinary supervision in New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic were described. The second part of the theoretical section was focused on interdisciplinary cooperation in the Czech Republic, specifically cooperation within the network of services for vulnerable children and families in Chrudim. In the research I used the method of action research, which is about dialogue and cooperation of all research participants. Action research investigation stems from everyday practice and aims to find the best solution to a given problem at local level. I used the methods of observation, self-research, focus groups and semi-structured interviews to obtain data. Research participants were employees of the Department of Social and Legal Protection and workers from non-profit organizations from Chrudim and its surroundings. The findings of this work should serve to enable professionals to experience this new field of supervision...

1 Rights arising from defective performance Abstract This diploma thesis examines the institute of rights arising from defective performance. It contains not only a theoretical description of the effective legislation but also practical examples on which the theoretical background and knowledge are demonstrated. In addition to institutes of default and liability for damage, the institute of rights arising from defective performance is a key institute of ensuring the proper and timely fulfilment of the obligation. Considering how often practically one of the parties to the obligation performs defectively, it is difficult to imagine a private right of obligation without the institute of rights arising from defective performance. The factual position of the parties to the obligation is often unequal, which is the reason why the legislator strives to protect the weaker party both through general protective institutes and through special legal regulation of rights arising from defective performance. Due to the existence of several special legal regulations, and in some cases unclear relations between them, the Czech legal regulation of rights arising from defective performance is often criticized as confusing and complicated. The thesis is systematically divided into four parts. The first part provides...

<p>Poslednjih decenija intenzivno se na univerzionalnom i regionalnim nivoima razvija pravo ljudskih prava, uključujući pravo na ravnopravnost i pravo na slobodu od diskriminacije. To je doprinelo napretku u ostvarivanju prava žena i rodne ravnopravnosti. Ukinute su formalne zakonske prepreke za žene, zatim je zabranjena diskriminacija i garantovano je pravo na ravnopravnost, &scaron;to je omogućilo de iure ravnopravnost, a nakon toga se teži ostvarivanju de facto ravnopravnosti. Međutim, su&scaron;tinska ravnopravnost između žena i mu&scaron;karaca jo&scaron; uvek nije dostignuta. Žene &scaron;irom sveta i dalje su u nepovoljnijem položaju u poređenju sa mu&scaron;karcima, diskriminisane su u svim sferama javnog i privatnog života i izložene su nasilju. Pored toga, žene su veoma heterogena grupa, a pojedine grupe žena vi&scaron;estruko su marginalizovane i izložene su većem riziku od vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije, pa je njihov položaj mnogo lo&scaron;iji u poređenju sa ženama i mu&scaron;karcima iz većinske populacije, kao i mu&scaron;karcima iz njihove manjinske grupe. Vi&scaron;estruka diskriminacija je složen dru&scaron;tveni fenomen, kojim se bave mnoge naučne discipline, zbog čega je bilo neophodno interdisciplinarno istraživanje.<br />U radu se bavim istraživanjem fenomena vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacijom žena, kao i dometima i ograničenjima pravne za&scaron;tite žena od vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije u Republici Srbiji i Austriji, Bugarskoj, Hrvatskoj, Francuskoj i Nemačkoj, kao odabranim državama Evropske unije. Teorijski okvir ovog rada su feminističke teorije uop&scaron;te, a posebno feministička pravna teorija koju Marta Kamalas (Martha Chamallas) defini&scaron;e kao feminističku pravnu teoriju generacije kompleksnih identiteta, a Kler Dalton (Claire Dalton) kao fazu raznovrsnosti. Podele koje su one formulisale povezane su sa pravnim teorijama jednakosti i ravnopravnosti, koje su važan deo teorijskog okvira ovog rada jer je na osnovu njih zabranjena diskriminacija, odnosno, kako je to Sandra Fredman definisala, ukinute su formalne zakonske prepreke, direktna i indirektna diskriminacija zabranjena su u svim sferama i uvedeni su mehanizmi za promovisanje ravnopravnosti. Feministička teorija intersekcionalnosti, koju je uspostavila Kimberli Kren&scaron;o (Kimberl&eacute; Crenshaw) predstavlja važan deo teorijskog okvira ovog rada, jer je za razumevanje pojma vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije važno razumevanje vi&scaron;estrukosti identiteta i njihove međusobne zavisnosti i neodvojivosti. Teorija intersekcionalnosti nagla&scaron;ava da fokus mora da bude na jedinstvenom identitetu osobe, a obuhvata i nove koncepte u kojima se prevazilaze lična svojstva kao delovi identiteta i grupe koje se stvaraju na osnovu jednog ili vi&scaron;e ličnih svojstava, te kao sredi&scaron;no pitanje postavlja odnos moći koji deluje u odnosu na specifičan jedinstveni i nedeljivi identitet neke osobe. Predmet mog interesovanja bio je da li pravo ima odgovor na nedeljivost identiteta žena, &scaron;to znači da sam istraživala da li je u antidiskriminacionim postupcima prepoznata vi&scaron;estruka diskriminacija, kao i da li žene koje pripadaju vi&scaron;estruko marginalizovanim grupama imaju adekvatnu mogućnost efikasne i delotvorne za&scaron;tite od diskriminacije. U radu zastupam tezu da je zabrana vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije potreban, ali ne i dovoljan uslov za adekvatnu za&scaron;titu žena od vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije, odnosno, da samo propisivanje zabrane vi&scaron;estruke nije dovoljno da bi žene dobile adekvatnu za&scaron;titu od diskriminacije. Takođe, zastupam tezu da prepreku ostvarivanju ravnopravnosti vi&scaron;estruko diskriminisanih žena predstavlja nedostatak su&scaron;tinskog razumevanja fenomena vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije među sudijama i advokatima, koji često odlučuju pod uticajem sopstvenih predrasuda i stereotipa, &scaron;to pravnu za&scaron;titu od diskriminacije čini nedelotvornom i dodatno marginalizuje žene. Zbog toga sam analizirala sudsku praksu i praksu nacionalnih tela za ravnopravnost u Srbiji i odabanim državama Evropske unije, kao i praksu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava i Suda pravde Evropske unije, u slučajevima vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije žena.<br />Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je broj postupaka za za&scaron;titu žena od vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije veoma mali, kao i da postoje brojni izazovi u obezbeđivanju efikasne i delotvorne pravne za&scaron;tite od vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije žena, koji između ostalog, uključuju i određene normativne nedostatke u pravnim sistemima država, su&scaron;tinsko nerazumevanje vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije žena, odlučivanje pod uticajem rodnih stereotipa i predrasuda, kao i te&scaron;koće u primeni pojedinih odredaba zakona.</p><p>Rad nudi uvid u prepreke i izazove u pravnoj za&scaron;titi žena od vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije, koje je neophodno otkloniti kako bi se vi&scaron;estruko diskriminisanim ženama obezbedila efikasna i delotvorna za&scaron;tita od diskriminacije. Rezultati istraživanja mogu biti od koristi pravnim profesionalcima (sudijama i advokatima), kao i donosiocima odluka i op&scaron;toj javnosti, u cilju podizanja svesti, boljeg razumevanja fenomena vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije žena i pobolj&scaron;anja pravne za&scaron;tite žena od vi&scaron;estruke diskriminacije.</p> / <p>In recent decades, human rights, including the right to equality and the right to freedom from discrimination, have been intensively developed at the universal and regional levels. This has contributed to progress in the realization of women&#39;s rights and gender equality. Formal legal barriers for women were abolished, discrimination was then banned and the right to equality was guaranteed, which enabled de iure equality, and subsequently sought to achieve de facto equality. However, substantive equality between women and men has not yet been achieved. Women around the world are still disadvantaged compared to men, discriminated against in all spheres of public and private life and subjected to violence. In addition, women are a very heterogeneous group, and some groups of women are marginalized and at higher risk of multiple discrimination, so their position is much worse compared to women and men in the majority population as well as men from their minority group. Multiple discrimination is a complex social phenomenon researched by many scientific disciplines, and interdisciplinary approach is necessary.</p><p>The dissertation deals with the phenomenon of multiple discrimination against women, as well as the scope and limitations of legal protection of women against multiple discrimination in the Republic of Serbia and Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France and Germany, as selected countries of the European Union. The theoretical framework of this paper is feminist theories in general, and feminist legal theory in particular, which Martha Chamallas defines as the feminist legal theory of the generation of complex identities, and Claire Dalton defines it as the phase of diversity. The divisions they formulate are linked to the legal theories of equity and equality, which are an important part of the theoretical framework of this dissertation because the prohibition of discrimination is based on those theories. Sandra Fredman defines it as follows: formal legal barriers are abolished, direct and indirect discrimination is prohibited in all spheres, and mechanisms have been introduced to promote equality. The feminist theory of intersectionality, founded by Kimberl&eacute; Crenshaw, is an important part of the theoretical framework of this dissertation because understanding the multiple identities and their interdependence and inseparability is important for understanding the concept of multiple discrimination. Intersectionality theory emphasizes that the focus must be on the unique identity of the person, and introduces new concepts in which separate parts of identities, and groups created on the basis of one or more personal traits should be overcame. In addition, the central question should be focused on power dynamics acting in relation to the specific unique and indivisible identity of a person. The subject of my interest was whether the legal systems have an answer to the indivisibility of women&#39;s identities, which means that I researched whether multiple discrimination was recognized in anti-discrimination proceedings, and whether women belonging to multiple marginalized groups had an adequate possibility to be efficiently and effectively protected against discrimination. In my dissertation, I argue that the prohibition of multiple discrimination is a necessary but not sufficient condition for adequate protection of women against multiple discrimination, that is, the mere introduction of a prohibition of multiple discrimination in legislation is not sufficient for women to obtain adequate protection against discrimination. I also argue that the barrier to achieving equality for multiple discriminated women is the lack of an essential understanding of the phenomenon of multiple discrimination among judges and lawyers, who often decide under the influence of their own prejudices and stereotypes, which renders legal protection against discrimination ineffective and further marginalizes women. Therefore, I have analyzed the case law and practice of national equality bodies in Serbia and selected European Union countries, as well as the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union in cases of multiple discrimination against women.<br />The results of the research show that the number of procedures for the protection of women from multiple discrimination is very small, and that there are numerous challenges in ensuring effective and effective legal protection against multiple discrimination against women, which include, among other things, certain regulatory deficiencies in the legal systems of the states, lack of understanding of multiple discrimination against women, decision making under the influence of gender stereotypes and prejudices, and difficulties in applying certain provisions of the law.</p><p>The dissertation offers insights into the obstacles and challenges in the legal protection of women against multiple discrimination, which need to be addressed in order to provide effective and efficient protection from multiple discriminated against women. The results of the research can be useful to legal professionals (judges and lawyers) as well as decision makers and the general public, with the aim of raising awareness, better understanding the phenomenon of multiple discrimination against women and improving the legal protection of women against multiple discrimination.</p>

This work is concerned with problems of the practice of the authority in the socio- legal protection of children in Ústecký region. The purpose of the work is the analysis of progress in work of the authority in the socio-legal protection of children in the context of the international standards Quality for Children. The theoretical part of the paper describes basic concepts relating to social- legal protection of children in the connection to the standards Quality for Children. The practical part analyzes practical progress in work of the social-legal authority of children in Ústecký region in the context of these standards. The analysis was performed with 20 interviews with officers from socio-legal authority in Ústecký region. The result of my investigation is to analyze the degree of the fulfillment of these standards.

The thesis focuses on the role of Low-threshold institutions for children and youth (NZDM) in the system of social- legal Child protection, their significance, possibilities and cooperation with other subjects, namely with Department of Social and Legal Protection for Children (OSPOD). The theoretical part defines what the social and legal protection for children is responsible for, how the cooperation between individual subjects work and what notification and information obligations are the subjects bound to fulfil. Attention is also paid to the tasks of OSPOD, NZDM and the role of entrusted persons in the system. The practical part is focused on three main topics. 1) Do the NZDMs have an authorisation to perform social and legal protection of children (and advantages and disadvantages associated with it)? 2) What is the role of NZDM in the system of Child protection (With what clients they work? How can NZDMs help their clients? And do they cooperate with other subjects)? 3) How does the cooperation with OSPOD works?The qualitative (interviews) as well as quantitative (questionnaires) methods have been used during the research.

The thesis is focused on the construction of conflict situations of social workers of OSPOD (Authority of Social and Legal Protection of Children). The first part explains what conflict is from the perspective of helping professions and social constructionism. This section explains the Relational Dialectics Theory (construction of meanings related to individual identity and relationships through the use of language) and the structure of discourse construction using Gee categories. The aim of this ork was to examine the construction of conflicts between clients and social workers who work at OSPOD. The results showed what is the structure of the construction of conflict situations and what kind of struggles of discourses can be called conflict.

The main aim of my Master's thesis, is to analyze the experience with foster care on a temporary basis acquired by semi - structured interviews with social workers of social and legal protection of children in northern Bohemia. Furthermore, mapping what positive and difficulties they find of foster care on a temporary basis social workers social and legal protection of children. This Master's thesis gets the reader introduced the theory of attachment, the historical development of family substitute care, the actual system of family substitute care in the Czech Republic, the institute of foster care on a temporary basis, amendment to the Law on social and legal protection of children, acceptance and adaptation of a child in the alternative family environment, roles and competences of a social worker of social and legal protection of children in realization of foster care for a temporary basis. As a method for this thesis was used a qualitative one, the data were obtained by semi - structured interview. At the end of the thesis, the results of the survey are evaluated and presented.

The thesis briefly describes basic terms, international acts and legislation which relate to the social and legal protection of children. In greater detail, it goes over the individual components of Czech and Finnish systems of social and legal protection of children. Afterwards, both systems and its positives and negatives are compared and the main advantages of Finnish system which could be beneficial four the Czech system are described. To achieve the goals, the information from the literature are used together with the survey in which participated social workers from the Czech Republic and Finland.

Die Arbeit befasst sich zunächst mit allgemeinen Ausführungen zum vorläufigen Rechtsschutz nach § 123 VwGO sowie im Anschluss daran mit der Problematik des Entscheidungsinhalts. Im besonderen Teil der Arbeit werden vier aktuelle staatliche Informationspraktiken auf ihre Verfassungs- und Rechtmäßigkeit hin untersucht. Hierzu werden allgemeine, aber umfassende Ausführungen zur staatlichen Informationspolitik der Untersuchung vorangestellt. Anschließend erfolgt eine schwerpunktmäßige Auseinandersetzung mit dem spezifisch presserechtlichen Auskunftsanspruch, um abschließend die Ausgleichsmöglichkeiten bei Interessenkonflikten zu konzipieren.

This short dissertation is an appraisal of same-sex marriages. The traditional arguments against same-sex unions are examined and rejected as being circular, unconvincing and baseless. Some of the international developments on the subject of same-sex unions are examined and it is noted that a slow but distinct change in attitude towards same-sex marriages is beginning to emerge from international judiciaries. The legal position of people with same-sex orientation in the South African legal system is examined with special reference to our Constitution. It is submitted that our Constitution is the foremost vehicle for legal change in this regard and that the equality clause of our Constitution is authority for the recognition by the law of same-sex marriages. This dissertation concludes that same-sex marriages ought to be fully accepted and recognised by the law for reasons, inter alia, of fairness and equality for people of same-sex orientation. / Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law / LL. M.