Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alberto Carmello Junior.pdf: 1735734 bytes, checksum: dcc78b00ada28205d600ed5a1db600dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-13 / The purpose of this study is establish the relationship between participative democracy and childhood legal protection in Brazil. To achieve this goal it was needed to overlook how civil participation and public policies are brought into brazilian legal system. Once civil participation on building public policies can only be developed in the rule of the State of Law, it was firstly studied the State of Law as an historical phenomenon that combines liberal and social political approaches. Also, it was studied how the democratic ideal joins the liberal and the social views in Brazilian 1.988 Constitution. This legal document the most important one in Brazil brings some ways in which civil participation can be made directly by the people, as far as political decisions are concerned. Brazilian 1.988 Constitution also brings a new approach on childhood legal protection. In order to understand this new approach, known as integral protection doctrine , it was analyzed the most important international legal documents concerning childhood legal protection and how the main ideas of these documents were accepted by 1.988 Constitution and brazilian federal law nº 8.069/90. That allowed the conclusion that brazilian legal system is opened to civil participation on granting childhood rights. Some examples of civil participation on granting child health, education and others were given As far as childhood legal protection is concerned, Brazilian 1.988 Constitution also imposes that public policies should be built by society and government. Since brazilian federal 8.069/90 law should be understood as a specification of rights brought in 1.988 Brazilian Constitution, it was reached the conclusion that civil participation on granting childhood rights can be accomplished by joining the tutelar counsel and the rights counsels . Finally, it was analyzed the most important issues related to these counsels / O objetivo do presente trabalho é estabelecer a relação existente entre a democracia participativa e a proteção legal de crianças e adolescentes. Para atingir este objetivo, foi necessário verificar como a participação popular e as políticas públicas se inserem no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Como a participação popular na formulação de políticas públicas só pode se efetivar nos quadros do Estado de Direito, foi primeiramente estudado a sua evolução e historicidade, ao agregar características liberais e sociais. Foi também estudado como o ideal democrático se agrega ao traço liberal e social na Constituição Federal de 1988. A Constituição de 1988 trouxe alguns meios de o povo diretamente participar de decisões políticas fundamentais. Ainda, a Carta Política trouxe um novo paradigma legal no que diz respeito aos direitos de crianças e de adolescentes. Para compreender este paradigma o paradigma da proteção integral foram analisados os mais importantes documentos legais internacionais relacionados à proteção de crianças e adolescentes e como os postulados fundamentais desses documentos foram acolhidos pela atual Constituição e pela Lei nº 8.069/90. A partir desta análise, foi possível chegar à conclusão de que o sistema legal de proteção de crianças e adolescentes é aberto à participação civil na efetivação de direitos de crianças e adolescentes. Foram oferecidos exemplos de participação civil na efetivação de direitos diversos, dentre os quais saúde e educação. Ainda, a Constituição Federal de 1988 estabeleceu, como imposição, que políticas públicas voltadas para crianças e adolescentes sejam deliberadas em conjunto pelo poder público e pela sociedade civil. A Lei nº 8.069/90, ao regulamentar o mandamento constitucional, dispôs que a participação da sociedade pode se efetivar por meio do conselho tutelar e conselho dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes, cujas características principais foram abordadas

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-08-21T17:53:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo de Farias Julião.pdf: 2312669 bytes, checksum: cbb55dd1bc3b181dd07ac7d4d1da85ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T17:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo de Farias Julião.pdf: 2312669 bytes, checksum: cbb55dd1bc3b181dd07ac7d4d1da85ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-03 / A presente tese tem como objeto de estudo o amparo legal da saúde do trabalhador offshore, através da análise interdisciplinar do Anexo II da Norma Regulamentadora n°30; de Convenções Internacionais da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e do Sistema da Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001:2007. O estudo aborda os tipos de plataformas, como se estrutura o trabalho offshore na Bacia de Campos (RJ); os principais acidentes no passado e como se encontram, atualmente, as condições de trabalho e segurança nas plataformas e os problemas físicos, emocionais e profissionais do trabalhador das plataformas. A tese também apresenta a atuação da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis na prevenção de acidentes. Apesar de existirem normas nacionais e convenções internacionais, direta ou indiretamente, para garantir a segurança quanto ao ambiente de trabalho nas plataformas, elas não são efetivamente aplicadas pelas empresas offshores, o que se torna também um fator passível de comprometer a saúde do trabalhador e necessitar de normatização efetiva. / The purpose of this thesis is to study the legal protection of the health of offshore workers through the interdisciplinary analysis of Annex II of Regulatory Norm 30; International Conventions of the International Labor Organization and the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001: 2007. The study addresses the types of platforms, how to structure the offshore work in the Campos Basin (RJ); the main accidents in the past and how are currently working conditions and safety platforms and the physical, emotional and professional problems of the workers of the platforms. The thesis also presents the performance of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels in the prevention of accidents. Although there are national norms and international conventions, either directly or indirectly, to ensure safety in the work environment on the platforms, they are not effectively enforced by offshore companies, which is also a factor that could compromise workers' health and necessitate of effective standardization.

Mestrado em Direito / Law / O principal objectivo desta dissertação é analisar o panorama legislativo actual, no seio da Europa e, com especial incidência na União Europeia, relativo à protecção jurídica dos programas de computador, bem como os tipos de regime que foram sendo adoptados, nomeadamente, pelos países europeus, desde o surgimento do programa de computador. Os programas de computador são obras funcionais e aparentam ser obras literárias, pois apresentam-se numa expressão linguística. Contudo, têm uma espinha dorsal de natureza maquinal : são o suporte lógico, o cérebro dos computadores 1. A dissertação centra-se na protecção dos programas de computador pelos Direitos de Autor e pelo Direito de Patentes, os dois meios de protecção reconhecidos como mais adequados pela maioria da doutrina, com manifesta expressão na legislação. Analisa-se, também, de forma breve, o panorama legislativo referente à protecção conferida aos programas de computador, a nível nacional, assim como a evolução nos Estados Unidos da América. Mediante a análise de um Caso de estudo, reconhece-se a importância da previsão legal da protecção das invenções implementadas por computador, bem como a possibilidade de concessão de uma patente única, no sentido de garantir às empresas europeias oportunidades de negócio e uma protecção eficaz das suas invenções / The main goal of this dissertation is to analyze the current legal scenery, within Europe and, with particular focus on European Union, concerning the legal protection of computer programs, as well as the types of arrangements that have been adopted, particularly by European countries, since the advent of the computer program. Computer programs are functional works and appear to be literary works, because they present themselves in a linguistic expression. However, they have a backbone of 'mechanical' nature: they are the logical foundation, they are computer s brains 2. The dissertation focuses on the protection of computer programs by Copyright and the Patents law, the two means of protection recognized as the most appropriate for the majority of the doctrine, with a clear expression in the legislation. We also briefly analyzed the regulatory scenery concerning the protection afforded to computer programs, on a national level as well as developments in the United States of America. Through analysis of a case study, the importance of the legal provision of computer-related inventions protection is recognized, as well as the possibility of granting a single patent to ensure business opportunities for European companies and effective protection for their inventions.

<p>This study will refer specifically to the reasons why SMEs are not willing to use e-payment as their first-choice method: the reasons hampering e-payment adoption.</p>

Darbe detaliai apžvelgiamos intelektinės nuosavybės techninės apsaugos formos, įvairios jų klasifikacijos, iš kurių šiame kontekste svarbiausias yra skirstymas į aktyvias ir pasyvias techninės apsaugos priemones. Darbe išsamiai analizuoti apsaugos mechanizmai, skirti intelektinę nuosavybę saugančių techninių apsaugos priemonių teisinei apsaugai, pradedant 1996 m. PINO autorių teisių, fonogramų gamintojų ir transliuotojų sutartimis, 2001 m. ES direktyva dėl autorių teisių ir gretutinių teisių informacinėje visuomenėje tam tikrų aspektų suderinimo, baigiant įvairių valstybių (įskaitant ir Lietuvos) nacionaliniu teisiniu reguliavimu. Atliktos teisinės informacijos analizės pagrindu atskleidžiamos intelektinės nuosavybės teisinių ir techninių apsaugos priemonių suderintos ir nesuderintos sritys ir daroma išvada, jog teisinės apsaugos mechanizmas, pasirinktas sureguliuoti techninių apsaugos priemonių naudojimą ir kitus susijusius veiksmus, buvo netikslus ir nepasiteisino, kadangi daugelis valstybių nacionaliniu lygiu skirtingai ir neatsižvelgiant į pirminius tikslus interpretavo ir įgyvendino techninių apsaugos priemonių teisinės apsaugos nuostatas. Praktinis situacijos tyrimas atskleidžia neigiamą visuomenės ir teisių gynimo institucijų požiūrį į pasirinktą teisinės apsaugos modelį ir į techninių apsaugos priemonių naudojimą apskritai, kadangi techninės apsaugos priemonės sukelia daug problemų teisėtiems intelektinės nuosavybės objektų naudotojams ir nedaro poveikio asmenims... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master Paperwork thoroughly overviews technical protection measures of intellectual property and various classifications of them and determines the main differentiation in this work context – i.e. classification to active and passive technical protection measures. This paperwork also deeply analyses legal protection mechanisms of technical protection measures, starting WIPO Copyright, Phonogram producers and broadcasters treaties of year 1996, continuing to European Union directive on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society of year 2001 and finishing the analysis of the national legal regulations of different world countries, including Lithuania. Under the basis of the analysis of the legal information, the author reveals harmonized and incompatible areas between legal protection of intellectual property and technological protection measures and concludes that the legal protection mechanism, which was chosen to regulate the usage and other related actions of technological protection measures, was not correct and did not serve the purpose, because many countries diversely and without seeking primary goals of WIPO treaties interpreted and implemented the provisions of the legal protection of technological protection measures. The practical survey of the situation reveals negative opinion of society, scholars and justice institutions concerning the chosen legal protection model and concerning the usage of technological... [to full text]

<p>This study will refer specifically to the reasons why SMEs are not willing to use e-payment as their first-choice method: the reasons hampering e-payment adoption.</p>

The topic of my thesis is importace of foster care in the social-legal protection of children. The thesis deals with the issues of foster care, professional foster care and also of the transformation of care for children in need. The aim is to describe changes in the foster care that brought the amendment of the Law on the social-legal protection of child and adoption of the new Civil Code. Another aim is to determine the effect of strengthening the professional foster care to the number of children placed in institutional care. In the beginning of the thesis is defined the concept of family, social-legal protection of children, alternative family care and its forms like foster care, professional foster care and adoption. Another part of thesis deals with amendment to the Law on social and legal protection of children and the new Civil Code. In this part I describe the most important changes that the Law on the social-legal protection of children brought and I also describe changes that brought an amendment to the civil code. The adoption of the amendment to the social-legal protection brings a number of changes in the activities of the social-legal protection of children and the exercise of social-legal protection of children in general. The last chapter deals with the statistic of foster care. This part compares the number of children in professional foster care and institutional care.

The Czech Republic as a signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child has vested the practice of state administration in the field of care for minor children to municipalities with extended powers, where the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minor children is safeguarded by state authorities of social and legal protection of children (ASLPC hereinafter). These authorities are incorporated to the extent laid down by the Act on Social and Legal Protection of Children (Act No 359/1999 Coll., as amended). The position and roles of ASLPC and their competence and jurisdiction are also regulated by the same act. The position of workers of these authorities and its legal embodiment is equally important. Regarding professionality, there are high demands on these workers. In the Czech Republic, significant changes in legislature have been made over the past three years. These amendments have led to the strengthening of the rights of minor children and to the establishing of new tools for their protection. In connection with the adoption of new substantive regulation of family law, which is now exhaustively dealt with by the Act No 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, new procedural rules have been established regarding protection of rights of minor children. Such procedural legislation includes (apart from the long-existent Act No. 99/1963, the Code of Civil Procedure) the Act No 292/2013 Coll., on Special Civil Proceedings. The decision-making regarding minor children has been vested mainly by the state into the competence of courts. The courts appoint the locally relevant ASLPC as a guardian who then represents the interests of minor children. The purpose, interwoven with and derived from the first one, was to explore the opinions of selected social workers of ASLPC and of district court judges regarding the defined problems occurring during the work of ASLPCs and courts while protecting the interests of minor children. These particularly include: the use of the tool of precautionary measure; problems of different territorial jurisdiction of courts and ASLPCs; processing of complaints regarding bias in various phases of the proceedings; professional training of workers of ASLPC It is evident from the proposals of both judges and ASLPC workers that it is necessary to unify territorial jurisdiction. The courts are suggesting the priority criterion of the address where the child mainly resides. ASLPC workers suggest the official permanent residence as the prime criterion. Bias causes problems in all phases of proceedings. It is obvious that courts take differing approaches towards the solution of this problem (some courts solve the problem of bias complaints filed by the parties while other courts do not) and for ASLPC workers it is difficult to assess how to act when such complaint is raised against them. The training of ASLPC workers - workers are obliged to educate themselves and their employer is obliged to finance such training. Not all ASLPCs are able to provide training in the required extent - due to financial reasons (the average costs of education of one employee pose from 9,169 to 13,400 CZK annually and they cover approximately 6 days of training). The heavy work-load caused by insufficient numbers of ASLPC employees prevents them from completing such compulsory training. As part of the examination of the "participation of a collision guardian in court proceedings" it has been found out that irregular participation of the worker in the proceedings (absence from participation in appeals proceedings); incomplete reports (directed to courts) from surveys in families. Based on comprehensive examination of the problems of territorial jurisdiction, it was recommended that requests are independently recorded and financial compensation is provided for ASLPCs who are requested to represent minors in front of courts, to draft proposals for precautionary measures.

Uganda is known for its progressive refugee rights and policy framework towards South Sudanese refugees. The refugees are hosted in long term refugee settlements within host communities in northern Uganda. By using a rights and critical development perspective, this thesis aims to compare and critically review the legal protection of refugees and host communities’ the targeted area. The study identifies several challenges in realizing the aims of the strategic framework and discusses the legal protection of refugees and citizens. The discussion is based on theories from Hannah Arendt, Seyla Benhabib and Balakrishnan Rajagopal. The theories provide rights perspectives on citizenship and global human rights norms, as well as critical perspectives on development and how the human rights discourse can be exploited to the interests of the hegemonic world order. The study is based on a critical review of legislation, the policy framework, reports, and literature. The review has been supplemented with a limited field study in a refugee settlement in northern Uganda. Along with the field study, interviews were conducted with representatives from an aid organization that operates in the area. The results of this study show that refugees’ rights are generous and in line with global human rights norms. However, the review of the legal protection shows that all rights are not respected and the thesis highlight areas where duty bearers fail to maintain the protection. Interviews and field studies also show that integration between refugees and citizens is essential for the local legal protection. The thesis concludes that lack of local perspectives from rights holders in the refugee policy may prevent integration processes in northern Uganda. / Uganda är känt för sitt generösa flyktingmottagande och omfattande rättighetsskydd för flyktingar. Den här studien syftar till att med ett rättighets- och utvecklingskritiskt perspektiv jämföra och kritiskt granska flyktingars och ugandiska medborgares rättighetsskydd i norra Uganda. För att göra det ställs frågan om hur rättighetsskyddet ser ut för flyktingar respektive medborgare, hur flyktingmottagandet påverkar medborgares rättighetsskydd samt identifierar utmaningar med flyktingmottagandet. Studien är avgränsad till att undersöka rättighetsskyddet i norra Uganda eftersom det är dessa områden som tar emot flest flyktingar i landet. Detta görs utifrån Hannah Arendt, Seyla Benhabib och Balakrishnan Rajagopals teoretiska resonemang. Dessa bidrar med rättighetsperspektiv om medborgarskap och globala människorättsnormer samt kritiska perspektiv på utveckling och hur människorättsdiskursen kan utnyttjas till den hegemoniska världsordningens intressen. Studien bygger på kritisk granskning av lagstiftning, policyn för flyktingmottagande (ReHoPE) samt rapporter och litteratur. Granskningen har kompletterats med ett begränsat fältstudium i en av norra Ugandas flyktingbosättningar samt med intervjuer från personal som arbetar med flyktingmottagande. Resultaten visar att Ugandas flyktinglagstiftning är generöst utformad och i linje med globala människorättsnormer. Granskningen av det effektiva rättighetsskyddet visar dock att samtliga rättigheter inte respekteras och jag belyser områden där skyldighetsbärare misslyckas att upprätthålla skyddet. Intervjuer och fältstudium visar att integration mellan flyktingar och medborgare är viktigt för båda grupperna och för rättighetsskyddet, men att den hindras av att riktlinjerna i flyktingpolicyn saknar lokala perspektiv från rättighetsbärare.

This short dissertation is an appraisal of same-sex marriages. The traditional arguments against same-sex unions are examined and rejected as being circular, unconvincing and baseless. Some of the international developments on the subject of same-sex unions are examined and it is noted that a slow but distinct change in attitude towards same-sex marriages is beginning to emerge from international judiciaries. The legal position of people with same-sex orientation in the South African legal system is examined with special reference to our Constitution. It is submitted that our Constitution is the foremost vehicle for legal change in this regard and that the equality clause of our Constitution is authority for the recognition by the law of same-sex marriages. This dissertation concludes that same-sex marriages ought to be fully accepted and recognised by the law for reasons, inter alia, of fairness and equality for people of same-sex orientation. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL. M.