Orientador: Sergio Tadeu Martins Marba / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T00:24:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moura_MonicaBarthelsonCarvalhode_M.pdf: 1974404 bytes, checksum: f66d3899041444039f1356215d0843ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a tendência secular de permanência hospitalar de recém-nascidos sadios e = 2.500 gramas em uma maternidade de grande porte em Campinas (Hospital Maternidade de Campinas) e sua modificação com algumas variáveis maternas e do recém-nascido. Foi um estudo descritivo, analítico, retrospectivo, realizado através de dados dos prontuários de pacientes nascidos vivos entre os anos de 1951 a 2000, com uma amostra de 5001 recém-nascidos, selecionada através de sorteio, dentre a população total incluindo todos os anos do período de estudo. A variável dependente foi o tempo de permanência hospitalar e as independentes foram peso de nascimento, idade materna, tipo de parto e categorias de internação. Para analisar a tendência secular do tempo de permanência hospitalar em função do ano de nascimento, bem como sua associação com as variáveis independentes, foi utilizado análise de regressão linear com estimação pelo método dos quadrados mínimos. O nível de significância adotados para os testes estatísticos foi de 5%. A média de tempo de permanência hospitalar do binômio mãe-filho na maternidade em 1951 foi de 123 horas e em 1970, já havia diminuído para 55, 8 horas. O tempo de permanência Hospitalar não variou com o peso de nascimento, a idade materna e a categoria de internação, variando apenas com o tipo de parto. Concluiu-se que houve um decréscimo vertiginoso no tempo de permanência hospitalar no período de 1951 a 1970 independente do peso de nascimento, da idade materna e das categorias de internação, variando apenas com o tipo de parto, as cesáreas apresentaram queda mais significativa do tempo de internação, destes recém- nascido / Abstract: The objective of this research was to become known the secular tendency of lenght of perinatal hospital stay in healthy newborns, with birth weight more than 2.500g in a big hospital of Campinas (Hospital Maternidade de Campinas). It was a descriptive, analitic and retrospective study, analyzing prontuary datas of pacients that have been borned from 1951 to 2000. They have been choosen by picking them up from the total population during all years. The dependent variable has been the lenght of stay and the independents have been birth weight, maternal age, kind of delivery and economic categories. To analyse the secular tendency of length of stay for each year and associate it with the independent variables, it has been used linear regression analysis. The significance level was 5%. The middle time of length of stay for mother and newborn, in 1951, was 123 hours and in 1970, was 55,8 hours.The variables: birth weight, maternal age and economic categories haven't change hospitalar permanency, only kind of delivery has interwied in this process. Conclusion: the length of stay has decreased significantly between 1951 to 2000. Birth weight, maternal age and economic categories haven't interviewed in this process. Only the kind of delivery, the cesareans have been decreased significantly during 1951 to 2000 / Mestrado / Pediatria / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between respiratory status and feeding difficulties in infants with NAS in comparison to full-term infants with no exposure to opioids. Methods: A group of infants with NAS (262) were compared to a group of full-term infants with no exposure to opioids (279). These groups were further divided into feeding and respiratory groups based on severity. These groups were analyzed for differences in behavior and outcomes. Results: Infants with NAS are 34.23 times more likely to develop respiratory distress and 111.03 times more likely to develop severe feeding difficulty. For infants with NAS, respiratory and feeding impairment may occur in isolation, suggesting a different withdrawal-based etiology of impairment as compared to premature infants. Conclusion: This study is unique in its size, scope, and attention to the respiratory factors involved in the feeding outcomes of infants with NAS.

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In recent years, concern about the rising costs of health care has prompted the development of programs aimed at reducing utilization of hospital services and facilities while maintaining an acceptable standard of care. One of the major strategies that has emerged in the effort to accomplish these dual objectives, is utilization management. Although there are a number of different approaches, the primary aim of all utilization management programs is to identify and eliminate unnecessary and inappropriate hospital use. To date, most of the utilization research and program development has taken place in the United States. To a great extent, this effort has focussed on the development and use of norms for utilization based on a breakdown of length of stay data by diagnostic-related groups (DRG's). Canadian interest in this type of approach is reflected in the recent development of data bases defined by case-mix groups (CMG's). However, while continued efforts are being made to refine these schemes, they have been vulnerable to the criticism that they do not provide adequately objective criteria for establishing what constitutes appropriate patterns of hospital use. In addition, because they are based on statistically derived norms, they have been criticized as lacking sufficient clinical relevance to encourage physician support. Since hospital utilization is largely determined by the medical staff, utilization management programs that fail to obtain physician support are unlikely to succeed. An alternative approach, which appears to be gaining in popularity, involves the formulation of criteria which can be used to determine what constitutes appropriate and necessary hospital use. Essentially, it is argued that by directly identifying the source and nature of misutilization, it should be possible to develop more effective strategies for the resolution of identified problems. The American Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol designed by Gertman & Restuccia (1981) is one of the earliest and most highly tested examples of a criterion-based system. In Canada, interest in this type of approach is more recent and, consequently, little attention has as yet been focussed on the development and use of clinical criteria in utilization review and management. One exception, however, is the SWITCH Index System. This system, which was developed and implemented in 1984 by the Peace Arch District Hospital (White Rock, B.C.), makes a direct attempt to identify and eliminate days of hospital stay during which no appropriate acute care services are being provided. The criteria used in this system are classified under the headings Signs, Wind, Intramuscular Therapy, Tubes, Consultant, and Hospice. Patients are considered to be appropriately placed in the hospital if, on any given day, at least one of the specified criteria are met. Otherwise they are classified as Off-Index and action is taken to identify the source of the problem and to initiate corrective action. Since a major objective of the SWITCH system is to identify and eliminate inappropriate use, an observable outcome, if the program is successful, should be a reduction in length of stay. The present study investigated this hypothesis by comparing pre- and post- intervention length of stay trends at the Peace Arch District Hospital. In addition, to take into account any general secular trends in length of stay over time, the Peace Arch length of stay was compared to the length of stay observed for a control group of three peer-group member hospitals. Although data covering the four year period 1982 to 1985, indicated that the length of stay at the Peace Arch District Hospital had been decreasing over time, no component of this general decline could be attributed to the SWITCH Index System. Time series regression analyses failed to detect changes in either the slope or the height of the estimated response curve. However, limitations in the study design do not permit any conclusions regarding the potential effectiveness of this system. Characteristics specific to the Peace Arch District Hospital may have prevented the detection of an effect. In addition, because it is likely that there would be a lag between when the program was implemented and when it might be expected to effect a reduction in length of stay, the follow-up period of eleven months may have been too short for the determination of the program's effectiveness. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

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Background: Health information exchange technologies are currently being implemented in many practice settings with the promise to improve quality, efficiency, and costs of care. The benefits are likely highest in settings where entry into the healthcare system is gained; however, in no setting is the need for timely, accurate, and pertinent information more critical than in the emergency department (ED). This study evaluated the use of a payer-based electronic health record (EHR) in an ED on quality, efficiency, and costs of care among a commercially insured population.Methods: Data came from a large health plan and the ED of a large urban ED. Visits with the use of a payer-based EHR were identified from claims between 9/1/05 and 2/17/06. A historical comparison sample of visits was identified from 11/1/04 to 3/31/05. Outcomes included return visits, ED duration, use of laboratory and diagnostic imaging, total costs during and in the four weeks after, and prescription drug utilization.Results: A total of 2,288 ED visits were analyzed (779 EHR visits and 1,509 comparison visits). Discharged visits were associated with an 18 minute shorter duration (95% CI: 5-33); whereas, the EHR among admitted visits was associated with a 77 minute reduction (95% CI: 28-126). The EHR was also associated with $1,560 (95% CI: $43-$2,910) savings in total plan paid for the visit among admitted visits. No significant differences were observed on return visits, laboratory or diagnostic imaging services and total costs over the four week follow-up. Exploratory analyses suggested that the EHR may be associated with a reduction in the number of prescription drugs used among chronic medication users.Conclusion: The EHR studied was associated with a significant reduction in ED duration. Technologies that can reduce ED lengths of stay can have a substantial impact on the care provided to patients and their satisfaction. The data suggests that the EHR may be associated with lower health plan paid amounts among admitted visits and a reduction in the number of pharmacy claims after the visit among chronic users of prescription drugs. Additional research should be conducted to confirm these findings.

Depuis 30 ans a été mise en place, dans la plupart des pays européens, une politique de réduction des durées d'hospitalisation. Beaucoup d'études ont été conduites sur les conséquences de ce raccourcissement des durées d'hospitalisation mais par contre peu se sont intéressées aux caractéristiques cliniques et sociodémographiques des patients à l'admission qui pourraient influer sur ces durées. Une meilleure connaissance de ces facteurs permettrait d'adapter ces durées aux besoins spécifiques des patients et ainsi réduire les conséquences négative s de sorties prématurées. De plus, cela pourrait permettre une meilleure planification de la disponibilité en lit. L'objectif de notre étude est de mettre en évidence les déterminants cliniques et sociaux des durées d'hospitalisation et les conséquences de celles ci sur l'organisation des soins grâce à une étude prospective portant sur 121 patients hospitalisés pour un premier épisode psychotiques. A l'admission il n'est retrouvé aucun facteur prédictif des durées d'hospitalisation. Par contre la réponse au traitement et la symptomatologie à la sortie de l'hospitalisation sont significativement associés aux durées d'hospitalisation. Mais le facteur le plus prédictif est la préférence du psychiatre traitant pour une durée courte ou longue d'hospitalisation. Lors du suivi les courtes hospitalisations n'ont pas été compensées par plus de suivi par les services extra-hospitaliers de psychiatrie ou par les médecins généralistes. Ces résultats suggèrent la nécessité de développer des soins plus rationnels et standardisés pour la prise en charge des premiers épisodes psychotiques pour améliorer notamment le suivi post hospitalisation. / Since the middle of last century, there has been a transition in almost all western countries towards a policy of reduced periods of hospitalization. Although many studies have been carried out on the consequences of short versus long length of stay (LOS), less is known about the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients on admission, which could influence LOS. A better knowledge of these factors could help adapt LOS to patients' specific needs and perhaps reduce the negative consequences of early discharge. Furthermore, predicting LOS could be helpful for planning bed availability. First-episode psychosis is a key moment to study with the importance of cares on prognosis. The aim of our study is to evaluate clinical and social determinants of LOS at admission and discharge in relation to 121 hospitalisations for first episode psychosis using standardized assessment measures and their consequences on care organisation. None of the clinical factors at admission were significant predictors of longer hospital stay. However, response to treatment and symptomatology at discharge were significantly associated with longer LOS as was the head psychiatrist's general preference for long or short hospitalisation. Furthermore our findings, during the one-year follow up, suggest that a shortening of hospital stay for first episode psychotic patients has not been compensated by an increased role of the general practitioner (GP) in providing post-discharge care or by psychiatric community care. This suggests a need for greater evidence-based rationalization of practice for the care of first psychosis episode with more interactions between hospital and community care