A diferença suscita curiosidade, para dizer o mínimo. Desde a formalização do conhecimento universitário, a sistematização da investigação do humano veio acompanhada de um pertinente inconveniente: trata-se da alteridade entre homens, entre homens e mulheres, entre adultos e crianças, entre civilizados e primitivos, entre os homens e os animais. O endereçamento dessa diferença se deu por diversos ângulos. Escolheu-se ignorá-la, achatá-la, excluí-la e até mesmo demonizá-la. O presente estudo se endereça a esse tema e se dispõe a investigar como antropologia e psicanálise lidaram com o estudo da alteridade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de comparar o movimento psicanalítico e antropológico no seu uso do ontológico como operador para manejar a questão da investigação da alteridade no fazer etnográfico. A justificativa se deu pela ideia, cunhada por George Devereux, de que antropologia e psicanálise, por sua não-redutibilidade uma a outra, aparelham a etnopsicanálise de maneira complementar. Entretando, à diferença da proposta de Devereux, esse texto se guia não pelo desígnio de esquarinhamento de uma cientificidade para o método etnopsicanalítico. Tratou-se, antes, de mostrar como as duas disciplinas manejam a alteridade sem recair no problema do realismo naturalista e da crise da representação dos pós-modernos. Para tanto, escolhemos como recorte o par ontologia-alteridade, que tem aparecido com frequência no contexto acadêmico psicanalítico e antropológico. O método escolhido foi o da leitura psicanalítica. Os resultados são compostos pela análise de quatro etnografias da virada ontológica. Do lado psicanalítico os conceitos de Lacan sobre escuta psicanalítica e o ser sujeito foram analisados. Na discussão mostramos a relação tímida, porém importante, que pode ser traçada entre os métodos etnográficos e o método de escuta psicanalítica. / Difference arouses at least curiosity. Since the formalization of knowledge, the systematization of the investigation of man was followed by a pertinent inconvenient: otherness between men; men and women; adults and children; civilized people and primitives; men and animals. This issue was addressed by different angles. Otherness was ignored, flattened, excluded and even demonized. The present studys objective is to compare the psychoanalytical and anthropological movements usage of the ontological as a tool to deal with the investigation of otherness in the context of the ethnographic method. The justification was found in Deveureuxs work. In his etnpsychoanalysis, the author proposes a non-reducibility of one field of knowledge to the other. They are complementary. Nonetheless we do not seek an ideal of scientificity, as Deveureux did, for etnpsychoanalysis method. We seek to show how both disciplines deal, in different ways, with alterity without reducing it to natural realism or representation. The angle we chose revolves around the pair alterity-ontology. The results are composed by the analysis of four ethnographies of the ontological turn. In the side of psychoanalysis, we chose to analyze the lacanian notion of subject and listening. In the discussion we show that there are possibilities of relation between the psychoanalitycal listening and entographic method.

A comunicação, tão fundamental para a constituição do sujeito, é marcada pela linguagem que nos insere no simbólico. Distanciando-nos do conceito positivista de comunicação e aproximando-nos da Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa pecheuxtiana, aceitamos a opacidade e incompletude da linguagem, que pode ser analisada e percebida pela escuta aqui denominada significativa. Uma escuta que permita um diálogo dentro de nós mesmos com as muitas falas que nos constituíram e nos constituem. A instituição escolar é um lugar que propicia interações e inserção social, assim, o estudo visa a analisar e refletir como a escuta é concebida e realizada no contexto educacional, pois, nesse ambiente, em geral prevalece o discurso autoritário cujo funcionamento impede a reversibilidade (dinâmica da interlocução). Os procedimentos metodológicos desta pesquisa contaram com a revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo com observações em sala de aula e entrevistas semiestruturadas com educadoras de duas escolas públicas no interior do estado de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e depois transcritas. O corpus, recortes de dados determinados pelas condições de produção, foi constituído e analisado com base nos dispositivos teóricos da Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa pecheuxtiana e algumas contribuições da Psicanálise e das Ciências da Educação. As análises indicam que o sujeito-educador filiado ao discurso autoritário mascara a escuta significativa reduzindo-a ao silêncio do educando durante as explicações ou à participação deles quanto ao conteúdo explicado pelo educador; há tentativas de rompimento e deslizamentos de posições que possibilitam a dinâmica da interlocução, no entanto, não são legitimadas pela instituição escolar que, por sua vez, escamoteia a subjetividade docente. Romper com a predominância do discurso autoritário no contexto educacional é um desafio, mas que acreditamos ser possível com a construção de espaços discursivos que oportunizem aos sujeitos-educadores uma experiência de encontro, de diálogo e de desejo. / Communication, important as it is for the constitution of the subject, brings the mark of language, which encases us into the symbolic order. As diverging from positivist concepts of communication, and approaching French discourse analysis, we accept the opacity and incompleteness of language. Language may, therefore, be analyzed and perceived by what we understand as meaningful listening, allowing internal, dialogues with oneself with the many says, which constituted us in the past and the present. The school environment offers interaction and social insertion. This study aims to analyze how the skill of listening is conceived and carried out within the school environment, in which usually authoritarian discourse prevents reversibility (dynamics of communication). The methodology applied in this work relied on literature review, field observation in classrooms and semi-structured interviews with education professionals from two public schools in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The corpus, selected cut-outs determined by the production conditions, was assembled and analyzed based on the French theory of discourse analysis, by Michel Pêcheux, on some contributions psychoanalysis, and on sciences of education. The analysis indicates that the subject-educator within the authoritarian discourse disguises the meaningful listening, reducing it to the learners silence or limited participation during the explanation. There are attempts of rupture and displacements of roles, which would allow communication dynamics. Those attempts, however, are not supported by the school instances, which in turn glosses over teachers subjectivity. Fighting against the predominance of authoritarian discourse in the school environment is a challenge that we believe can be faced. Discursive spaces must be created to offer the subject-educators experience of encounter, dialogue and desire.

This paper aims to study the effect of visual aid in listening comprehension tests for Swedish secondary school pupil. The study also looks at the effects visual aid has for pupils who have difficulty concentrating and lastly to study the effect that previous knowledge has on the pupils’ performance. The study was carried out on 45 economy pupils who study engelska 6, the second English course in secondary school. They performed two tests; one listening comprehension test without visual aid and another listening comprehension test with visual aid. The results indicated that a slight majority of pupils performed better with the test with visual aid but that the difference was scattered, with some pupils having lower results on the test with visual aid. The participants with difficulties concentrating were too few in number to draw any definitive conclusions, but as a group they performed better when they had the visual aid.

No description available.

O sistema dos Viewpoints é o ponto de partida para uma investigação teórico-prática que transita por entre a bibliografia desenvolvida por Anne Bogart e a experiência prática em sala de ensaio. O objetivo principal é apontar algumas pistas para o trabalho do ator a partir de três recortes: o mapeamento inicial do sistema, a descrição das práticas realizadas em sala de ensaio e, ainda, a exploração do conceito de escuta-ação enquanto estratégia metodológica para a criação atoral. Os Viewpoints são compreendidos como um dispositivo a ser difundido, e a metodologia procurou friccionar o procedimento em questão com alguns dos temas presentes na cena contemporânea, como a performatividade e o desempenho espetacular. A análise do papel determinante da escuta-ação, na hipótese original da pesquisa, afirma ser a dramaturgia do ator o espaço da experiência, uma atividade permanentemente provisória, propositadamente lacunar e, em suma, ensaística, vista aqui a partir da perspectiva de Jorge Bondía. / The Viewpoints System is the starting point for a theoretical-practical investigation that includes the bibliography developed by Anne Bogart and the practical experience in rehearsals. The main objective of this study is to indicate some signs to the actor\'s work through three approaches: the initial mapping of the system, the description of practices applied in rehearsals, and the exploration of the listeningaction (escuta-ação) concept as a methodological strategy for acting creation. The Viewpoints are understood as a device yet to be disseminated, and the methodology has sought to relate this procedure with some subjects present in the contemporary scene, such as performativity and perfomative performance. The analysis of listenact\'s determinant role, according to the original hypothesis of this research, sustains that the dramaturgy of the actor is the experiencing space, a permanent provisional activity, purposely empty, and essentially essayistic, viewed here from Jorge Bondía\'s perspective.

In Experiment I, I tested for the demonstration of Naming after presentation of Naming experiences that included an additional sensory experience (i.e., auditory non-speech stimulus) not presented during previous Naming studies. Probes were then conducted to test for the 4 dependent variables: 1) presence of listener half of Naming to visual stimuli, 2) the presence of the speaker half of Naming to visual stimuli, 3) the presence of the listener half of Naming to auditory non-speech stimuli, and 4) the presence of the speaker half of Naming to auditory non-speech stimuli. Following the first round of probes, all 6 participants demonstrated the listener half of Naming for visual stimuli, indicating that visual stimuli functioned as conditioned reinforcement for observing. In addition, following 3-4 probe sessions with the same set of stimuli, all participants emitted criterion-level responses for each of the four dependent variables. In Experiment II, using a multiple probe design across participants with participants who demonstrated conditioned reinforcement for observing visual stimuli, I tested whether repeated probes with sets of stimuli as an intervention would function to establish conditioned reinforcement for spoken and non-spoken auditory stimuli. In addition, I conducted two sets of probes during each pre and post- intervention probe session, one using a non-contrived stimuli set and another using a contrived stimuli set, to test whether there is a difference in the demonstration of Naming when assessed with non-contrived versus contrived stimuli. Results indicated overall increases in correct untaught listener and speaker responses during post-intervention probe sessions to novel sets of both contrived and non-contrived visual and auditory non-speech stimuli across all participants. In Experiment III, using a multiple probe design across participants, I tested the effects of the repeated probe procedure on the emergence of Naming for contrived visual and auditory stimuli, with 6 participants who demonstrated full Naming with non-contrived stimuli. During pre-intervention probes, all 6 participants demonstrated the listener half of Naming for contrived visual stimuli, but did not demonstrate the listener half of Naming for contrived auditory stimuli nor the speaker half of Naming for both contrived visual and auditory stimuli. Intervention was conducted in the same way as in Experiment II, but with only contrived stimuli sets. During post-intervention probes, all participants demonstrated criterion-level or close to criterion-level responding for untaught listener and speaker responses with a novel set of contrived visual and auditory stimuli. Results of the three studies combined suggested that simply having the listener component of Naming for visual stimuli and repeated exposures to visual and auditory stimuli may establish stimulus control for spoken and non-spoken contrived auditory stimuli. These increases in stimulus control are educationally significant, as they allow individuals to contact new stimuli in the environment, allowing for possibilities of learning multiple responses as well as multiple features of stimuli. Results also suggested that the demonstration of Naming with contrived stimuli may be a type of Naming cusp that is not necessarily present in individuals who demonstrate Naming with non-contrived stimuli. Educational implications of these findings, limitations, and future research are then discussed.

Pode a escuta forjada na prática clínica interceder por proposições educacionais singulares? A partir dessa pergunta a tese se desdobra em exercícios conceituais e práticos na busca de abertura de interfaces entre clínica e educação, atenta às interpelações do fora e ao movimento da vida. Nessa composição, ganha relevância o conceito de ressonância, como uma abertura para o mundo que produz, simultaneamente, uma experiência de si. A partir da proposição de um estado de escuta, ou de um posicionamento orientado pela escuta clínica, a escrita se faz no acompanhamento de experiências escolares, conversas com alunos e um processo de formação de formadores. Essa conversa serve para precisar o funcionamento dessa escuta ao mesmo tempo em que abre um campo de questões entre a clínica e a educação. / How can an active clinical listening mediate an unique education based on singular experiences? In attempting to answer this central question, the thesis does an interchange between clinic and education. This dynamic was composed by the developed of concepts and practical activities. The mediation created in this thesis has grounded by the author\'s experiences of being in school environment; the conversations with students and the process of training school\'s leaders who train others school staff. It is important to say that the inputs from outside and the movement of life were taken on board. The configuration of the thesis, the concept of Resonance developed by Jean Luc Nancy became deep-seated. The thesis specifies and clarifies the function of the clinical listening in an education setting. It also inevitably opens relevant concerns between clinic and education.

In my Event-Related Potential studies, these two factors are analyzed collectively. Two dichotic listening experiments, one word phonological priming experiment, and one sentence semantic violation experiment are conducted. The results indicate that the linguistic role (e.g. semantics) causes the tone processing toward the left side, whereas the physical property causes the tone processing toward the right side. / In this dissertation, I discuss the effects of the linguistic role and the physical property on the hemispheric specialization (lateralization) of the lexical tones. In the previous studies of lateralization, there are two contradictory hypotheses. One emphasizes the linguistic role and predicts a left lateralization of tone perception, while the other emphasizes the physical property and predicts a right lateralization of tone perception. Both hypotheses have their supporting evidence. / No previous tone lateralization studies have analyzed the underlying factors. Following the philosophy that language is built upon multiple cognitive functions, I further examine the effects of semantic memory and pitch processing on the lateralization of tones in various language tasks. My findings help bridge the previous theoretical discrepancies and unify the conflicting experimental results regarding tone lateralization. / Shuai, Lan / Adviser: William S-Y. Wang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-153). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

A comunicação, tão fundamental para a constituição do sujeito, é marcada pela linguagem que nos insere no simbólico. Distanciando-nos do conceito positivista de comunicação e aproximando-nos da Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa pecheuxtiana, aceitamos a opacidade e incompletude da linguagem, que pode ser analisada e percebida pela escuta aqui denominada significativa. Uma escuta que permita um diálogo dentro de nós mesmos com as muitas falas que nos constituíram e nos constituem. A instituição escolar é um lugar que propicia interações e inserção social, assim, o estudo visa a analisar e refletir como a escuta é concebida e realizada no contexto educacional, pois, nesse ambiente, em geral prevalece o discurso autoritário cujo funcionamento impede a reversibilidade (dinâmica da interlocução). Os procedimentos metodológicos desta pesquisa contaram com a revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo com observações em sala de aula e entrevistas semiestruturadas com educadoras de duas escolas públicas no interior do estado de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e depois transcritas. O corpus, recortes de dados determinados pelas condições de produção, foi constituído e analisado com base nos dispositivos teóricos da Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa pecheuxtiana e algumas contribuições da Psicanálise e das Ciências da Educação. As análises indicam que o sujeito-educador filiado ao discurso autoritário mascara a escuta significativa reduzindo-a ao silêncio do educando durante as explicações ou à participação deles quanto ao conteúdo explicado pelo educador; há tentativas de rompimento e deslizamentos de posições que possibilitam a dinâmica da interlocução, no entanto, não são legitimadas pela instituição escolar que, por sua vez, escamoteia a subjetividade docente. Romper com a predominância do discurso autoritário no contexto educacional é um desafio, mas que acreditamos ser possível com a construção de espaços discursivos que oportunizem aos sujeitos-educadores uma experiência de encontro, de diálogo e de desejo. / Communication, important as it is for the constitution of the subject, brings the mark of language, which encases us into the symbolic order. As diverging from positivist concepts of communication, and approaching French discourse analysis, we accept the opacity and incompleteness of language. Language may, therefore, be analyzed and perceived by what we understand as meaningful listening, allowing internal, dialogues with oneself with the many says, which constituted us in the past and the present. The school environment offers interaction and social insertion. This study aims to analyze how the skill of listening is conceived and carried out within the school environment, in which usually authoritarian discourse prevents reversibility (dynamics of communication). The methodology applied in this work relied on literature review, field observation in classrooms and semi-structured interviews with education professionals from two public schools in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The corpus, selected cut-outs determined by the production conditions, was assembled and analyzed based on the French theory of discourse analysis, by Michel Pêcheux, on some contributions psychoanalysis, and on sciences of education. The analysis indicates that the subject-educator within the authoritarian discourse disguises the meaningful listening, reducing it to the learners silence or limited participation during the explanation. There are attempts of rupture and displacements of roles, which would allow communication dynamics. Those attempts, however, are not supported by the school instances, which in turn glosses over teachers subjectivity. Fighting against the predominance of authoritarian discourse in the school environment is a challenge that we believe can be faced. Discursive spaces must be created to offer the subject-educators experience of encounter, dialogue and desire.

This thesis examines a recent shift in attention to the auditory present in a strand of post-1999 contemporary European film and philosophy. It argues that noise, defined predominantly as unpleasant or unidentifiable sound, has been harnessed by particular filmmakers as a means to tune our attention to different bodies sounding in our environment. Yet while the ear is an organ we perceive to be open, it could always be receiving more. This limit to our audition is a limit the filmmakers examined here productively engage with in ways that raise questions about the politics and ethics of listening to different bodies. The thesis takes Jean-Luc Nancy's articulation of the listening body, what he calls the corps sonore, to posit a theory of a 'cinematic corps sonore' where the boundaries between on-screen bodies, medium and spectator are dissolved in the mutual vibratory soundings that characterise the state of being 'all ears'. In doing so, the thesis offers a revision of the haptic framework that has dominated recent sensuous theories of film as well as applications of Nancy's thought to film in the inter-discipline of film philosophy. The analysis proceeds via close readings of individual films to consider how noise tunes us to different bodies and the specific issues raised in doing so in ways that resonate beyond the philosophical limits of Nancy's corps sonore. Chapter one examines the 'unlistenable' in the work of Catherine Breillat and Gaspar Noé. It revises accounts of the supposed 'unwatchability' of Breillat and Noé's cinema by examining their respective appeals to volume and frequency, revealing both the possibility of intimacy and the risk of vulnerability that the corps sonore poses. Chapter two takes the corps sonore to the question of national borders and social bodies by bringing post-colonial theorist Édouard Glissant's concept of the écho-monde to Tony Gatlif's Exils (2004) and Arnaud des Pallières' Adieu (2004). It argues that both filmmakers appeal to the migratory properties of noise to think through questions of identity, relation and the different degrees of belonging that sound inscribes. The final chapter asks whether cinema constitutes a site that allows for an amplification of the nonhuman. Attention is given both to the practice of Foley and to the use of Foley in Lars von Trier's Antichrist (2009) and Peter Strickland's Berberian Sound Studio (2012) to show how a non-coincidence between body and sound figures cinema as a place of resonance, animated by the scattered structure of dynamic relations between things that Foley brings about. Yet the chapter also casts doubt over the possibility of noise indicating something outside of human world-projection and as such, disrupts the otherwise increasingly prehensile attention that I argue filmmakers have been able to pay to the body through the auditory.