Using contemporary paradigms from Native American, African American, feminist, and post-colonial critical theories, as well the debates around what constitutes anthropology, this dissertation examines the ways in which Native American written literary production and European American ethnography converge in the social production and construction of the "raced" categories of "red" and "white." The questions of how discourses of power and subjectivity operate are asked of texts by Paula Gunn Allen, Leslie Marmon Silko, and Elsie Clews Parsons, all of whom have lived and worked in and around Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico. The matrix in their texts of location (Laguna Pueblo), discourses (fiction and ethnography), "races" (Laguna and White), and gender (female), facilitates an examination of the scripting of "Indian-ness" and "White-ness" and how these categories sustain each other, and how each "contains" and "represents" the other, based in relative domination and subordination. What is posited here is a practice of guerilla ethnography, a practice which reflects "white" back upon itself, creating a picture of what it means to be culturally "white" by one who is "other than white." Texts are examined in terms of a racial and ethnic "whiteness" as a socially constructed category, upsetting the underlying assumption of whiteness as the given or natural center, rather than as another socially constructed category.

In Malaysia, ethnic and cultural tension and conflicts have escalated in the past 5 years bringing undesirable impacts on the nation’s economy and, most importantly, on inter-ethnic relationships. In line with the government’s 1Malaysia effort to produce a more integrated society, this study proposes the need to construct a shared Malaysian identity, starting from the classroom, which is facilitated by teachers through the use of Malaysian short stories. This proposition, amidst the differences in cultural, religious and beliefs systems, aims to close the ethnic and cultural divide and cultivate widespread inter and intra cultural awareness. The study is grounded in the notion of hybridity in the Third Space espoused by Bhabha (1994) and ameliorated and geared towards the classroom context by the works of Gutiérrez (1999, 2004, 2008). The inquiry was designed using primarily qualitative research instruments employing non-participant classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with 7 English Language teachers, and group interviews with 6 groups of students from 4 different schools in Kuala Lumpur. A one-day workshop was also conducted with the 7 teachers to introduce new Malaysian short stories and also for the purpose of sharing experiences in teaching literature in English. This data source was then supported by secondary quantitative data derived from self-completion questionnaires administered to the students of the teachers involved in this study. The findings from the analyses of the results show various attitudes, beliefs and teaching and practices in the English language classroom in response to the notion of constructing a shared identity in the Third Space. The notion of the hidden curriculum is also investigated to determine how it can be usefully theorized towards identity construction in the classroom. On the one hand, students mainly accepted the shared identity concept as a basis for classroom practice, whilst teachers had a range of views about this idea. In the conclusion, the thesis explores the implications of the classroom practices adopted by the teachers in this study as part of the process of constructing a shared Malaysian identity. It also examines the plausibility of and barriers to creating an awareness of the Third Space through the use of narratives produced by local writers, both as a medium for developing the skills to access the Third Space and also as the container of messages about Malaysian society and identity. Finally, this study suggests the way forward for realizing the country’s aspiration of a unified society and becoming a full-fledged developed country, which can possibly start in the classrooms.

Issued also as thesis, Heidelberg, under title: Studien zu Anton Čechovs Menschenbild. / Bibliography: p. 118-125.

Thesis (doctoral) - Freie Universität, Berlin, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Revision of the author's Thesis (Ph. D.)--ha-Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit, Jerusalem, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [486]-520) and indexes.

Thesis (Ph. D. in German)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2006. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Nous analysons ici les discours identitaires d’écrivains des Antilles françaises, principalement Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant. Autour de la question centrale des ensembles géographiques que dessinent leurs discours sur l’homme (nègre, noir, antillais ou créole), nous examinons leur contexte de production, les enjeux de leurs positions, leur dimension performative et les voies par lesquelles ces discours peuvent influencer les représentations collectives. Nous portons une attention particulière aux rapports entre écrivains et anthropologues : certains écrivains valorisent la perception du natif et celle de l’artiste, arguant de l’efficacité cognitive de l’écriture littéraire sans disqualifier le discours scientifique. Les espaces d’appartenance qu’ils donnent à voir sont en rapport avec les découpages des littéraires et des savants (en particulier Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). Nous montrons que leurs « originales géographies » ne se résument pas à la vision d’Antilles africaines pour Césaire, d’un monde noir pour Condé, d’un monde créole pour la Créolité ou de l’archipel pour Glissant. En rapport avec leurs conceptions des identités, associées à une résistance croissante à l’ethnicisation par l’autre et aux catégorisations, la complexité et la variabilité de leurs discours réduisent leur impact, cependant sensible dans la constitution des fonds locaux des bibliothèques. Ils se préoccupent de la diffusion locale de leurs discours, à travers l’interaction directe avec le public, parfois l’enseignement, et la création de prix littéraires. Nous montrons enfin que les veillées littéraires et autres manifestations dans lesquelles ils s’investissent depuis vingt ans témoignent de leur intérêt pour l’émergence de communautés de lecteurs, la sociabilité littéraire étant le vecteur du renforcement de sentiments d’appartenance. / This work analyzes identitarian discourses among writers from the French Caribbean, in particular Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant. Around the central question of the geographical ensembles outlined in their discourses on man (Negro, Black, West Indian or Creole), I examine the context of their production, their implications, their performative dimension and the ways in which these discourses can influence collective representations. I focus in particular on the relations between writers and anthropologists. Certain writers promote native and artistic perception, and stress the cognitive efficacy of literary writing without however disqualifying scientific discourse. The spaces of belonging they set out are linked to mappings proposed by literary scholars and social scientists (notably Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). I show that their « original geographies » cannot be reduced to Césaire’s conception of African West Indies, Condé’s Black world, the Creolity movement’s Creole world, or Glissant’s Archipelago. Linked to their conceptions of identity and an increasing resistance to categorizations and to ethnicization by the other, the complexity and variability of their discourses reduce their impact, although it remains visible in the way that local collections in libraries are organized. The writers are concerned with the local diffusion of their discourse through direct interaction with the public, sometimes teaching, and the creation of literary prizes. Finally, I stress that their participation in literary evenings and other cultural events over the last twenty years testifies to their interest in the emergence of reader communities and in literary sociability as a means of reinforcing a sense of belonging.

Orientador: Emilia Pietrafesa de Godoi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T03:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_CintyaMariaCosta_D.pdf: 9449224 bytes, checksum: b1031b5c3399c76afc1499e84364b3ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este estudo debruça-se sobre uma vertente da literatura goiana, mais precisamente, sobre textos que trazem a referência do sudoeste de Goiás como espaço simbólico de reconhecida especificidade cultural, com o objetivo de compreender a construção desse espaço. As histórias dos lugares sudoestinos são o conteúdo principal da literatura local focalizada aqui. Essas histórias e essa literatura constituem, os campos privilegiados da construção desses lugares. Nelas se pode verificar a inscrição do "sentido do próprio" e ver atuar, por meio de processos específicos da construção dos textos, um conjunto de relações dos sujeitos envolvidos, os escritores locais, nos espaços definidos por suas trajetórias e escrituras. A apreensão dos modos de construção dos lugares privilegiou os escritores que, em razão dos seus textos e através deles, bem como das relações que mantêm com os lugares, envolveram-se em processos de construção de referências culturais definidoras de seus espaços de vida e história. A construção do sudoeste de Goiás - objeto que se firmou para este trabalho -dimensionou, desde o princípio, um entrelaçamento entre os sujeitos, os seus textos e os lugares, e jogou com a possibilidade de um caminho de investigação definido pelas relações entre essas três dimensões como o mais apropriado para o entendimento dessa construção. Os capítulos definidos são fragmentos, unidos pela idéia de um constante entrelaçamento, cujo palco principal é um lugar histórico e social. Os dois textos escolhidos foram interpretados de forma contrapontual, isto é, dentro de uma perspectiva comparativa que considera os elementos estéticos e de conteúdo que surgem como diferenças significativas, com conseqüências para a visão dos lugares que cada texto constrói. A leitura em contraponto aqui realizada abarca a sugestão de Said (1995) de uma abordagem interpretativa que as analisa em conjunto, tratando-as de forma a não polarizá-las, mas, a entrelaçá-las por meio da tentativa de construção de visões, de imagens de cultura, de história e de sociedade. A interpretação dessa obras considerou as relações das narrativas com a cultura. A propósito desse aspecto, é possível dizer que a produção textual incorporada à análise traz a marca do Jugar e expressa um passado. A literatura, ao mesmo tempo em que faz circular essa marca, que também está inscrita na trajetória dos escritores, veicula a sua continuidade / Abstract: This study is about the Goiânia literature, definite exact, about texts that bring reference of the south west of Goiás as a symbolic space of the recognizable specificity culture with the goal to understand the build of this space. These histories and the literature are the patent fields of this place building. In the histories it is possible to identify the registration of the "own meaning" and see to act, through the specific process of the texts elaborations a relation group of the envolved people, the local writers, in definite spaces through their trajectories and contract. The apprehension of the building way of this places privileged the writers that in reason of their texts and through them, as well as the relation they keep with the places, they envolved in process of the building of the culture references that are definied of their spaces of life and history. The building of the south west of Goiás- object that firmed for this job- conducted since the start, a mix among the people, their texts and the places and played with the possibility of an investigation way defined for the relations among those three dimensions as the most appropriate to the understanding of this building. The defined chapters are fragments, joined for the idea of a constant union, whose the main scenery is a history and a social place. The two choosen texts were interpreted the contraposition, besides, in a comparison and the contents that appears as significatives differences, as a consequence to the view of the places that each text build. The reading in comparision here realizied has the suggest of Said (1995), of an interpretative view that it analyzied together treating them the way of not making them all together, but mix them through the experiment of the building of views, the culture images, the history and the society. The interpretation of this texts considered the relation of the narration with the culture. In purpose of the aspects, it is possible that the textual production incorporated the analysis bring the brand of the place and express the past. The literature, at the same lime that moves this brand, that is also registrated in the writers trajectory, shows its continuation / Doutorado / Processos Sociais, Identidades e Representações do Mundo Rural / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

[pt] Parece haver uma propensão humana à ficção. Uma propensão não apenas a ficcionalizar, mas também a submergir em ficções as mais variadas. Metamórfica como os mitos e próxima ao rumor que criou as cosmogonias mais antigas, a ficção é a raiz do erro mas também o começo de toda produção de pensamento. Wolfgang Iser compreende essa propensão ao outramento como um pressuposto antropológico básico. Em seus trabalhos teóricos, Ricardo Piglia entende a ficção como via prioritária para se pensar a política. Partindo do encontro dessas concepções, esta tese apresenta uma investigação acerca das múltiplas relações entre ficção, política e metafísica, privilegiando a literatura e seu embate com o desconhecido. Em uma escrita que alia especulação teórica e investigação fabuladora, a análise dessas relações tem como percurso as concepções históricas acerca do conceito de ficção; a literatura que é atravessada pelo excesso (como as divindades, a violência, o erotismo, o horror cósmico e demais experiências desestabilizadoras); a possível obsolescência do realismo burguês frente ao Antropoceno; as contribuições que a chamada virada ontológica pode trazer não somente para o conceito de ficção, mas também para a compreensão da experiência literária como um todo; e, por fim, as forças fictícias (termo que Piglia retira de Paul Valéry) que atravessam o socius, conduzindo ou não à servidão. Os ensaios que compõem esta tese são animados por uma vontade fúngica, trançando alianças demoníacas entre diferentes pensadores e oxidando as barreiras que mantinham separadas e estanques a ficção, a política e a metafísica. / [en] There seems to be a human penchant for fiction. A propensity not only to fictionalize, but also to submerge in the most varied fictions. Metamorphic like myths and close to the rumor that created the oldest cosmogonies, fiction is the root of error but also the beginning of all production of thought. Wolfgang Iser understands this propensity for otherness as a basic anthropological assumption. In his theoretical works, Ricardo Piglia understands fiction as a priority way to think about politics. Starting from the meeting of these conceptions, this thesis presents an investigation about the multiple relations between fiction, politics and metaphysics, privileging literature and its clash with the unknown. In a writing that combines theoretical speculation and fabulous investigation, the analysis of these relationships takes as its route the historical conceptualizations about the concept of fiction; literature that is crossed by excess (such as divinities, violence, eroticism, cosmic horror and other destabilizing experiences); the possible obsolescence of bourgeois realism in the face of the Anthropocene; the contributions that the so-called ontological turn can bring not only to the concept of fiction, but also to the understanding of literary experience as a whole; and, finally, the fictitious forces (a term that Piglia takes from Paul Valéry) that cross the socius, leading or not to servitude. The essays that make up this thesis are animated by a fungal will, weaving demonic alliances between different thinkers and oxidizing the barriers that kept fiction, politics and metaphysics separated.

This study seeks to understand colonial narratives of Zimbabwe 1860-1900 as a locus of transgression and opposition. I investigate the range and complexity of discourses within the imperial project open to both European male and female writers, their shifts over time or within one or more texts. Narratives of the explorer, missionary, hunter and soldier are examined as a literary genre in which attempts were made to re-imagine the Western self through an encounter with Africans. I consider how positions from which the European in the colonies could speak and write were reformulated. This study will employ Foucauldian discourse theory in an analysis of the British 'civilizing mission' in Central Southern Africa. The Introduction examines existing historical and theoretical approaches in this field and argues for a particular use of Foucualt's insights and vocabulary. Chapter One is concerned with the way European explorers constituted notions of 'civilized nations' in Europe and 'primitive tribes' in Africa . I then question how this process of division and exclusion was reinforced by the mythography of an EI Dorado in the African interior. In Chapter Two I consider how Colonial Man was constituted in different ways by Victorian discourses of adventure, travel and conquest. I also attempt to account for the effects that followed the activation, within colonial culture, of structures of exclusion and division based on race or class. Chapter Three focuses on the economic dimension of a dissident LMS missionary and the sustained resistance to Western philanthropy among the Ndebele. I also examine the later Mashonaland mission where the missionary-administrator became instrumental in the division and control of Africans. In the final chapter I consider discursive formations which sought to constrain African resistance during the 1896-7 Chimurenga and the institutionalization of a settler order in the post-Chimurenga era. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1998.