Abstract According to the latest statistical data from Ministry of Finance, it is found that domestic consuming loan is growing up continuously these years. Up to the end of September in 2000 the sum of this business is 3984.9 billion. It is equal to 34.1% among loan of native banks. Personal small-scale consumer credit is increasing at 18% rate per year from 148.6 billion in 1994 to 365.1 billion in the end of September in 2000. It is developed vigorously, and even to be the main profit for banks. This is because consumers have slowly changed their concepts about how to use their money. Another reason is that the banks are actively to provide small-scale consumer credit with easy formality. But its potential risk is becoming higher since depression in economy and unemployment are getting higher. ¡§How to do the credit estimation for your consumers; how to make the lost of breaking an appointment lower¡¨ is the most urgent for the banks who would like to have good performance in the field of consuming finance. This research takes 1764 consumers who have small-scale consumer credit from a specific bank as samples for analysis. We found 29 elements that will affect the payment from literature and credit estimation from other branches. After concluding 6 types of credit risk, 25 influent elements offered by sample bank are listed for the purpose of analysis. ¡§K-W independent check¡¨ and ¡§Spearman¡¦s rho related analysis¡¨ are used to gain 17 variables. They are interactive and remarkable for credit. The summarized introduction of this research is as follows. 1. Age is notable for payment. The risk between ages of 41 ~45 is higher than the average. Seniority around 7 ~10 years is also dangerous. The above appearance is figured out to be concerned about transition of economical environment such as depression in economy and unemployment. The thought ¡§ higher ages or seniority means lower risk¡¨ should be done some amendment. 2. Actual net income should be considered while estimating the credit. Higher income is not necessarily equal to lower risk. People with high income were easily to obtain more loans since they would have better payment capacity. It is observed from credit estimation of each bank. In fact income is unable to reflect payment capacity. Debt will be important reason to influence payment capacity. 3. Having real property doesn¡¦t mean having no risk. We could find that consumer¡¦s property usually took large percentage in credit estimation. Sometimes consumers would become dangerous since they had debt for real property. The banks had better to correct their illusion ¡¨land is wealth¡¨ as soon as possible. 4. More or less guarantees are not essential for credit risk. Simple and fast formality appeals to the popular while the banks are promoting small-scale consumer credit. In the past the banks believed that more guarantees could lower the risk. It is wrong and will be the block in developing business. The banks should focus on payment capacity as main accordance for credit estimation. Key words: Consumers loan; Credit risk management, Credit scoring system.

The collapse of subprime loan markets in the United States in 2007 sparked a global financial crisis. With the fallout of subprime loan storm, the global economy has been in serious recession. In addition to the financial stagnation, other industries have been also affected. According to the estimation by International Labor Organization (ILO), the global unemployment population in 2009 will be more than 200 millions. The continued rising of misery index and losing confidence among the public become the motivation for inspiring the researcher to explore this issue. The research aims to understand the financial storm and explore the cause of the subprime financial storm through the reviews and reorganization of literature. In light of the cyclical and repetitive nature of financial crisis, if we could find the leverage solution to the subprime loan storm, it will be a useful reference for dealing with possible financial crises in future. This research adopted literature analysis method and history study to collect data and explain the feedback viewpoint of the operation of the subprime loan storm through casual loop diagram (CLD). Through the reorganization of related literature, this research found the historical cause of the subprime loan storm. We also constructed a causal feedback diagram of the formation of subprime loan storm by the archetypes. Furthermore, we found out the leverage solution that might effectively curb subprime loan storm in the causal feedback diagram. This research presents three conclusions: 1) three reasons for the formation of the structure of subprime loan storm: a. the building-up of Black-Scholes Model; b. the regulations on the capital adequacy rates and commodity derivatives in Basel Agreement; c. the domination of performance; 2) the policy factors for the formation of the structure of subprime loan storm: the over-adjustment of rate policy by Fed; 3) the implicit factors for the formation of the structure of subprime loan storm: the effects of moral decline. In the last part, the research recommends six fundamental solutions for the subprime loan problem according to the leverage solution to the subprime loan storm: 1) the de-leverage of commodity derivatives; 2) the strict self-management of internal control and audit system in banks; 3) the adjustment of performance-dominated culture; 4) the promotion of moral education; 5) the pace of adjustment of rate policy by Fed should be slowed down; 6) the governments should adopt fiscal policy as much as they can.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-217). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-217). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-194). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (MSD (EAP))--Universiteit van Pretoria, 2003.

Poster presentation from the Living the Future 6 Conference, April 5-8, 2006, University of Arizona Libraries, Tucson, AZ. / Results of the University of Arizona’s Six Sigma process improvement of the Interlibrary Loan article borrowing process will be shared: user survey results, problems that were addressed to improve the process, statistics describing our processes before and after improvement and our cost analysis summary. In this study Turn Around Time (TAT) was improved: From: 42% of requests delivered within 3 days To: 68% delivered within 3 days; AND the Cost per Article was reduced: From $8.43 To: $7.97 (with more savings to come).

This dissertation focuses on the unique aspects of Maltese morphology brought about by its genetic and geographic history. The experiments conducted and described here build on past research in Indo-European languages and new research in other Semitic languages to determine how different word formation systems function. Applying experimental techniques to the study of Maltese is crucial for two reasons. First, though Maltese is a Semitic language, recent extensive contact with English has greatly impacted its vocabulary and the structure of its verbs. Though the effects of persistent language contact is pervasive, clear and systematic differences may be observed between native Semitic verbs and those borrowed from English. Secondly, unlike other Semitic languages, the Maltese writing system uses the Roman alphabet. This allows for tests that require the reading of written stimuli to be performed in the same writing system as previous studies in Indo-European languages, eliminating a number of confounding factors.A masked priming experiment asked Maltese speakers to judge whether or not test items were words of their language. The test items included real and nonce verbs of both Semitic and English origin. Accuracy rates and reaction time were recorded and compared across speakers. The results of this experiment support the psychological salience of the consonantal root as a unit of lexical organization.An elicitation experiment asked native speakers of Maltese to provide a verb form that corresponded to a given noun or adjective. The test items were nouns of Semitic and English origin and non-words constructed to resemble such nouns. Responses were broadly transcribed and analyzed for their similarity to the expected patterns. The results show that speakers are able to use two morphological strategies to form new words. The factors affecting the choice between morphological systems include linguistic structure and social variables.Collectively, this pair of experiments indicate that the consonantal root is a viable morphological and psychological unit of lexical organization, supporting a search-based approach to lexical access. Furthermore, speakers are able to form new words on the basis of whole words, showing that this level of organization must also be present to facilitate lexical access.

The Open Access movement seeks to make scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles freely available to anyone, anywhere over the World Wide Web. There were some very significant developments in the area of Open Access (OA) in 2004, including statements by major funders in support of Open Access. There are now so many Open Access scholarly journal articles freely available, that, in the author’s opinion, being aware of, and using, the resources and related tools is now essential for libraries. Libraries can provide more resources faster for users by supplementing paid resources with ones that are Open Access. Library resources, such as link resolvers, are beginning to incorporate Open Access materials and web searches for Open Access materials. For example, the reSearcher software suite includes Open Access collections along with subscription-based resources in the CUFTS journals knowledgebase, and a web search for an Open Access copy of an article in the GODOT link resolver. SFX also incorporates Open Access journals. After exhausting more traditional resources, interlibrary loans staff are beginning to include Google searching in their workflow. This article will discuss what Open Access is, the dramatic growth of Open Access, and major collections, resources and tools. Implications, issues, and leadership opportunities for resource sharing specialists will be explored.

The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions of Ball State University graduates who participated in Guaranteed Loan Programs regarding the experience of borrowing through these programs. Specifically the study was concerned with: (1) Identifying the individual's perceptions of the influence of borrowing on selected areas related to the borrower's financial affairs; (2) identifying the individual.'s perceptions of the influence of borrowing on selected areas related to the borrower's personal life; and (3) determining the borrower's opinion about participation in the Guaranteed Loan Program(s) as related to the appropriateness of the amount of money borrowed, criteria for eligibility for participation, criteria for repaying the amount borrowed, advice that would be given to prospective borrowers, and the rating that would be given to the overall experience of borrowing.