Ältere und auch pflegebedürftige Menschen werden den Alltag in den Zahnarztpraxen in den kommenden Jahren immer stärker prägen. Mit zunehmender Gebrechlichkeit der Betagten und Hochbetagten sollte sich die zahnmedizinische Behandlung in eine zahnmedizinische Betreuung wandeln. Auch bei einer, im Vergleich zu früher, später eintretenden Pflegebedürftigkeit sind in der Zukunft bei vielen Pflegebedürftigen die zweiten und dritten Zähne zu versorgen. Leider ist festzustellen, dass die zahnmedizinische Versorgung in Pflegeeinrichtungen noch nicht ausreichend standardisiert ist. Von den Pflegebedürftigen in Sachsen, Berlin und Nordrhein Westfalen besaßen nur 18,6 % stationär Pflegebedürftige und 41,2 % ambulant Pflegebedürftige ein zahnmedizinisches Bonusheft. Die Verteilung war regional sehr unterschiedlich. Anteilig besaßen die Pflegebedürftigen in Sachsen am häufigsten ein Bonusheft. Das Vorhandensein des Bonusheftes war weder von Alter oder Geschlecht abhängig. Der Verlust einer besseren Bonusregelung bei Zahnersatzleistungen wird dabei von den Pflegedienstleitungen und dem medizinischen Dienst völlig außer Acht gelassen, teilweise sind die Bonusregelungen auch nicht ausreichend bekannt. Die Organisation eines kontinuierlichen Konsildienstes könnte mit der Anforderung an das Führen eines zahnmedizinischen Bonusheftes verbessert werden. Hierzu müssen aber die Informationen zum Bonusheft gezielt an die Heimleitungen, die Heimaufsichten, die Heimräte, die Angehörigen und an den medizinischen Dienst herangetragen werden.

Graduation date: 1994

Adoption of no-till (NT) and reduced tillage management is widespread on the Canadian prairies and together form the basic platform of soil management upon which most crop production is based. Elimination of tillage in cropping systems changes the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil profile and can affect crop growth and ultimately yield. As such, understanding how soil biota, as drivers of nutrient turnover, adapt to NT is important for maximizing crop productivity and mitigating environmental damage in agroecosystems. This work aims to achieve a greater understanding of microbial community structure and function in long-term NT versus conventionally tilled (CT) soils. Community phospholipid and DNA fingerprinting did not reveal any consistent tillage-induced shifts in microbial community structure, but demonstrated a clear influence of depth within the soil profile. While tillage did not result in broad changes in the community structure, total, bacterial and fungal biomass was consistently greater near the surface of NT soils. Further examination at one site near Swift Current, SK revealed differences in microbial biomass and community structure in NT and CT in field-formed aggregate size fractions. Measurement of mineralization and nitrification at the same site indicated that differences in the early-season turnover of N may be related to physical rather than microbial differences in NT and CT soils. Potential nitrification was higher prior to seeding than mid-season, was not affected by tillage and was correlated with ammonia oxidizer population size of archaea, but not bacteria. This work indicates that edaphic soil properties and spatial distribution of resources in the soil profile, rather than tillage management, are the primary factors driving microbial community structure in these soils.

There is limited information regarding the provision of rehabilitation services in long-term care (LTC) to meet the needs of residents living with stroke. This project assessed service availability within Ontario-based homes and examined the relationship between service comprehensiveness and functional outcome for residents with rehabilitation potential. The first phase involved survey development and distribution to a sample of homes to assess comprehensiveness. The second phase linked survey findings and administrative data to determine whether comprehensiveness (measured using an index score derived from survey responses) was correlated with change in functional status using linear regression modeling. There was marked variability in service comprehensiveness across responding homes (n=32 of 154 homes; 21%). No significant linear correlation was shown between comprehensiveness and change in ADL function (n=178). Although our study failed to show an association, rehabilitation should be considered an important aspect of LTC programming and should adhere to practice standards where possible.

There is limited information regarding the provision of rehabilitation services in long-term care (LTC) to meet the needs of residents living with stroke. This project assessed service availability within Ontario-based homes and examined the relationship between service comprehensiveness and functional outcome for residents with rehabilitation potential. The first phase involved survey development and distribution to a sample of homes to assess comprehensiveness. The second phase linked survey findings and administrative data to determine whether comprehensiveness (measured using an index score derived from survey responses) was correlated with change in functional status using linear regression modeling. There was marked variability in service comprehensiveness across responding homes (n=32 of 154 homes; 21%). No significant linear correlation was shown between comprehensiveness and change in ADL function (n=178). Although our study failed to show an association, rehabilitation should be considered an important aspect of LTC programming and should adhere to practice standards where possible.

Despite the benefits of physical activity for older adults, many residents living in long-term care homes (LTC) are relatively inactive. Previous research has revealed barriers to physical activity at the resident-level, organizational, and environmental level. However, little attention has been paid to other factors influencing physical activity within the broader institutional complex. The goal of this study was to uncover how the work of personal support workers (PSWs) related to the promotion of physical activity was socially organized. Institutional Ethnography (IE), developed by Dorothy Smith, guided this study. Smith proposed that peoples’ everyday experiences in local settings are organized, often unknowingly, by the actions of people located outside of the local setting and that this organization is textually-mediated. Two LTC homes in Ontario participated in this study. I began data collection by observing PSWs as they went about their work. Next, I interviewed PSWs and other people located inside (e.g. nurses, managers) and outside the LTC homes (e.g. representatives from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Lastly, I collected texts that organized the PSWs’ work, such as Ministry standards. The findings revealed that although the MOHLTC standards were viewed as producing something “good” for the residents, some of the standards disrupted the PSWs’ work, which made it challenging for them to support daily physical activity. The promotion of physical activity was seen as an additional program that happened a few times per week and it was parceled out as a professional activity that was socially organized “out” of the PSW role. The findings suggest that local solutions are needed. A good starting point would be to go and talk to PSWs and residents to determine what type of assignments would permit the incorporation of physical activity into daily care. To embed the promotion of physical activity into daily care, a major rethink and reorganization of PSWs work will be needed, including a greater investment in human and material supports for PSWs.

We have recently established that aberrant alkylacylglycerophosphocholine metabolism results in the increased tissue concentration of platelet activating factors (PAFs) in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients and in TgCRND8 mice over-expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein. PAF lipids activate a G-protein coupled receptor (PAFR) reported to be expressed by microglia and subsets of neurons in rat. It is not known whether this same expression pattern is recapitulated in mice however, as the expression has only been inferred by use of pharmacological PAFR antagonists, many of which impact on both PAFR-dependent and PAFR-independent signalling pathways. PAFR plays a role in long term potentiation (LTP) induction in rats. PAFR has also been implicated in behavioural indices of spatial learning and memory in rats. Contradictory reports using mice provide ambiguity regarding the role of PAFR in LTP induction in mice. To assess whether PAFR is expressed in murine neurons, I localized PAFR mRNA in wild-type C57BL/6 mice using PAFR KO mice as a negative control. I further showed that the loss of PAFR did not impair learning and memory although this assessment must be considered preliminary as the behavioural test employed was not optimized to detect changes in learning and memory of C57BL/6 mice over time adequately.Finally, I showed that the loss of PAFR in TgCRND8 mouse model of AD had no impact upon Aβ plaque number. My observations suggest that PAFR is restricted to microglial-like cells in mouse hippocampus and as such, it may not play a role in learning and memory.

Fourth Generation (4G) cellular technology Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) offers high data rate capabilities to mobile users; and, operators are trying to deliver a true mobile broadband experience over LTE networks. Mobile TV and Video on Demand (VoD) are expected to be the main revenue generators in the near future [36] and efficient video streaming over wireless is the key to enabling this. 3GPP recommends the use of H.264 baseline profiles for all video based services in Third Generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) networks. However, LTE networks need to support mobile devices with different display resolution requirements like small resolution mobile phones and high resolution laptops. Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is required to achieve this goal. Feasibility study of SVC for LTE is one of the main agenda of 3GPP Release10. SVC enhances H.264 with a set of new profiles and encoding tools that may be used to produce scalable bit streams. Efficient adaptation methods for SVC video transmission over LTE networks are proposed in this thesis. Advantages of SVC over H.264 are analyzed using real time use cases of mobile video streaming. Further, we study the cross layer adaptation and scheduling schemes for delivering SVC video streams most efficiently to the users in LTE networks in unicast and multicast transmissions. We propose SVC based video streaming scheme for unicast and multicast transmissions in the downlink direction, with dynamic adaptations and a scheduling scheme based on channel quality information from users. Simulation results indicate improved video quality for more number of users in the coverage area and efficient spectrum usage with the proposed methods.

Introduction:  Aging is related to a gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass, which is associated with morphological modifications such as reduced muscle fiber cross-sectional area and satellite cell content. Data also suggest that a short-term strength training period can be an effective instrument to rejuvenate these morphological parameters and to restore muscle mass. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of one year progressive strength training on fiber type-specific morphological parameters (fiber type composition, fiber area, satellite cell content, myonuclear number and domain) in skeletal muscle of elderly men.   Methods: Thirteen healthy elderly men (age range, 66-77 years) were randomly assigned into training (T) (n=7) and control (C) (n=6) groups. 52 weeks of progressive strength training was performed. Before and after the training, muscles biopsies were collected from the middle part of the vastus lateralis by percutaneous needle biopsy technique. Muscle biopsies were examined for muscle fiber type composition, fiber type-specific hypertrophy and alterations in satellite cell content, myonuclear content and domain using immuno-histochemistry.   Results: At baseline, myonuclear content and mean fiber area was larger in type I fibers compared to type II fibers (p&lt;0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in fiber type composition, mean fiber area, satellite cell content and myonuclear domain between T and C groups at baseline. By the end of the training period, fiber area was increased by 59% (p&lt;0.05) in type I and 71% (p&lt;0.05) in type II. Satellite cell content, myonuclear content and myonuclear domain were increased after training in type I by 58% (p&lt;0.05), 33% (p&lt;0.05), and 20% (p&lt;0.05), respectively. Similar increases in satellite cell content (+65%; p &lt;0.05), myonuclear content (+36%; p &lt;0.05) and myonuclear domain (+25%; p&lt;0.05) were seen in type II fibers. Conclusion: The current study reported that long-term strength training is an excellent tool to prevent sarcopenia. It is demonstrated that skeletal muscle in elderly is capable to enhance satellite cell and myonuclear content, which contributed to muscle hypertrophy. / <p>presentation was made in august 2012 and thesis is approved and got result as well in november 2012</p><p>For an enhanced reading experience go to a later version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-31017.</p> / This study was a part of a larger research project studying adaptations to strength, endurance and combined training

Bakgrund: För patienter med långvarig sjukdom är kunskap om sjukdom och behandling av stor betydelse för att kunna hantera sitt dagliga liv. En väg till ökade kunskaper är via patientundervisning. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva patienters erfarenhet av undervisning vid långvarig sjukdom. Metod: Studien bygger på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar som har analyserats med kvalitativ metod. Resultat: Patienter erfar att en relation med känsla av förståelse och respekt samt en relation som bygger på en öppen dialog har grundläggande betydelse för deras lärande. När kunskap erhölls ökade självförtroendet och patienter vågade ställa frågor vilket skapade trygghet. Kunskap behövdes för att patienten skulle kunna ta ansvar och fatta beslut. Kunskap hade en positiv inverkan på hälsa och välbefinnande. Konklusion: Studien visar att undervisning är av stor betydelse för patienter med långvarig sjukdom hälsa och välbefinnande samt för deras möjlighet till delaktighet i vården. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att skapa en relation som bygger på öppenhet, förståelse och respekt. / Background: For patients with long-term illness education is of great importance to be able to self-care their disease in daily life. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe patients experience of education during long-term illness. Method: The study is a qualitative literature- based study. Based on twelve scientific articles. Results: Patients experiencing a relationship whit a sense of understanding and respect. Relationship based on open dialogue is essential to patient learning. When knowledge was transferred to patients, their confidence increased which resulted courage to ask questions and that made patients feel more safe. For patients to be able to take responsibility for making their own decisions a lot of knowledge was needed. Knowledge did have a positive impact on the patients health and well being. Conclusion: Education is of great importance for patients with long-term illness. The nurse has an important role of transferring knowledge, which leads to the patient feeling more safe. A relationship with an open dialog that includes sense of understanding and respect increased the patient’s participation.